A nonlinear equivalent circuit method for analysis of passive intermodulation of mesh reflectors

Passive intermodulation(PIM) has gradually become a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-power and high-sensitivity RF/microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh reflector antennas. This paper proposes a field-circuit coupling method to analyze the PIM level of mesh reflectors. With the existence of many metal–metal(MM) contacts in mesh reflectors, the contact nonlinearity becomes the main reason for PIM generation. To analyze these potential PIM sources, an equivalent circuit model including nonlinear components is constructed to model a single MM contact so that the transient current through the MM contact point induced by incident electromagnetic waves can be calculated. Taking the electric current as a new electromagnetic wave source, the far-field scattering can be obtained by the use of electromagnetic numerical methods or the communication link method. Finally, a comparison between simulation and experimental results is illustrated to verify the validity of the proposed method.     

Satellite passive intermodulation: systems considerations

Passive intermodulation (PIM) occurring in multicarrier transmission systems can have deleterious effects on system performance by significantly increasing the noise level. An argument is presented for system-level testing for PIM, particularly for high-power communications satellites. In the past, two-carrier, component-level tests were employed to ensure that PIM would not degrade system S/N performance     

On Processing Optical Images Propagated Through the Atmosphere

The problem of how to process optical images that have propagated through a turbulent atmosphere is considered. It is assumed that either the object or its (free-space) scattered field at the receiving aperture is known, except for unknown parameters that are to be estimated. Isotropic and homogeneous turbulence as discussed by Tatarski and Chernov is assumed. It is assumed that a very short (in time) reception is made, that the turbulence-induced complex phase errors are either small or have a correlation distance short relative to the receiving aperture extent, and that the object is within an isoplanatic region. The method of maximum likelihood (ML) is used as a criterion; its applicability is discussed. The ML image-processing structure is found and is nonlinear. Asymptotic cases are examined; among other conclusions, it is shown that the ML processing of independent receptions is more complex than an ML processing of the sum of the receptions. A coherent optical system that realizes the ML image processor is described; it includes the capability to generate the scattered field. Simplifications are pointed out.     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

Flutter and gust response analysis of a wing model including geometric nonlinearities based on a modified structural ROM

In this paper, a framework is established for nonlinear flutter and gust response analyses based on an efficient Reduced Order Model (ROM). The proposed method can be used to solve the aeroelastic response problems of wings containing geometric nonlinearities. A structural modeling approach presented herein describes the stiffness nonlinearities with a modal formulation. Two orthogonal spanwise modes describe the foreshortening effects of the wing. Dynamic linearization of the ROM under nonlinear equilibrium states is applied to a nonlinear flutter analysis, and the fully nonlinear ROM coupled with the non-planar Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) is applied to gust response analysis. Furthermore, extended Precise Integration Method (PIM) ensures accuracy of the dynamic equation solutions. To demonstrate applicability and accuracy of the method presented, a wind tunnel test is conducted and good agreements between theoretical and test results of nonlinear flutter speed and gust response deflection are reached. The method described in this paper is suitable for predicting the nonlinear flutter speed and calculating the gust responses of a large-aspect-ratio wing in time domain. Meanwhile, the results derived highlight the effects of geometric nonlinearities obviously.     

MDA在海航对海作战仿真中的应用

海军航空兵对敌海上舰船的进攻战斗(对海突击作战),是海军进攻作战的主要样式之一．本文通过分析航空兵对海突击作战的特点,依照模型驱动体系结构(MDA)的思想,使用统一建模语言(UML)描述了对海突击作战所涉及的红蓝双方的兵力构成模型、兵力部署模型等,提出了该系统的平台独立模型(PIM);基于这些模型,讨论了如何使用MDA来构建对海突击作战的仿真软件系统。最后,使用MDA方法,构建了对海突击仿真系统。该系统现已投入实际使用。     

基于MDA的快速软件开发框架的研究

通过研究基于MDA的软件开发理念,分析和探讨了软件开发效率、系统移植、互操作性以及软件维护等突出问题。提出了一种软件开发框架,采用XML建立平台无关模型（PIM）,建立模型驱动运行时环境（MDR）,对PIM模型进行解析和执行,最终生成HTML页面。框架能够极大地提高开发效率,方便系统扩展和后期维护,有利于开发人员进行Web应用程序的二次开发。     

基于MDA的社区服务平台构建方法研究

为解决传统软件开发过程中的开发效率、系统移植、软件质量等诸多问题,以现代化社区服务平台开发为例,提出并实现了一种基于XML和MDA方法开发社区服务平台。首先利用XML对平台中的各功能模块建立各自的平台无关模型;然后用XML解析器将平台无关模型转换成相应的平台相关模型;最后按照一定的转换规则和工具将平台相关模型转换成具体的代码,从而实现整个社区服务平台。平台的实际使用验证了利用该方法开发的平台具有良好的稳定性和可扩展性。     

智能检测技术在靶场测控设备中的应用及前景

综合运用先进的GPS授时技术和数字仿真、虚拟仪器结构、可视化编程等计算机软件技术，构建新一代靶场智能型检测系统，解决对野外分散站点上测控设备进行检测、标校、监控和测控网通信联试等技术问题。着重阐述智能化检测技术在靶场的应用及发展趋势，为技术人员开发测试软件提供参考。     

