组合卫星导航系统的快速选星方法

分析了选星数目与几何精度因子(GDOP, Geometry Dilution of Precision)及导航运算量的关系,基于遗传算法提出了一种以满足用户定位精度需求为条件的快速选星方法——快速遗传选星法.根据用户需求确定选星数目初值、选星数目最大值和GDOP阈值,构造选星方案的初始种群,在进化代数上限为1的条件下对种群进行选择、交叉和变异运算,获得初始选星解,根据初始解的GDOP与阈值的关系确定是否依据GDOP最小原则对初始解进行优化,直至满足算法终止条件,输出选星解.仿真结果表明,该算法可以在一次进化之内以不低于92.45%的概率满足GDOP阈值在2.5~6的要求,同时可有效降低54.75%以上的导航运算量.      

基于混沌粒子群优化的北斗/GPS组合导航选星算法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）接收机在接收信号的过程中会受到诸如建筑物遮挡、信号干扰等因素的影响,无法得到全部可见星。为减轻多星座组合接收机的处理负担,研究利用部分可见卫星进行定位的快速选星算法,提出了一种基于混沌粒子群优化（CPSO）的北斗/GPS组合导航选星算法。首先,对当前历元时刻可见卫星进行连续编码,按照选星数目分组,每个分组视为一个粒子。然后,通过混沌映射初始化粒子种群,选取几何精度因子（GDOP）作为评价粒子优劣的适应度函数;粒子通过粒子群优化算法的速度-位移模型更新自身位置,逐渐趋近空间卫星几何分布较好的卫星组合全局最优解。最后,采集北斗/GPS实际数据对选星算法进行仿真验证和性能比较,结果表明,所提算法在选星颗数多于5颗时,单次选星耗时为遍历法选星的37.5%,选星结果的几何精度因子计算误差在0~0.6之间。该算法可适用于北斗/GPS组合导航定位不同选星颗数的情况。      

基于并行遗传算法的高轨卫星导航选星方法

高轨航天器自主导航能力在北斗三号卫星导航系统建成后得到了增强，但是也带来了部分时刻可见星数量冗余的问题。为降低运算量以保证服务的实时性，提出一种利用多种群并行遗传算法(PGA)进行快速选择当前最优可见星组合的方法。该方法将加权精度因子(WDOP)作为适应度评判标准，利用粗粒度式并行划分成的多个子种群进行搜索加速，并通过变异因子差异化设置与子种群间的信息交流来提高搜索能力。对多个典型高轨环境下7颗及以上选星任务的仿真测试表明，基于PGA的选星方法解相比遍历法所求最优解绝对误差平均值小于0.1，相对误差最大不超过1%。仿真结果表明，在典型高轨环境F1接收机利用四系统组合导航时，所提方法可以有效地快速、准确完成指定卫星数的选星任务。     

基于帝国竞争优化的双目标综合决策选星算法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）的应用前景已经得到世界各国的普遍承认,其应用领域也趋于多样化,在此背景下,卫星接收机也要求其具有更快的解算速度和可靠的精度。针对目前多数接收机的选星算法都是固定选星数目从而限制算法机动性的问题,提出基于帝国竞争优化算法（ICA）的双目标综合决策选星算法。为了更好获取几何构型较好的卫星星座,引入可见卫星的卫星仰角和方向角先验信息,进行先验性约束,通过构建几何精度因子（GDOP）以及选星数目2个目标,进行综合决策的快速选星,提高了选星的灵活度,并且在满足用户精度的要求下减轻了多星座卫星接收机的计算负担。通过仿真实验和实测数据对双目标综合决策选星算法验证的结果表明:所提算法在高度截止角5°下引入先验性约束条件后平均选星数目在仿真数据和实测数据中缩减率分别为51.8%和45.4%,平均GDOP值较无约束下分别减少0.209 2和0.248 4。同时,所提算法单次选星平均耗时分别为0.168 4 s和0.303 1 s,与遍历法的选星耗时4 s相比,提高了95.79%和92.42%。      

