新型数字-频率变换在科氏质量流量计中的应用

对新型全数字式科氏质量流量计频率输出信号采用数字—频率转换D/F(Digital to Frequency Conversion)方法实现.利用晶振和现场可编程门阵列FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)与数字信号运算处理单元DSP(Digital Signal Processing)配合实现频率量输出,有效避免了传统的模拟式科氏质量流量计的电压—频率V/F(Voltage to Frequency Conversion)转换方法中存在的精度不高、温漂以及电路复杂等问题,而且也消除了由于频率刷新造成的输出频率非整周期对输出结果的影响.实验表明,该数字—频率转换方法具有较高的转换精度,实现了输出频率的整周期刷新,不存在V/F转换电路的温漂等问题.该电路简单,与数字电路实现无缝接口,对于数字系统的频率输出设计具有较高的参考价值.      

数字科氏质量流量计闭环系统及信号解算

在科氏质量流量计测量系统设计中,提出一种数字式信号处理、解算的全新设计思路.采用高速并行模拟数字转换电路(A/D)将传感器输出的信号完整采样,借助数字信号处理芯片(DSP, Digital Signal Processor)强大运算能力对信号进行深入的分析与处理;利用信号处理方法对信号进行实时滤波处理并精确计算两路信号的相位差,进而解算出流体的质量流量和密度,辅以单片机和现场可编程器件(FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array)实现系统的控制、显示与通讯;提出谐振电路的数字式闭环设计新思想,利用数字电路及其信号处理方法实现传统的闭环增益控制(AGC, Auto Gain Control).实验结果表明:该系统有效提高了测量系统的零点稳定性和测量精度.     

一种面向电力终端的北斗定位模块研究

基于电力系统对卫星导航定位的自主安全性要求，研究用于电力终端的北斗定位技术，设计了一款用于电力行业终端的北斗定位导航模块，主要包括模块的模拟前端设计、数字信号处理及分析，重点对低功耗小型化设计、提高接收灵敏度设计等进行研究，并对所设计的北斗模块实物进行了实际测试和分析，成果已开始在电力行业试点应用。     

GPS卫星信号模拟器中频信号处理与实现

利用数字内插、数字滤波、A/D(Analog／Digital)变换等软件无线电方法,建立GPS卫星信号模拟器中频信号处理的数学模型,提出了数字IF(Intermediate Frequency)的实现方法,且在matlab中进行了中频电路建模、优化和验证,完成了从数字基带信号处理到模拟中频信号生成.电路实现时尽量降低信号处理频率,缩小高频信号处理范围.利用verilog在ISE6.3中完成了数字中频模块的设计和仿真,对仿真输出的数字序列进行FFT(Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm)频谱分析,并在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)中实现.      

现场可修系统的可靠性数据处理

用随机点过程模型来处理航空产品现场可修系统的可靠性数据时，存在系统故障修复次数少，数据不齐全的问题。为此，对符合非时齐泊松过程模型的数据作为“修复如新”处理时，所所应满足的条件及适用范围作了分析，通过数字仿真对精度的计算，在工作应用中，当系统修复次数小于或等于３时，可将“修复如旧”的系统当作“修复如新”的模型处理，但要注意参数ｍ的影响；对残存比率法应用于可修系统数据处理时的可能性进行了讨论。仿真结     

基于DSP和FPGA技术的细胞图像采集系统设计

细胞学研究领域中需要对大量细胞的生长情况进行长期的在线跟踪、记录和分析,针对细胞图像采集和处理中的数据量大、采样频率高、运算复杂等问题,设计了一种新颖的细胞图像采集系统,讨论了DSP(Digital Signal Processor)处理系统和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)逻辑控制系统设计中的关键技术问题,以及JPEG图像压缩算法的实现问题.系统主要由视频解码芯片、FPGA以及DSP等组成,具有功能集成、结构简单、编程灵活的特点,能够实现对大量细胞进行长期观测记录的图像采集,以及后期图像数据处理的功能.      

基于地面分布式数据中心的天地一体化网络

天地一体化网络通常具有覆盖范围广、数据传输量大等特点。现有的一体化网络研究侧重于网络间传输协议,以及如何有效管理网络资源等。但考虑到当前卫星网络数据处理能力相对较差,而地面网络发展已非常成熟,因此将一体化网络与数据中心网络融合,把数据中心网分布式地接入骨干光网络中,卫星作为网络的传输节点与地面分布式数据中心网络构成统一整体;以中国电信骨干网为基础,针对一体化网络的内部传输代价和外部请求代价等多种因素,进行折中,使用整数线性规划得到网络的最优化部署。所提出的网络架构能很好地满足一体化网络的要求,提供了一种具有竞争力的信息平台设计架构。     

An attempt for objective analysis of TIROS-N images

An attempt for digital processing of analog images taken in the infrared channel (10.5–11.5 μm) from TIROS-N is presented. The data digitized to 8-bits are normalized by using SR Data Manipulator. The investigated period is November 3–4, 1979. The geographic rectification moves the data into a polar stereographic map. To estimate the cloud heights empirical relationships are applied. The following characteristics of the cloud field are produced: the cloud amount, the dominant cloud-type, the daily variation of IR brightness temperature and the cloud texture. The results are visualized on a colour display.     

