面向多级中断系统的任务最差响应时间分析

针对航天嵌入式系统中存在多级中断情况下的时间分析问题,提出了中断与任务混合的响应时间计算模型。该模型中断与任务使用统一的优先级定义,将多级中断嵌套的响应时间分析与任务嵌套的响应时间分析相结合,推导出了混合模型下响应时间计算公式。并进一步比较了中断与任务的异同,阐述了公式中关键参数的含义与计算方法。最后利用开源的LEON3平台和Modelsim软件对所述方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明,任务最差响应时间过估小于5%,可以得到准确的分析结果,有较高的工程应用价值。     

一种星载计算机秒中断间隔可控的校时方法

传统的星载计算机时间维护主要由软件实现，为了避免校时过程中秒中断间隔过小或过大，软件需要通过复杂的逻辑和算法对外部计时器Intel 82C54芯片进行多次操作才能实现一次校时，较容易出错，且占用CPU机时较多。随着未来航天器智能处理的任务越来越多，CPU机时越来越紧张，为了将CPU从繁琐的校时操作中解放，提出了一种基于FPGA的秒中断间隔可控的校时方法。通过FPGA逻辑电路设计星时计时器，利用秒中断间隔约束条件设计校时触发条件，当满足校时触发条件时，FPGA逻辑电路自动实现校时操作，很好地解决了校时过程中秒中断间隔过大或过小的问题，节约了CPU机时。该校时方法已在多台星载计算机上应用，取得了较好的效果。     

一种面向动态需求的多优先级天文观测卫星任务重规划方法

针对多优先级天文观测卫星任务动态规划问题，分析了高优先级任务动态插入以及未知事件中断原任务规划方案执行的情况，研究了原任务规划方案相应的动态规划问题.在关于SVOM （Space multi-band Variable Object Monitor）卫星任务规划系统的研究中，针对单星机遇目标任务重规划问题，提出一种基于滚动优化策略的任务重规划求解方案.在每个滚动周期内，优先安排高优先级动态到达任务，回滚处理原方案中受未知事件和高优先级机遇目标影响的任务，或者删除原方案中受影响的任务.目标函数综合考虑了全年卫星任务规划总时长和机遇目标的规划总时长.仿真验证结果表明，本文设计方法对于快速响应高优先级机遇目标以及提高服务质量具有一定意义.      

一种提高PCI总线数据传输速率方法的设计与实现CSCD

为提高PCI总线数据传输速率,本文提出并设计了新的PCI桥驱动程序,在数捷传输的过程中,将中断信号作为数据准备就绪。根据软件层的结构框架,在驱动层中实现中断响应,启动DMA控制器开始数据的传输。测试结果表明,采用本课题设计的驱动代替PLX官方的驱动后,数据传输速率提高了近5倍。     

基于时间自动机的操作系统中断管理建模与验证

时序正确性问题一直以来都是航天嵌入式软件的热点、难点问题.运用时间自动机理论,对某星载操作系统的中断管理进行了建模,同时对与操作系统行为存在交互的环境进行了建模,以描述完整的中断管理过程.利用模型检测工具箱Uppaal验证了中断管理模块的状态可达性、安全性、活性等方面的性质,证明了其服务行为的正确性.     

天基信息港的多源信息融合任务调度研究

在天基信息港上实现多源信息融合,可以将数据的传输与处理集中在星上,减少了数据处理中心接收和分发数据的传输时间,提高了信息获取的时效性。考虑到任务高时效性的需求及天基信息港的资源受限,文章提出了天基信息港的多源信息融合任务调度问题,通过分析多源信息融合任务流程、天基信息港的资源特征,以最小化任务完成时间为优化目标,建立了天基信息港的多源信息融合任务调度模型,并设计了一种多机循环插入（Multi-machine Circular Insertion,MCI）算法对模型求解。仿真结果表明,该算法相比于列表调度算法能够平均减少10.8%的任务完成时间,算法运行时间大约为遗传算法的1/20,表明该算法能够满足天基信息港任务调度的高时效性要求。     

