蒸发波导诊断的Babin模型及其敏感性分析CSCD

Babin模型是目前理论上很先进的一种蒸发波导诊断模型,为提高该模型的使用效果,对该模型进行了理论推导,并仿真分析了模型对输入参数的敏感性。研究结果表明:不稳定层结条件下,模型对相对湿度最敏感,而稳定和中性层结条件下,模型对海表温度最敏感,而大气压力的扰动对该模型诊断结果几乎没有什么影响。在利用海表面测量参数诊断蒸发波导时,应选用精度较高的相对湿度和海表温度传感器。     

实践十号卫星蒸发对流箱地面科学实验结果分析

实践十号卫星蒸发对流实验旨在研究置于加热底板的蒸发液滴在相变过程中,表面蒸发与表面张力驱动对流的耦合机理及其不稳定性.为与空间实验结果进行对比,利用蒸发对流箱完成在轨工况的科学匹配实验,获得相应工况的地面科学数据、工程参数及实验图像.通过对地面科学匹配实验结果进行分析,得到不同工况下液滴形貌（体积、表面积、接触角、液滴高度、液滴直径）变化规律,以及液滴蒸发过程中温度、热流量、蒸发速率和蒸发流量的变化规律.依据实验结果分析研究了具有质量交换的复杂流体相变界面的热质传输规律.      

天舟一号货运飞船空间实验装置蒸发相变地面实验

以天舟一号货运飞船为依托,开展空间蒸发相变传热规律的科学实验研究,探索重力对蒸发传热传质过程的影响规律.设计了一套地面蒸发实验平台,以蒸发相变液体FC-72为研究对象,通过红外热像仪测温、热流量计、差分热电偶等手段,观测FC-72液层在不同台面温度、注液量等情况下的相变界面变化、蒸发表面特性、流体物性及Marangoni对流涡胞的变化等,获取其蒸发两相流体的液层温度差、表面温度场、热流量值、蒸发速率和涡胞结构等.实验结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,FC-72液层与蒸发台面的温差越高,其蒸发速率越快;注液量越大,蒸发速率也越大;在蒸发过程中出现了浮力对流涡胞和Marangoni对流涡胞.此外,通过地面蒸发实验可以确定空间科学实验选用的实验介质和材料,进而优化确定空间科学实验的工况、参数及流程等,部分地面实验结果也将直接成为天地对比实验的科学成果.      

环路热管蒸发器毛细芯传热流动特性的一维分析

文章通过对液体在环路热管蒸发器毛细芯中的两种蒸发状态——表面蒸发状态、汽膜蒸发状态的分析，对液体在环路热管蒸发器毛细芯中的传热流动特性进行了一维数值计算，理论计算表明：在毛细芯正常工作状态下，液体在毛细芯中的蒸发属于表面蒸发，只有在进口液体存在过冷度时，汽膜蒸发才有可能存在。另外，文章还对毛细芯的壁厚、毛细芯的导热系数、进口液体的过冷度等因素对毛细芯传热流动特性的影响进行了讨论。     

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发.液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用,液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起,使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂.用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型,得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式.对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况,采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程,得到了不同蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解.论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式.      

三相线钉扎的大液滴蒸发实验

利用实践十号返回式科学实验卫星蒸发对流箱,开展了三相线处于钉扎状态且接触半径大于毛细长度的无水乙醇大滴在加热PTFE表面蒸发的地基科学实验.实验发现,液滴体积随时间线性递减,但钉扎大液滴蒸发过程中没有出现恒定接触角(CCA)阶段.与小液滴蒸发的恒定接触半径(CCR)阶段相同,大液滴的平均蒸发速率也与初始体积无关,表明受...     

Marangoni convection and mass transfer from the liquid to the gasphase

Marangoni convection can be introduced by instabilities in the evaporation of a component of a solution, under isotermal conditions. Three experiments were performed under micro-gravity conditions, to prevent density induced Rayleigh convections, during the D1-Spacelab flight. With a flat gas-liquid interface the system was stable, while a two-dimensional linear stability analysis predicts the system to be unstable. Deformation of the interface introduced concentration and thus surface tension gradients. The resulting Marangoni convection will enhance the mass transfer of the evaporation process.     