PSO选星算法参数分析与改进

多星座组合导航提供更多的可用卫星,但也增大接收机计算复杂度,选取部分可见星代替全部可见星进行接收机位置解算成为选星算法研究的热点。粒子群优化（PSO）选星算法将PSO算法引入到选星过程中,该方法能够减少选星时间,实现北斗/GPS组合星座快速选星。研究了该算法的关键参数包括惯性权重因子、加速系数、种群大小等对PSO选星算法性能的影响,并针对搜索过程容易陷入局部最优问题,提出自适应模拟退火粒子群优化（ASAPSO）选星算法,该算法通过引入随适应值大小自适应调整进化参数及结合模拟退火算法调整粒子速度,以增强算法跳出局部极值的能力。采用实际数据对算法进行验证,结果表明:ASAPSO选星算法在保证选星时间的同时,能够提高算法搜索结果的准确性,其性能优于PSO选星算法。      

改进粒子群优化的卫星导航选星算法

为提高选星算法的性能,提出一种基于人工鱼群算法的粒子群优化（PSO）选星算法。该算法利用人工鱼群算法良好的全局收敛特性,克服了粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优的缺点。将每种卫星组合看作空间中的一个粒子,选取几何精度因子（GDOP）作为适应度函数。利用所提算法更新粒子自身位置,优化卫星组合与几何精度因子。利用实际数据对所提算法进行验证和对比,结果表明:改进的选星算法在保障选星效率的同时,选星结果的准确性优于标准的粒子群优化选星算法。      

一种基于三正交主轴平面的快速星图模拟方法

为在地面上进行星图模拟以测试星图识别算法和星敏感器性能, 提出了一种新的快速星图模拟方法. 该方法利用截面圆和固定区域的性质, 将单位天球按照三个正交主轴平面进行等分, 根据赤纬值求解恒星矢量与主轴平面夹角来确定选星条件, 进而根据坐标变换原理进行星图模拟. 为验证所提方法与现有方法相比的优势, 进行了大量的仿真实验. 实验结果表明, 与现有星图模拟方法相比, 本文方法在保证星图模拟精度的条件下, 选星速度提高了3倍以上.      

一种基于多虚拟观测量的组合导航自主完好性监测方法

完好性用于导航系统出现故障的情况下提供及时的告警,是生命安全类用户需要考虑的重要性能指标.基于惯性导航系统(INS)辅助的卫星导航自主完好性监测算法,提出了一种利用INS构造3颗虚拟卫星观测量的组合导航系统自主完好性监测方法,通过构造视线方向相互垂直的3颗卫星,最大限度利用组合导航中INS的导航信息,在2颗可见星条件下...     

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另两颗团星 - 2卫星于 8月 10日从拜科努尔航天发射中心升空　继 7月 16日欧空局头两颗团星 - 2卫星 (“萨尔萨”和“桑巴”)发射成功后 ,另两颗团星 - 2(“伦巴”和“探戈”)也顺利升空。后者于8月 15日与前者在太空会合 ,共同对环绕地球的磁层和太阳表面活动情况进行监测 ,从而使欧洲全面参与对地球和太阳关系及太空天气的观测活动。这 4颗卫星每颗直径为 2 .9m ,高 1.3 m,重 1.2 t,携带 11种仪器。其外形看起来像 1个巨大的盘子。它们在距地球 2 5 .5 Mm～ 12 5 Mm高空的椭圆轨道上保持等距离编队飞行 ,在太空构成正四面体 ,联合起来大…     

无线电伪距导航系统GDOP扩展研究

GDOP 是衡量导航系统精度的一个重要指标, 但随着导航系统从单一向复合的发展, 不同工作模式的系统被有机结合起来, 形成了多种组合或耦合的系统, 而这些系统的GDOP参数从定义到计算都变得异常复杂, 限制了其进一步的应用. 因此, 本文从GDOP 的数值计算出发, 将GDOP 计算转化成求解不同的线性方程, 将组合不同的系统转化为计算中的约束条件, 解决了不同系统组合的GDOP 计算问题, 拓展了GDOP 理论, 也为其广泛应用奠定了基础.      

基于GPS/北斗组合系统的高轨卫星定位技术研究

针对目前高轨GPS信号可用性差及定位精度低的特点, 对GPS/北斗组合系统的 高轨卫星定位技术进行研究, 对比分析了单GPS系统与GPS/北斗组合系统的卫 星可见性和几何精度因子. 结果表明, GPS/北斗组合系统比单GPS系统的卫星可 见性好, 且定位精度高. 同时通过提出在星载接收机上采用高精度原子钟, 可实现三星定位, 降低对接收机的技术要求.      