一种不等差错保护的多用户随机接入方法

针对在随机接入中由于碰撞导致吞吐率低、信道拥塞时不能满足高优先级数据有效传输的问题,提出一种具有不等差错保护性能的多用户随机接入方法。该方法将数据包复制多份,根据选定的度分布在不同时隙中传输,将随机接入过程映射到二分图上;接收端利用连续干扰消除(SIC)技术,将碰撞的数据包恢复出来。在高链路负载下,从每帧中选取若干时隙,只允许高优先级用户接入,以提高对高优先级数据包的译码概率。使用"与或树"理论对提出的方法进行了理论分析,并进行了实验仿真验证。仿真结果表明:提出的多用户随机接入方法与传统ALOHA协议相比,在低链路负载下有效避免由于碰撞引起的吞吐率下降;与IRSA协议相比,高链路负载下有效提高高优先级用户的吞吐率。     

光纤通道网络实时性能分析

针对航空电子光纤通道网络的实时性问题,建立了光纤通道的网络演算模型,分析了在交换机不同服务策略下系统各类数据流的延迟上界情况,给出了计算在交换机不同服务策略下各类数据流延迟上限的数学方法.分析结果表明与先到先服务(FCFS,First Come First Service)服务策略相比,非抢占式静态优先级(NPP,Non-Preemptive Priority)服务策略可以降低高优先级数据的延迟上界,能更好地满足高优先级数据的强实时性要求.通过与仿真结果比较可知,仿真结果与此数学方法的分析结果一致,此方法适于分析系统中各类消息的延迟上界情况,可用于光纤通道网络设计和性能评价.      

基于深度强化学习的航天器多约束规避动作快速规划

航天器规避机动过程中面临多种复杂约束条件,传统基于数值优化的动作规划方法在处理相应模型和约束条件时存在初值敏感、计算时间较长等问题,难以对近距离轨道威胁做出及时反应.针对该问题,本文提出一种基于深度强化学习的航天器多约束规避动作规划方法.建立航天器六自由度非线性动力学模型以及相应姿轨机动约束条件;建立基于双延迟深度确定性策略梯度(TD3)的动作规划方法,通过TD3训练得到的神经网络在线生成满足多种约束条件的规避机动动作;构造与规划方法相适配的深度强化学习规范化训练环境,确保学习训练过程中智能体和环境的有效交互.仿真结果表明,所提方法能在预期交会时间仅数十秒的情况下快速实时生成规避动作,规划周期小于9 ms,远低于作为对比项的高斯伪谱法.     

风云二号卫星 CDAS 编码遥测机的设计

ＦＹ－２气象卫星指令与数据获取站（ＣＤＡＳ）中的编码遥测机作为卫星监测系统,解调卫星的编码遥测信号,实时获取星上编码遥测数据,以便分析和掌握整个卫星的工作情况,对卫星进行正确的管理和使用。解调后的数据也送到运行控制中心（ＳＯＣＣ）。采用双机热备份提高系统的可靠性。给出设计可靠的编码遥测地面系统的方法,包括副载波解调、ＩＲＩＧ－Ｂ型时统码解调、帧同步锁定,用计算机实时分析遥测数据等。     

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达航天器时间测量

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间(TOA)的空间测量是航天器自主导航和用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准的基础.在简要介绍地面射电观测TOA测量方法基础上,重点研究了X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间的空间测量方法和算法.讨论了利用X射线脉冲星辐射光子到达时间观测,建立X射线脉冲轮廓的方法;给出了通过观测得到的X射线脉冲轮廓与标准脉冲轮廓比较,精确确定TOA的测量方法和实用算法.讨论了削弱多普勒效应对TOA测量影响的方法.      

航天器C51语言软件中断资源冲突分析方法

对航天器C51语言软件中常见的3种中断资源访问冲突情况进行了归纳总结.由目前软件资源冲突分析方法的比较结果,提出基于静态分析技术的C51语言软件资源访问冲突分析方法,并针对上述情况给出了具体分析流程.该方法可以解决多种C51语言软件中断资源访问冲突问题,也可以推广到其他处理器.     

Autonomous navigation using the TDRSS Onboard Navigation System (TONS)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is currently developing a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) System (TDRSS) Onboard Navigation System (TONS) to provide onboard knowledge of highly accurate navigation products autonomously to users of TDRSS. The TONS I operational system processes Doppler data derived from scheduled forward-link S-band services to provide onboard orbit and frequency determination and time maintenance. TONS I is implemented using a stable onboard frequency reference, a Doppler measurement capability in the user transponder, and onboard navigation/signal acquisition software. The success of the TONS experiment (1992/1993), which was implemented on the Explorer Platform/Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EP/EUVE) spacecraft, demonstrated the flight readiness of TONS I. TONS II-A provides the user with additional Doppler data derived from an S-band beacon signal, available approximately 80 percent of the time. This paper describes the TONS operational capabilities, configurations, and expected performance.     

