Space: a challenge for Europe

This Viewpoint presents an industrial perspective of the policies needed to support and advance the capabilities and competitiveness of the European space industry. It is argued that Europe needs a coordinated longterm space policy to help create the climate in which industry can invest in and exploit space. Europe must also accelerate the development of advanced technology products and services, improve its competitiveness in applications and commercial markets including launchers, and secure fair and reliable international partnerships in in-orbit infrastructure and manned space activities. To this end European governments are urged to acknowledge the increasing political, economic and military importance of space and their continuing governance of space activities, and to establish mechanisms that promote industrial competitiveness; the development of the commercial sector; autonomy in key technologies; and international partnerships which are fair and affordable.     

欧洲航天动力规划与我国空间推进技术发展对策

在法国凡尔塞举行的第六届国际空间会议上,欧洲航天比较详尽地向世界展示了其航天动力技术的过去、现在和未来.本文记录了本次会议的情况,分析了当前国内外航天动力的发展趋势和我国空间推进技术现状,提出了我国空间推进技术的发展建议.     

Space traffic control: a view of the future

This paper provides an overview of a system for providing reliable, ongoing, timely situational awareness services to satellite operators. Such services would include close approach warnings, warnings of potential radio frequency interference, and other offerings designed to help make operators aware of possible threats to the safe operation of their spacecraft and measures they can take to lessen these threats. The paper discusses current trends, proposes operational requirements, and speculates on the type of organization that may emerge to provide space traffic control services. It highlights how the detailed information required for such services may affect the evolution of the use of space.     

欧洲航天政策决议

理事会考虑到欧洲共同体和欧洲空间局之间2004年5月开始生效的《框架协议》以及双方日益增加的合作,忆及2004年11月25日、2005年6月7日和2005年11月28日“航天理事会”会议所确立的方向,忆及2005年欧空局部长级理事会会议的决定以及2006年欧洲共同体《第七框架计划》获得通过,表明了支持发展“全球环境与安全监测”(GMES)之空间部分及GMES数据访问的长期决心,考虑到联合国《外层空间条约》的框架,     

Space for science, enterprise and environment: the UK draft Space Strategy

For the UK, space is primarily a means to an end and not an end in itself. This approach has been described as utilitarian. The British National Space Centre describes it as user oriented: the purpose of going into space should be to provide cost-effective information or services to the users, whether these are the science community, commercial operators and customers, or public sector bodies. The new draft UK Space Strategy, published on 22 January 2003, provides the underpinning rationale for this approach, which derives in part from the very individual way in which the UK organises its interests in space.     

法国等欧洲国家空间立法的新发展及其启示

<正>欧洲在外层空间活动领域占有重要地位。欧洲的法国、英国、德国、意大利等空间大国在空间领域表现较为活跃;同时,欧洲拥有全球第一个区域性政府间空间合作组织欧洲空间局(ESA),该局作为一个强有力的协调机构来推进空间合作项目。     

管窥欧洲航天科研基地与设施建设

欧洲航天对科研基地及其关键科研设施极其重视,科研经费在总投资费用中占有最大的份额．投入到科研设备设施和人员的比例也要比其他方面的投资多。     

The integrated applications promotion: A new field of action for the European Space Agency

Since ESA's establishment the context in which it operates has evolved greatly, from one of development of technologies and general competence to one of responding to the needs of an increasingly wide range of users, many of whose requirements straddle several applications categories. The IAP programme is ESA's response to this challenge, aimed at fostering the growth of a downstream industry, creating a market for the space industry and serving economic growth overall. The programme's structure and the platforms themselves are described and the programme's achievements and prospects presented. Its success testifies to ESA's continuing ability to adapt to changing environments and operate effectively in new sectors.     

