一类丰满度可调的曲线曲面构造法

文中引入了两个几何参数λ和μ,给出了一种新的平面三次曲线的构造方法——三点折线定义法。研究了这类曲线的有关性质。除了可以通过改变中点向量的位置而改变曲线内部的几何形状外,还可以通过改变λ和μ的数值自动调节曲线的丰满度,满足工程上的不同要求。 文中还将这一方法向曲面作了逻辑上的推广,给出了曲面片的几何信息和诸顶点之间的关系,还给出了曲面片之间C~1连续的充分条件。     

一种与坐标系无关的误差曲线拟合法

提出一种基于局部坐标系下三次样条函数的误差曲线拟合法,该法不仅使所拟合的误差曲线具有连续的一、二阶导数,而且保证所拟合的误差曲线不随坐标系的改变而改变。使用该法能获得具有较好的光顺性和一致性的误差拟合曲线。     

以NURBS为基础的造型方法

讨论了基于ＮＵＲＢＳ的算法和造型方法，所给出的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲线、曲面的插值算法，不仅插值于数据点，而且插值于数据点上的权。为Ｓｋｉｎ造型方法提供了基础，还讨论了ＮＵＲＢＳ曲线，曲面退化情况及其处理，展示了ＮＵＲＢＳ方法可以容纳许多复杂的形状，最后，给出了基于ＮＵＲＢＳ的造型方法，如Ｄｒｉｖｅ曲面、Ｓｋｉｎ曲面的造型方法，为用户提供了方便地造出适合于工程应用的复杂形状的方法，上述讨论表明ＮＵＲＢＳ的表     

柔性飞机大变形状态飞行载荷分析

飞行载荷分析中综合考虑了结构大变形的几何非线性效应以及曲面气动力效应.飞机结构由相互连接的可以表征任意变形的几何非线性欧拉梁表示,升力面由展向以及弦向分布的涡环网格表示.计算时通过曲面网格动态跟踪结构的变形不断修改气动力影响系数矩阵,反复迭代求解气动力和结构变形直至结构变形收敛.给出了风洞试验机翼模型以及无约束定常平飞模型算例.计算结果表明:在小变形阶段该方法与线性计算方法的结果基本一致,非线性效应不明显;大变形阶段由于曲面气动力的非线性效应,计算结果与线性方法的有显著差别.分析表明该方法在大变形阶段的计算结果比线性结果更为合理,数值计算时间短,适合于工程快速分析.     

基于造型系统的曲面及二维域有限元网格剖分

介绍了一个基于几何造型系统的有限元分析前置处理系统．其主要功能是对几何造型系统的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面以及二维任意形体有限元网格划分．该系统可作为几何造型系统与有限元分析程序之间的接口．     

适应弯扭隔肋的涡轮叶片多种扰流肋造型方法

针对弯扭冷却通道内扰流肋的特点,提出了基于等距曲面的扰流肋造型方法,用隔肋等距面和叶盆或叶背等距面裁剪平板工具体得到肋条,以此为基础完成扰流肋建模.深入分析了该方法的原理;提出隔肋面自动识别和曲面匹配算法;提取了关键造型参数;给出了基于草图的参数化实现方法,并在UG上开发出了造型模块,实现了适应弯扭隔肋的多种扰流肋造型.      

基于造型系统的曲面及二维域有限元网格部分

介绍了一个基于几何造型系统的有限元分析前置处理系统。基信要功能是对几何造型系统的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面以及二维任意形体有限元网格划分，该系统可作为几何造型系统与有限元分析程序之间的接口。     

军机易损性分析中多重遮挡投影面积计算

利用B样条曲线曲面造型方法给出飞机及其各部件外形的数学模型,将其离散化为三角形面元,并采用改进的翼边拓扑结构来描述几何元素之间的关系.在此基础上,根据集合论中的包含互斥理论,提出了一种求取多个复杂几何形体在任意方向的投影面积的新算法.该算法可以有效地应用于飞机易损性分析计算中.实际应用表明该算法稳定、可靠,而且精度高.     