基于Event B的中断管理需求和设计形式化建模与验证方法

随着软件复杂度的迅速增长,传统的基于测试的方法逐渐难以满足航天器操作系统的可靠性和安全性需求,形式化方法逐渐成为航天器操作系统安全可靠性的有效保障.基于Rodin平台,采用Event B形式化语言,通过需求和设计重写、制定精化策略并逐步精化的方法,对航天嵌入式操作系统SpaceOS2的中断管理模块建立了需求层和设计层形式化模型,将模型检验和定理证明相结合,验证模型的正确性并且满足安全性质.     

频率修正法精确控制计算机时间

详细介绍了计算机的计时原理,并提出以外部时间基准作参考,通过修正计算机BIOS计时中断周期的方法,达到修正系统时钟频率的目的,从而实现对计算机时间的精确控制。文中还对该方法的软件设计与实现进行了详细说明,并列举出实际测试结果,验证了该方法的合理性与有效性,表明该方法是目前利用软件进行计算机时间校准的最佳方案。     

Formation flying for magnetic sails around artificial equilibrium points

This paper investigates the problem of magnetic sail-based spacecraft formation control around the artificial equilibrium points (AEPs), which can eliminate the requirement of the propellant. The thrusts are achieved by utilizing the interaction between the solar wind and the artificial magnetosphere generated by superconducting current coil onboard. The circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) of magnetic sail is discussed including the allowed regions and linear stability of AEPs, the locations of collinear AEPs and the possibility of existence of periodic orbits around the collinear AEPs. Next, the dynamical models of magnetic sail formation around the collinear AEPs are established. A novel fast fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (FFNTSM) based on fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is developed to account for external disturbances. Several numerical simulations are conducted to substantiate that spacecraft formation can be precisely controlled by the proposed propellantless propulsion method in the presence of external disturbances.     

Decay rate of the second radiation belt.

Variations in the Earth's trapped (Van Allen) belts produced by solar flare particle events are not well understood. Few observations of increases in particle populations have been reported. This is particularly true for effects in low Earth orbit, where manned spaceflights are conducted. This paper reports the existence of a second proton belt and it's subsequent decay as measured by a tissue-equivalent proportional counter and a particle spectrometer on five Space Shuttle flights covering an eighteen-month period. The creation of this second belt is attributed to the injection of particles from a solar particle event which occurred at 2246 UT, March 22, 1991. Comparisons with observations onboard the Russian Mir space station and other unmanned satellites are made. Shuttle measurements and data from other spacecraft are used to determine that the e-folding time of the peak of the second proton belt. It was ten months. Proton populations in the second belt returned to values of quiescent times within eighteen months. The increase in absorbed dose attributed to protons in the second belt was approximately 20%. Passive dosimeter measurements were in good agreement with this value.     

Science objectives of the magnetic field experiment onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft

The Aditya-L1 is first Indian solar mission scheduled to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrangian point (L1) of Sun-Earth system in the year 2018–19. The approved scientific payloads onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft includes a Fluxgate Digital Magnetometer (FGM) to measure the local magnetic field which is necessary to supplement the outcome of other scientific experiments onboard. The in-situ vector magnetic field data at L1 is essential for better understanding of the data provided by the particle and plasma analysis experiments, onboard Aditya-L1 mission. Also, the dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can be better understood with the help of in-situ magnetic field data at the L1 point region. This data will also serve as crucial input for the short lead-time space weather forecasting models.The proposed FGM is a dual range magnetic sensor on a 6?m long boom mounted on the Sun viewing panel deck and configured to deploy along the negative roll direction of the spacecraft. Two sets of sensors (tri-axial each) are proposed to be mounted, one at the tip of boom (6?m from the spacecraft) and other, midway (3?m from the spacecraft). The main science objective of this experiment is to measure the magnitude and nature of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) locally and to study the disturbed magnetic conditions and extreme solar events by detecting the CME from Sun as a transient event. The proposed secondary science objectives are to study the impact of interplanetary structures and shock solar wind interaction on geo-space environment and to detect low frequency plasma waves emanating from the solar corona at L1 point. This will provide a better understanding on how the Sun affects interplanetary space.In this paper, we shall give the main scientific objectives of the magnetic field experiment and brief technical details of the FGM onboard Aditya-1 spacecraft.