Remote sensing based continuous hydrologic modeling

There are two principal ways in which remote sensing can be used with continuous hydrological models: (1) by providing a cost effective way for obtaining input data and (2) by providing synoptic measurements of various state variables. This paper discusses existing hydrologic models and the modifications required to adapt them for using remotely sensed data that may significantly improve their simulation performance. Microwave and thermal infrared measurements show promise for use in hydrologic models because they can measure certain physical properties of the watershed (emissivity and temperature) from which a hydrologic condition can be inferred. Additional applications of remote sensing data include the use of spatial data, mechanisms for extrapolating point data and direct measurement of several hydrologic state variables such as soil moisture, surface temperature, snow water equivalent, frozen soils, and rainfall distribution. Results are presented from several aircraft flights where thermal infrared and microwave data were collected over a small research basin. These results are discussed with respect to their application in continuous hydrologic simulation models.     

Multiple sensor geocoded data

The problem of integrating remotely sensed images acquired from different sensor systems is primarily associated with their registration into a common reference projection. This registration problem has to be considered not only between the image data themselves but also with other data already existing in various geographical data bases.The advent of the second generation of earth observation satellites is emphasizing this situation by providing imagery in different geometric configurations. Images will be acquired from many sensors at different spatial resolutions (LANDSAT MSS and TM, SPOT HRV MLA and PLA) on different dates and modes (panchromatic, multispectral, nadir and off-nadir).In order to provide image data in a geometric format compatible with the Canadian National Topographic System, Canada is developing a Multi-Observational Satellite Image Correction System (MOSAICS) that will provide geocoded data resampled into a common reference projection. This paper presents the characteristics of the geocoded products with examples from multiple sensors and different dates, and addresses the processing requirements of the satellite ground station. It also illustrates the use of digital processing techniques to derive digital elevation information from geocoded stereo imagery.     

小型一体化编码式太阳敏感器信号处理技术

为实现编码式太阳敏感器小型一体化设计,研究编码式太阳敏感器细分角度计算的坐标旋转数字计算机（CORDIC,coordinate rotation digital computer）算法,在FPGA中实现包括数据采集、角度计算、通信协议等全部敏感器数字信号处理功能,并在此基础上研制专用ASIC芯片.采用挠性连接技术完成整机的微型化组装,最终实现了整机质量0.5 kg、功耗0.5 W、测角精度 0.05°(3σ)、分辨率14″、数据刷新率40 Hz的设计指标.采用单片FPGA实现的编码式太阳敏感器信号处理电路体积小、精度高,是实现产品小型化设计的关键环节.     

一种多目标跟踪数据处理器的设计

介绍了一种机载多目标跟踪数据处理器的实现算法．这个处理器是用专用数字信号处理芯片ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０实现的，其输入的观测数据是由雷达视频回波信号经过数据采集、信号检测和目标参数提取后得到的测量数据．在实验室环境下，当信噪比为３：１时，此数据处理器在１００ｋｍ距离处的滤波估计误差为５０ｍ，方位估计误差达到半功率波束度宽的．     

Lunar gravity field modeling critical analysis and challenges

This paper summarizes and provides a critical analysis of the historical developments of lunar gravitational models from the earliest use of ground based tracking systems of the Lunar Orbiter to the Lunar Prospector mission. This encompasses a comprehensive and critical analysis of the various methods used in the estimation of the gravity coefficients and the processing of large batches of diverse measurements and data types. It has been shown that weakness exists in the current models of the lunar gravity field, which is primarily due to the lack of far side lunar tracking data information, which makes the lunar potential modeling difficult but expected to be overcome as data from SELENE satellite-to-satellite tracking becomes available. Comparisons of various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low order coefficients of the spherical harmonics. However, substantial differences in the models exist in the higher-order harmonics. A numerical comparison has been presented showing the performance of all the contemporary lunar gravitational models used within the astrodynamics community and available in public domain. Improvements to the current models are part of a continuing process and the recent model improvements and future possibilities in lunar gravity modeling are discussed. A brief review of the recent missions has been presented. It is hoped that this critical review will benefit the researchers by presenting the historical as well as state of the art in this field.     

Automatic lineament extraction in a heavily vegetated region using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery

Lineament extraction from satellite remotely sensed data has been one of the widely used applications of remote sensing in geology. In fact, recent advances in digital image processing allow such lineament extraction to be accomplished in semi-automatic to fully automatic approaches. However, satellite remotely sensed data acquired in heavily vegetated regions such as tropical rainforest, are vulnerable to higher inherent noise levels attributed to the resultant effects of scattering by clouds and adjacency effects of highly inhomogeneous vegetation cover within the pixel dimension. In this study, we examined the effects of noise levels to lineament extraction using a fully automatic approach, consisting of a combination of edge-line detection algorithms. Ancillary information from a digitized topographic map and image classification was used to discriminate between cultural and natural lineaments from the extracted lineaments. Adapting the combination of edge detection and a line-linking algorithm, we have found the optimal parameters for automatic lineament extraction of such complex areas using Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data. A noise level of 30% is the maximum threshold before artifacts are generated. It is therefore concluded that the combination of edge-based and line-linking digital image processing operations with the priori local optimal parameters is crucial in lineament feature extraction in heavily vegetated regions.     