表面温度和热流的一种间接测量技术

固体表面温度和热流的直接测量在某些情况下是很困难的。使用“过去的”和“将来的”测量时间 ,引入稳定矩阵的概念 ,抑制了导热反问题的误差放大作用。通过埋设在固体内部的热电偶的温度测量 ,同时对固体表面的温度和热流进行了有效估算     

贮箱内低温推进剂汽化过程的CFD数值仿真

为研究贮箱内低温推进剂相变对推进剂温度和贮箱压力的影响,对贮箱内的传热传质过程进行了仿真.仿真涉及的物理过程包括贮箱与外界环境的换热、推进剂的自然对流、推进剂与贮箱内壁面的换热以及低温推进剂的相变过程等.根据热力学平衡原理建立了低温推进剂相变模型,使用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic)方法对处于地面常压停放状态的液氢贮箱进行了450 s的仿真.研究表明随着贮箱壁面传热过程的稳定,推进剂的温度分布、流动状态以及相变情况会趋于稳定;通过仿真获得了推进剂单位时间的汽化量;影响相变的主要因素是贮箱壁面漏热以及推进剂自身的对流运动.     

空间用硅太阳电池带通滤波器的研究

为改善硅太阳电池在轨工作期间的性能,通过对空间用太阳电池带通滤波器结构设计和制备工艺的研究,研制出一种空间用硅太阳电池的带通滤波器并对其性能进行了测试,结果表明,采用该带通滤波器可使硅太阳电池在轨工作温度降低6°C～12°C,输出功率增加1.8%～4.1%.带通滤波器的研制对于促进高效硅太阳电池的空间应用具有积极意义.     

Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions

By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States – Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects.     

基于电子束蒸发沉积的曲面纳米薄膜均匀性研究

半球谐振子金属化是半球谐振陀螺研制过程中的重要环节，针对半球表面薄膜制备均匀性难以实现的问题，提出了一种将薄膜沉积实验和光学模拟相结合的方法。本文采用电子束蒸发技术在半球上沉积Au薄膜，利用台阶仪测量球面上不同位点的薄膜厚度，将平面上的膜厚等效为半球曲面上的膜厚，研究球面薄膜的均匀性，得出了在半球内外表面上薄膜的膜厚分布；同时对薄膜沉积均匀性进行光学模拟，将半球探测器上辐照度等效为实验中沉积所得到的薄膜厚度，计算得出的半球探测器上辐照度分布与实验测量结果一致性较好，可为半球谐振子纳米薄膜的均匀性制备提供理论基础。     

A priori zenith wet delays in the analysis of VLBI CONT sessions

Tropospheric delay is one of the major sources of error in VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) analysis. The principal component of this error can be accurately computed through reliable surface pressure data —hydrostatic delay— yet there is also a small but volatile component —wet delay— which is difficult to be modelled a priori. In VLBI analysis, troposphere delay is typically modelled in the theoretical delays using Zenith Hydrostatic Delays (ZHD) and a dry mapping function. Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) is not modelled but estimated in the analysis process. This work studies inter alia the impact of including external GNSS estimates to model a priori ZWD in VLBI analysis, as well as other models of a priori ZWD.In a first stage, two different sources of GNSS troposphere products are compared to VLBI troposphere estimates in a period of 5 years. The solution with the best agreement to VLBI results is injected in the VLBI analysis as a priori ZWD value and is compared to other options to model a priori ZWD. The dataset used for this empirical analysis consists of the six CONT campaigns.It has been found that modelling a priori ZWD has no significant impact either on baseline length and coordinates repeatabilities. Nevertheless, modelling a priori ZWD can change the magnitude of the estimated coordinates a few millimeters in the up component with respect to the non-modelling approach. In addition, the influence of a priori ZWD on Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and troposphere estimates —Zenith Total Delays (ZTD) and gradients—has also been analysed, resulting in a small but significant impact on both geodetic products.     