Minimum of PDOP and its applications in inter-satellite links (ISL) establishment of Walker-δ constellation

Within the next decade, there will be a number of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) available, i.e. modernized GPS, Galileo, restored GLONASS, BeiDou and many other regional GNSS augmentation systems. Thus, measurement redundancies and geometry of the satellites can be improved. GDOP (Geometric Dilution of Precision) and PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision) are associated with the constellation geometry of satellites, and they are the geometrically determined factors that describe the effect of geometry on the relationship between measurement error and position error. GDOP and PDOP are often used as standards for selecting good satellites to meet the desired positioning precision. In this paper, the related conclusions of minimum of GDOP which was discussed are given, and it is used to study the minimum of PDOP for two cases that the receiver is on the earth’s surface and the receiver is on satellite. The corresponding theorem and constructive solutions of minimum of PDOP are given. Then, the rationality of the ISL (inter-satellite link) establishment criteria in Walker-δ constellation is discussed by using the theory of minimum of PDOP. Finally, the minimum of PDOP is calculated when the number of satellites is 4–10, and these results are verified by using Monte Carlo method.     

基于最小二乘递推估计的GPS定位算法

首先从理论上证明了几何精度因子随卫星数目的增加而减小.然后提出了基于现有软件的几何精度因子和定位解的递推算法.该算法从剩余的可见卫星中选取使GDOP₅达到最小的第五颗星,利用这颗卫星提供的定位信息对四星定位解进行修正.最后给出了第五颗星的选择方法,算法的目的是以最小的计算量换取定位精度的有效提高.     

用于识别两颗故障卫星的RAIM算法

提出了一种可以识别两颗故障卫星的接收机自主完好性监测算法.将最优奇偶矢量法应用于两颗故障卫星识别,指出由于故障偏差可能会抵消而使得正确识别率较低.对最优奇偶矢量法进行了改进,利用对单颗卫星故障敏感的最优奇偶矢量对所有可能的两颗故障卫星组合分别构造两个新的奇偶矢量,用于两颗故障卫星的检测和识别.计算机仿真结果显示,改进后的算法与直接利用最优奇偶矢量法相比,可以显著提高两颗故障卫星正确识别率,识别率可超过90%.同时,改进算法的奇偶矢量构造方法简单,计算量将减少90%以上,更有利于工程实现.      

Precise orbit determination and precision comparison for FY3C and FY3D with receiver antenna GPS and BDS PCV using spaceborne BDS and GPS observation data

The FY3C and FY3D satellites were equipped with global navigation satellite occultation detector (GNOS) receivers that received both GPS and BDS-2 signals. For further improving precise orbit determination (POD) precisions, we estimated receiver GPS and BDS signal phase center variations (PCV) models with 2° and 5° resolutions and set the different weights for GPS and BDS-2 observations in the combined POD. The BDS-based POD precision using BDS-2 satellite antenna phase center offset (PCO) values from the China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO) are not as accurate as those obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS experiments project (MGEX). The estimated receiver GPS and BDS PCV models with 2° and 5° resolutions were estimated from the GPS phase residuals of GPS-based POD and BDS phase residuals of combined POD, respectively. In most cases, the POD precisions using the estimated PCVs with 2° resolution are superior to those with 5° resolution. The precisions of the BDS-based POD and combined POD were both improved by introducing the receiver BDS PCV models. The weighting for GPS and BDS-2 observations can further improve the precision of the combined POD. The tested results of selected weights are better than those with equal weight in the combined POD. The experiment results show that orbital precisions of FY3C are worse than those of FY3D.     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

Estimation of QZSS differential code biases using QZSS/GPS combined observations from MGEX

As an important error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and ionospheric modeling, the differential code biases (DCB) need to be estimated accurately, e.g., the regional Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS). In this paper, the DCB of QZSS is estimated by adopting the global ionospheric modeling method based on QZSS/GPS combined observations from Multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX). The performance of QZSS satellite and receiver DCB is analyzed with observations from day of year (DOY) 275–364, 2018. Good agreement between our estimated QZSS satellite DCB and the products from DLR and CAS is obtained. The bias and root mean square (RMS) of DCB are mostly within ±0.3 ns. The day-to-day fluctuation of the DCB time series is less than 0.5 ns with about 96% of the cases for all satellites. However, the receiver DCB is a little less stable than satellite DCB, and their standard deviations (STDs) are within 1.9 ns. The result shows that the stability of the receiver DCBs is not significantly related to the types of receiver or antenna.