基于Simplorer的机电伺服系统多学科协同仿真技术研究

航天机电伺服系统是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量系统。针对机电伺服系统单一仿真平台存在的仿真精度低以及多学科协同仿真存在的仿真效率低等问题,提出了在Simplorer的软件平台下建立功率变换部分的电力电子仿真模型,通过有限元分析和试验的方法确定电机和模拟负载装置的非线性参数特性曲线,实现电力电子、控制和电磁场的多学科协同仿真与虚拟试验。仿真与试验结果表明,所建立的协同仿真模型与试验结果的最大误差不超过15%,可提升机电伺服系统的参数优化设计能力和算法调试效率。     

旋翼桨尖形状对噪声影响量级的研究

在求解直升机旋翼流场的基础上,预测了旋翼悬停状态下的高速冲击远场噪声,并且针对不同桨尖形状所引起的气动噪声量级作了对比计算,分析了噪声产生机理,并提出了有利于降噪的方法,体现出旋翼CFD技术与Kirchhoff方法相结合的良好应用前景。     

大厚度翼型分离流场的稳定性探讨

基于k-ω的SST两方程湍流模型,求解了雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程获得定常和非定常气动力,耦合翼型弹性振动方程,在时间域内模拟了弹性支撑下的大厚度对称翼型流场及其翼型动态过程,研究结果发现：在所给定的雷诺数条件下,弹性支撑下的大厚度翼型在一定大迎角范围内存在分离流场稳态的转化现象,此结果的意义在于：1）同一基本迎角下的翼型分离涡存在多个稳态流场;2）弹性支撑的翼型在大迎角分离流条件下气动力在物理上本身就存在非唯一性,从一个新的角度解释了大迎角气动力测量中的分散性。     

Requirements for optimal glint reduction by diversity methods

Target “glint” (the difference between the phase-front gradient of the scattered field and the true target direction vector) is related to the analytic properties of the scattered field. The resulting model is used to reinterpret diversity methods for glint reduction and to more accurately specify system requirements. A relationship for estimating the best possible improvement in target bearing estimation is also developed     

Pointing Error Statistics in Optical Beam Tracking

In tracking optical beams from a source, a pointing error signal is derived from photodetecting the field in the receiver focal plane. This error signal is then used in some manner to control a gimballed system that continually points the receiver optics toward the source. When the source field undergoes turbulent transmission, the optical beam is attenuated and scattered, and the field is randomly defocused at the receiver. In this case the pointing error of the tracking system will evolve as a random vector process in time, statistically related to the random scattering, the photodetection process, and the dynamics of the gimballing system. Such vector processes have probability densities that satisfy well-known differential equations. These equations are derived in terms of accepted scattering models and tracking systems, assuming quadranttype error detectors are used in the focal plane. Approximate solutions are obtained and analyzed for typical operating conditions, and the manner in which the degree of scattering degrades the entire pointing operation is shown.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

变刚性支承转子的动力特性讨论

一、一种理想的转子稳态幅频线 一个转子如采用不同刚性的支承,则转子支承系统的幅频特性（r～ω）线不同。图1中虚线示出同一转子采用低刚性引和较高刚性K₂′支承时的幅频特性线1和2。有人想利用改变支承的方法来减小通过临界转速时的振动。方法是对图1（a）情况在转子角速度ω≤ω_Ⅰ时使支承刚性为k₂′,ω≥ω_Ⅰ时变支承刚性为K₁′;对图1（b）的情况则在ω≤ω_Ⅰ和ω_Ⅱ≤ω≤ω+Ⅲ支承刚性.      

The influence of the noise field on parametric oscillations of flexible square plates

This paper examines the impact of the external field intensity of white noise on the nonlinear dynamics of square plates under the longitudinal load. It is shown that in some cases, the noise of high intensity is able to reduce the number of frequencies in the oscillation spectrum of the system.     

一种基于承载效率准则的复合材料机翼结构布局优化方法(英文)

提出一种针对大型复合材料机翼结构的二级布局优化策略。系统级根据结构形变调整设计指标,子系统级优化结构布局以满足系统级约束。将机翼壁板中各种临界失效载荷的接近程度作为评判结构效率的标准,通过将结构效率作为优化目标,保证了所求解问题的连续性。加筋壁板通过等效的正交异性板模拟,并根据能量原理预测总体失稳载荷。讨论了加强筋支持弹性对于蒙皮抵抗局部失稳性能的影响,并通过神经网络代理模型对其进行逼近。采用解析模型对失效特性做出评估,减少了计算资源的占用。最后以一种大型机翼结构的综合优化作为算例,计算结果满足设计要求,验证了该方法的可行性。     

低频电动振动台的关键技术

简要介绍了低频电动振动台校准系统的结构和工作原理，分析了其存在非线性的原因。针对这些因素提出了在整个系统特别是对其核心——低频电动振动台的研制设计过程中应采取的措施、改进的方法和关键技术。     

基于小波神经网络的自适应飞/推控制系统设计

基于小波神经网络提出了一种H∞自适应控制方法。控制器由等效控制器和H∞控制器两部分组成。用小波神经网络逼近非线性函数,并把逼近误差引入到权值的自适应律中用以改善系统的动态性能。H∞控制器用于减弱外部及神经网络的逼近误差对跟踪的影响。所设计的控制器不仅保证了闭环系统的稳定性,而且使外部干扰及神经网络的逼近误差对跟踪的影响减小到给定的性能指标。最后基于所设计的控制方法对新一代歼击机设计了飞/推控制系统,并对飞机作大迎角机动仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的飞/推控制系统是有效的,同时验证了所设计的非线性控制方法是有效性的。