新型聚乙烯醇/聚乙二醇水凝胶热沉性能研究

为研究水凝胶作为热管理技术的可行性和潜力，采用物理循环冷冻法制备一种力学和经济性良好的新型聚乙烯醇（PVA）/聚乙二醇（PEG）复合水凝胶热沉，热沉尺寸为60 mm×60 mm×2 mm,通过表面的水分蒸发来实现自冷。在2 712 W/m2热流下进行散热性能探究实验，得到了升温特性、蒸发对流强度变化关系和溶胀变化规律。发现加入2.5%质量分数的PEG减小了随循环冷冻次数增加造成的制备变形，减小了75.53%的含水量衰减，同时使芯片表面控温下降7.53%。根据实验结果计算得到了蒸发换热系数，并研究了热流、厚度和湿度对蒸发散热的影响。通过对水凝胶不同温度和使用情况（4 h连续使用及120 d常温储存）下溶胀率的测定，证明水凝胶具备一定的短时使用可靠性，但对温度的敏感响应并不显著。     

Validation of nimbus-7 temperature-humidity infrared radiometer estimates of cloud type and amount

Estimates of clear and low, middle and high cloud amount in fixed geographical regions approximately (160km)² are being made routinely from 11.5μm radiance measurements of the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR). The purpose of validation is to determine the accuracy of the THIR cloud estimates. Validation requires that a comparison be made between the THIR estimates of cloudiness and the “true” cloudiness. The validation results reported in this paper use human analysis of concurrent but independent satellite images with surface meteorological and radiosonde observations to approximate the “true” cloudiness. Regression and error analyses are used to estimate the systematic and random errors of THIR derived clear amount.     

基于响应面法的月球着陆器软着陆性能优化

为了提高月球着陆器软着陆性能,建立了月球着陆器的多体动力学参数化模型.对某典型恶劣工况进行了优化拉丁超立方实验设计,辨识关键实验因子.利用参数化模型和实验设计获取样本点构造了响应面模型,并检验了响应面的拟合精度.以多个动力学性能作为优化目标,用响应面计算结果构造目标函数和约束条件,对响应面参数做多目标优化.将优化所得参数代入动力学模型中进行仿真,优化效果明显,验证了基于响应面法的软着陆性能优化方法的可行性,为今后的仿真实验提供参考.      

Sensing snow height and surface temperature variations in Greenland from GPS reflected signals

The in situ measurements of snow surface temperature (SST) and snow height (SH) are very difficult with high costs, particularly in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Since the snow depth variations coupling with surface temperature are related to GPS multipath, it is possible to estimate the snow depth and surface air temperature variations by incorporating GPS-Reflectometry (GPS-R). In this paper, the reflected signals from ground GPS receivers are used to sense the SST and SH variations based on the thermophysical behavior and variations of snow layer from April to June 2010 at SMM1 site and from March to December 2010 at MARG site in Greenland. The results show that the mean daily changes in the ionospheric geometrical-free linear combination (GPS-L4) of dual-frequency GPS signals are related to daily SST and SH variations. The nonparametric bootstrapping model in direct (forward) and inverse models are developed and applied to estimate the SST and SH variations. The mean biases of SST and SH estimates are 0.18 °C and 0.23 m at SMM1 site, respectively, and 3.8 °C and 0.13 m at MARG site, respectively.     

基于响应面方法的印制电路板模型修正

近年来,基于响应面的优化分析技术被用于有限元模型修正.给出了基于响应面方法的印制电路板(PCB,Printed Circuit Board)模型修正过程.首先利用ANSYS计算PCB的前6阶模态频率并与模态试验结果进行相关性分析;然后分别利用有限元分析和模态试验的前3阶模态频率构造3个目标函数,再利用前6阶共振频率的残差平方和构造第4个目标函数,每个共振频率的权重相同;最后利用多目标函数遗传算法进行优化分析,使得4个目标函数最小化.给出了一个案例对上述的修正过程进行了阐述.分析结果表明,基于响应面的模型修正技术可用于改善PCB的有限元模型,且可利用已有的商业有限元软件直接进行分析,易于工程应用.      

基于响应面优化的结构有限元模型修正

针对结构有限元分析中模型精度低的问题,提出了响应面优化的模型修正方法.利用优化拉丁方试验设计样本点,F值检验筛选出修正参数构造不完全4阶多项式响应面并检验响应面有效性.引入遗传算法以响应面计算值与试验值的残差为目标来优化修正参数,将修正值代入初始模型中得到修正模型.三自由度系统数值算例,验证了模型中参数准确、参数不存在和参数有误差3种工况下,响应面优化方法的模型修正能力.以GARTEUR飞机模型为对象,筛选显著性参数进行模型修正,结果表明修正后模型不但在修正频段和预测频段具有良好的复现和预测能力,还能预测结构局部修改后的频率,证实了经过参数筛选后响应面优化的模型修正有效性.