曲线曲面的若干几何处理基础算法研究

给出了实用的曲线曲面的离散、投影、直线－圆环求交，空间直线距离计算等算法，曲线用密切圆逼近，采用差商计算离散点参数，算法速度快，根据几何性质构造了点的投影及曲线投影跟踪算法，用拟牛顿法加大收敛范围，利用相关性减少迭代次数，采用矢量方法和局部坐标系技巧，如空间直线间距离计算，直线－圈环求交等常用算法十分简洁。     

曲率连续造型方法对激波噪声的影响机理

激波噪声是大涵道比涡扇发动机噪声的主要来源。为降低风扇/压气机叶片叶尖产生的激波噪声，对轴向亚音、相对超音的基元级叶型前缘脱体激波系进行研究。基于几何Hermit差值法（GHI）思想，提出一种3段式贝塞尔（Bezier）曲线构造曲率连续前缘叶型的方法，在完成改型设计时拥有更高的自由度。通过改变前缘上3段Bezier曲线间过渡点位置，探究局部曲率优化、整体曲率优化及带厚度补偿的改型方式对前缘处外伸激波强度和激波噪声的影响。通过对比研究不同数值模拟，结果表明：曲率连续前缘设计能减小叶型前缘处过膨胀区大小，减小由此产生的逆压梯度；局部曲率优化和整体曲率优化的方式能够分别在距前缘1倍弦长处降低噪声1.6 dB和4.6 dB。     

Aspects of Global Magnetospheric Processes

Magnetospheric global modeling is a method to link observations from distant regions via physical laws and has long played a unique and crucial role in space physics. It, different from computer simulations, represents the highest level of abstraction of the physical understanding of the processes that cause observed phenomena. It results in various specific models. While it appears in the form of cartoons, it is based on and has to be qualitatively consistent with physical laws. With the advancement of computer simulations, clues to the connection between physical laws and observation can be perceived much more easily than as ever before. However, computer simulation results are highly dependent on the used boundary conditions and numerical methods which may or may not represent the reality, even if the initial conditions are properly set. Therefore, simulations can easily mislead the investigations. Furthermore, a simulation result needs to be examined using diagnostic tools, such as field line tracing and streamline tracing programs. There are uncertainties in these diagnostic methods. The errors can be very large in certain areas under certain conditions. For example, a small error may link two different field lines or stream lines. The interpretations of the simulation results can be misled by these errors. The knowledge of global modeling can be useful in identifying the inconsistencies in the simulations and the flaws in the theoretical interpretation from the simulations. This review-tutorial article outlines the principles of the global modeling and discusses the successes and flaws of several global models.     

Recent progress in time–distance helioseismology

Time–distance helioseismology is one of the local helioseismology techniques that are used to derive the interior properties of the Sun. It has been used to study the structures and flow fields beneath sunspots on local scales, as well as used to derive interior rotational rates and meridional flow velocities on global scales. In addition to the efforts in improving time–distance measurements and inversions, theoretical modeling is also carried out to enhance the accuracy of sensitivity kernels. Recently, by use of realistic numerical simulation on solar convection, we have also started to investigate the validity of time–distance studies.     

考虑多故障的测试性建模改进方法

分析了测试性建模的现有方法及在工程应用中存在的不足.在信号流图方法的基础上,提出了一种测试性建模的改进方法.该方法支持单元的多故障模式设置,能够区分全局故障和局部故障,并允许设置全局故障沿单元特定信号流方向传递.给出了测试性模型的图形定义、隐含属性定义、相关性矩阵定义和相应的测试性分析推理方法.在此基础上,提出了基于高阶相关性分析的相关性矩阵生成改进算法.以某惯导系统为例进行了应用,建立了测试性图形模型并生成改进的相关性矩阵,与现有方法建立的相关性矩阵进行对比,结果验证了测试性建模改进方法的可行性和有效性.     