紫外CCD敏感器头部电路系统的研究

介绍了我国探月工程之嫦娥一号卫星的紫外CCD敏感器系统的CCD电路的软硬件的开发研究.紫外CCD敏感器由光学结构、CCD及处理线路、数据处理单元及其软件组成.入射光经光学系统后,照射在CCD敏感元件,经视频处理电路处理后形成数字图像信号.数字图像信号保存在数据存储器中,由数据处理器进行分析处理.计算得到月球的中心并转换为探测器对月姿态角,其中紫外CCD敏感器头部电路包括CCD电路、时序电路、驱动电路、视频处理电路和电源电路.核心器件CCD采用E2V公司的CCD48-20芯片,文中重点介绍该CCD的时序、驱动和Smear等难点问题.      

Responses to satellite remote sensing opportunities in East and Southern Africa

Since 1978 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has funded a regional remote sensing project for East and Southern Africa. The project, hosted by the Regional Centre for Services in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, has provided a programme of training courses, user services and project support. This included the equipping and establishment of a photo-laboratory complex for processing Landsat images and the provision of advice and support for agencies undertaking natural resources analysis.Response to the training programme has been very good. Courses are usually over subscribed and there is a continued demand for training. Assessments of the courses by participants are highly positive and the courses have featured consultants of international calibre. Requests for follow-up courses, and for specialist group training indicate a strong response to this training activity. User services are active, consultations with staff, use of the browse file and interpretation equipment and the purchase of data for project work all produce an average demand of 12 active enquiries per working week. The photo-laboratory is particularly active and demand for products exceeds available capacity.Project work is now being supported but limited resources restrict the range and amount of project activity. Response to the opportunities offered for projects has been favourable and this activity is ripe for expansion. The difficulty in expanding to meet the expressed demand is primarily financial. The east and southern Africa region is not economically strong and has a great need for natural resources data for development work and planning. The responses to satellite remote sensing opportunities will be limited by these financial constraints which effectively means by the level of international aid directed to this activity. For such aid to be effective it must be coordinated and firmly attached to the region. Such coordinated aid programmes would avoid fragmentation of distribution and applications work. Fragmentation could seriously disrupt the present growth in natural resources activity based on remote sensing data from satellites. The lack of financing for a regional ground receiving station is also a significant limiting factor.     

CAS-DIS数字电离层测高仪系统研制

提出了将射频直接采样数字化的接收方式应用于数字电离层测高仪系统的设计方案, 并详细介绍了该方案在CAS-DIS (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Digital Ionosonde)电离层测高仪系统的应用, 给出了CAS-DIS电离层测高仪在中国武汉电离层探测标校试验场和武汉-北京斜向电离层探测系统中的实验结果. 观测结果表明, 采用本文提出的数字化方案设计的电离层测高仪系统性能优越, 且可以分别工作在垂直和斜向探测模式, 满足了电离层探测的多种应用需求.      

基于在线轨迹迭代的自适应再入制导

针对传统轨迹跟踪制导方法在再入飞行中无法较好适应导航模式切换等突变状况的问题,提出了一种能够有效应对制导系统输入信息不连续性的自适应在线轨迹生成方法。该方法通过实时的多项式拟合以及迭代过程确定满足终端约束条件的高度-速度剖面,并解算出当前飞行状态下所需的攻角与倾侧角指令,从而平稳、精确地将飞行器引导至末端能量管理段。通过对速度与能量、高度、轨迹倾角以及待飞航程等状态量建立解析关系,该方法拥有迭代速度快以及收敛性强的优势。仿真结果显示,该方法对输入信息的误差及跳变等不确定因素的适应性很强,在各类干扰情况下较传统方法拥有更高的制导精度。相较于传统轨迹跟踪制导方法,该方法在实际应用背景下显著地提升了制导的自主性与适应性。      

一种用数字集成电路FPGA实现的伪速率调制器

介绍一种用数字集成电路实现的伪速率调制器及其应用.该调制器用一片FPGA实现3个通道的伪速率调制器.有别于用软件或模拟电路实现的方法,该调制器用数字电路实现,其中一阶环节通过移位算法实现指数运算,简单灵活,既克服了模拟电路和软件实现的缺点,又具有模拟电路实时性高、精度高以及软件实现方式方便灵活的特点,适用于整星信息一体化和综合电子技术的卫星控制系统体系结构.     

一种模拟CCD星图的方法

星识别算法在空间飞行器自主姿确定系统中是不可缺少的。同时将ＣＣＤ所拍摄的星图作为算法的输入,无论是软件调试还是地面试验,抑或是对各种算法的评估,也是必不可缺少。