发展经济、造福社会，保持航天优势地位——解读《英国民用航天发展战略（2008～2012及更远）》

2008年初,英国政府颁布了《英国民用航天发展战略（2008—2012及更远）》（以下简称《战略》——编者注）。《战略》是由英国国家航天中心（BNSC）研究提出,经过英国创新、大学与技能部批准通过。《战略》赋予了英国国家航天中心在推动民用航天发展战略方面的领导职能。     

国外航天运输系统发展战略和趋势分析

作为航天技术的基础,航天运输系统的技术水平代表着一个国家自主进出空间的能力。确保安全、可靠、快速、机动、廉价、环保地进出空间,不仅是未来实现迅速部署、重构、扩充和维护航天器的基础,也是大规模开发利用空间资源的前提。当前航天运输系统的发展正处于一个能力转型阶段,航天运输系统的概念、任务和总体技术要求都发生着根本性变化。     

Cross-cultural issues in space operations: A survey study among ground personnel of the European Space Agency

Today's space operations involve co-working of people with different ethnical, professional and organisational backgrounds. The aim of this study was to examine the implications of cultural diversity for efficient collaboration within the European Space Agency (ESA), and between ESA employees and representatives from other agencies. ESA employees from European countries (N=576) answered to the CULT Ground Survey. The results showed that differences in relation to leadership and decision making were the most important issues thought to interfere with efficient co-working within ESA, and between ESA employees and colleagues from other agencies. Employees who collaborated with more than three nationalities within ESA indicated most challenges in co-working due to differences in compliance, behavioural norms and competitiveness. Challenges in co-working differed between agencies, and these differences were consistent with value differences in the national populations. The results may have applied value for training of European employees working in international space program teams.     

俄罗斯航天发展战略与管理体制的调整

一、前苏联与美国开展空间军备竞赛的发展战略造成了航天的畸形发展，俄罗斯从前苏联继承的航天工业面临着崩溃的危险 俄罗斯的前身苏联为了政治和军事上的需要，为了争夺超级大国地位，冷战时期一直奉行与美国争夺航天领先地位的发展战略。航天科技工业是前苏联少数几个处于世界领先地位的领域之一，前苏联采取了集中力量优先发展军事航天工业的策略。国防会议是前苏联导弹航天政策和计划的最高决策机构，由苏共中央总书记任主席，部长会议主席任副主席。通用机器制造部主管战略导弹、运载火箭和航天器的研制与生产。前苏联航天计划经费都…     

中国航天的发展战略和重点领域

一、中国航天的政府管理航天事业创建50年来,在党中央、国务院的领导下,为适应不同发展阶段和任务的需求,伴随着我国国防科技工业的发展,其管理体制经历了多次变迁。直至1998年,为适应社会主义市场经济体制的要求,按照政企分开、供需分开的原则,新成立了国务院领导下的国防科工     

基于IPv6 和空间包协议的空间路由策略设计与分析

针对卫星星内和星间一体化组网问题,结合已有的智能化航天器综合电子系统协议体系架构,提出了基于IPv6和空间包协议的空间路由策略。该策略借鉴IPv4和IPv6的隧道机制,利用空间包局部信息与IPv6全局信息的映射完成协议封装。以星载路由器为核心搭建演示验证系统,通过典型实例验证该策略具有一体化组网的可行性。在分析策略存在的灵活性问题基础上,提出了定制空间包格式、修改协议信息表的优化措施。该策略的设计与其在星载路由器中的实现,可为我国天地一体化信息网络的构建提供参考。     

Development Trend and Strategy of Space Technology in the 21st Century

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中国航天产业研发--战略、政策和中欧合作

5月13日,由中国国家科技部、欧盟委员会科研总司、欧盟轮值主席国卢森堡大公国政府共同主办的中欧科技战略高层论坛在北京人民大会堂举办。航天科技集团公司总经理张庆伟在此次论坛上做了题为《中国航天产业研发———战略、政策和中欧合作》的演讲,从战略与政策、国际合作的历史与现状、中欧合作建议和结论等方面进行了论述。本刊特此全文登出,以飨读者。     

美国外空军备控制立场及策略分析

研究了美国在其确保全球领导地位,谋求外空优势的战略背景下制定的外空军备控制主要态度立场和控制策略。分析了美国当前在航天发展方面所面临的挑战,在此基础上研究了美国外空军备控制的目的及方法。可为我国相关部门参与外空军备控制谈判开展相关研究工作提供参考。