Regional VTEC modeling with multivariate adaptive regression splines

Different algorithms have been proposed for the modeling of the ionosphere. The most frequently used method is based on the spherical harmonic functions achieving successful results for global modeling but not for the local and regional applications due to the bounded spherical harmonic representation. Irregular data distribution and data gaps cause also difficulties in the global modeling of the ionosphere. In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to represent a new non-parametric approach for regional spatio-temporal mapping of the ionospheric electron density using ground-based GPS observations. MARS can handle very large data sets of observations and is an adaptive and flexible method, which can be applied to both linear and non-linear problems. The basis functions are directly obtained from the observations and have space partitioning property resulting in an adaptive model. This property helps to avoid numerical problems and computational inefficiency caused by the number of coefficients, which has to be increased to detect the local variations of the ionosphere. Since the fitting procedure is additive it does not require gridding and is able to process large amounts of data with large gaps. Additionally the model complexity can be controlled by the user via limiting the maximal number of coefficients and the order of products of the basis functions. In this study the MARS algorithm is applied to real data sets over Europe for regional ionosphere modeling. The results are compared with the results of Bernese GPS Software over the same region.     

火星车自主导航与路径规划技术研究

针对火星车工作任务环境,借鉴国外成功研究经验,给出了火星车自主导航敏感器配置,研究可在实际工程中应用的火星车自主导航与路径规划技术,包括DEM图构建与障碍物检测、全局路径规划、基于立体视觉相机的视觉里程计、多传感器融合位姿确定以及局部路径规划技术,并搭建了实验系统,在实验室内进行了仿真验证。相关研究结果可为我国后续开展火星车自主导航系统研究提供一定的基础。     

虚拟企业及虚拟企业中的信息共享管理

对虚拟企业的概念和特点进行了讨论,据此建立了虚拟企业的集成框架.分析了虚拟企业信息共享管理需求并详细阐述了一种通用的信息共享管理方案.该方案给以STEP(Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data)为产品模型的CAx系统提供了一种信息通讯方法,且由于使用了动态建摸技术和动态联编技术,方案具有柔性并能对虚拟企业中的信息共享进行有效的管理.     

一种全局的无关线性图嵌入故障特征提取算法

针对故障特征数据维数高、非线性且系统难以建立物理模型的故障诊断问题,提出了一种全局的无关线性图嵌入故障特征提取算法.通过监督学习建立原始特征的关系图,以线性图嵌入为框架进行特征降维.特征的降维过程既保留了同类数据的局部结构,又考虑了异类数据之间的全局分布,同时最大程度地消除了特征之间的统计相关性.在标准故障数据集上的实验结果表明:与已有的经典算法相比,能更有效地提取出故障的典型特征,因而更有利于故障诊断系统训练网络的快速收敛,实现快速、准确的故障诊断.     

Particle erosion mechanisms and mass redistribution in Saturn's rings

A variety of physical processes can erode the surfaces of planetary ring particles. According to current estimates, the most efficient of these over the bulk of Saturn's rings is hypervelocity impact by 100 micron to one centimeter radius meteoroids. The atoms, molecules, and fragments ejected from ring particles by erosion arc across the rings along elliptical orbits to produce a tenuous halo of solid ejecta and an extensive gaseous atmosphere. Continuous exchange of ejecta between different ring regions can lead to net radial transport of mass and angular momentum. The equations governing this ballistic transport process are presented and discussed. Both numerical and analytic studies of idealized ring systems illustrate that ballistic transport can cause significant mass redistribution in the rings, especially near regions of high density contrast, such as the inner edges of the A and B rings. Ejecta exchanges can also alter local particle sizes and compositions and may produce pulverized regoliths at least several centimeters deep. The meteoroid erosion rate is so high that significant global torques and mass loss are possible on times shorter than a solar system life time.     

重叠网格中隐式装配策略的改进

作为重叠网格技术的重要组成部分，隐式装配没有显式的“挖洞”过程，仅需在搜索贡献单元的同时通过对比不同单元的品质来分类单元。通过对传统隐式装配过程进行改进，提出了一种更高效的隐式装配策略，减少了贡献单元的搜索次数；同时，提出了一种基于笛卡儿网格映射的局部贡献单元搜索法，提高了网格装配效率。首先，针对每一个子网格，在计算其到自身物面的最短物面距离的同时也计算到其他所有物面的最短物面距离；然后，通过比较同一单元到不同物面的最短物面距离来控制洞边界的位置；最后，仅对插值单元进行局部的贡献单元搜索，避免了针对所有单元进行全局贡献单元搜索的过程。通过3个典型复杂流动算例验证了所提方法的准确性与高效性。