基于NMF的SVM故障诊断方法

针对大维数系统故障诊断中存在特征提取困难和识别率低的问题,提出基于非负矩阵分解(NMF,Non-negative Matrix Factorization)的支持向量机(SVM,Support Vector Machine)诊断方法,避免了直接对故障特征的选择和提取,实现特征降维,提高故障模式分类的准确性和速度;对于NMF中的结果随机性问题,提出用前次分解所得系数矩阵求解样本降维特征矩阵的方法,保证多次NMF分解尺度一致.实验表明该方法能对故障特征有效降维,并具有较高的诊断效率和故障识别率.     

基于形态学与正交子空间投影的端元提取方法

针对现有端元提取方法从数据光谱或空间或特征信息的单一方面出发进行混合像元分解、不同类型端元难以区分等不足,提出一种扩展形态学与正交子空间投影结合的端元自动提取方法.利用扩展膨胀和腐蚀操作,通过计算形态离心率指数进行高光谱数据的端元数据集计算;利用光谱角匹配方法提取不同类型的端元,通过向端元正交子空间投影消除已经提取端元的影响;并通过航空高光谱数据进行算法性能验证.实验结果表明:提出方法能够实现在无任何先验信息情况下图像端元的自动提取,并且能够有效地区分相似光谱端元.     

基于光谱信息散度的光谱解混算法

光谱解混是高光谱遥感定量化的关键,提出了一种基于光谱信息散度和光谱混合分析的光谱解混改进算法(SID-SMA,Spectral Information Divergence-Spectral Mixed Analysis).以光谱信息散度判定最优端元子集,端元选择时采用端元的初选和二次选择来提高端元选择的精度,得到较小的丰度估计误差.通过光谱库模拟数据的结果可以看出,SID-SMA的端元选择精度和丰度估计精度要优于其他算法,当信噪比为100∶ 1时,算法端元选择正确率达到了99.8%,29个端元的丰度估计总误差小于0.1,并且算法的速度较快.     

亚像素条纹边缘提取技术在型面测量上的应用

三维型面非接触测量在工业领域有着广泛的应用前景.双目视觉是一种有效获取三维轮廓信息的方法,其中对大密度的黑白相间条纹进行精确定位和提取,是基于投影光栅图像的光学三维型面测量的关键技术和难点.利用空间编码技术将被测空间划分为若干区域,每个区域对应一个二进制码.条纹落在区域上与唯一的二进制码相对应,就可以对条纹精确定位.利用边缘提取算法获得像素级条纹后,再利用亚像素技术可以进一步对条纹进行高精度提取.介绍了基于灰度矩的和基于多项式拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法.将空间编码和亚像素条纹提取技术相结合,对光栅条纹进行亚像素级定位和提取的技术,与像素级的定位技术相比,能提高图像的定位精度,有效地改善测量系统的性能.      

基于运动增强和颜色分布比对的运动目标检测

为检测无人机视频中的地面运动目标,提出了一种运动和颜色信息相结合的算法.采用前向运动历史图像来增强独立运动信息和抑制背景噪声,确保完整分割出候选运动区域; 提出一种迭代的、基于局部颜色分布比对的方法,去除候选区域中的背景像素,以更准确地提取单个运动目标.算法不仅节约了计算量,还有效降低了误检和漏检的可能性.多组无人机视频的实验结果表明了所提算法的高效性和鲁棒性.     

多通道投影图像的几何自动拼接技术

以低端摄像头产品为测量元件构造了实用的可扩展的多通道投影图像自动拼接系统;利用二次校准方法细化求解一致性矩阵,在投影屏幕上实现了多通道投影图像间的几何无缝拼接;特征图案的正确选择和二次校准方法最大限度地降低了摄像头性能对校准精度的影响;在满足相邻投影图像有重叠区域和摄像头能拍摄到重叠区域两个基本条件时,系统可实现自动拼接校准.实验表明,二次校准方法使校准时间明显缩短,使校准精度达到了亚像素级;低端摄像头、高效率的特征提取方法和一致性矩阵求解算法使系统扩展成本大大降低.      

9自由度混联微创外科机器人的正反解

针对北京航空航天大学机器人研究所最新开发的用于胸腹部冷冻穿刺手术的9自由度"5R+4T"混联机器人,基于指数积公式,利用反变换法和逆矩阵的特性,提出了一种在单约束条件下,得到该机器人解析形式正反解的新算法.通过数值算例验证了正反解的互推性,即算法的有效性,并经过对算例的分析给出了修正方案,扩大了算法的适用范围.该方法克服了因为混联机器人自由度多、结构复杂而带来的难以完成正反解计算的困难,为多自由度混联机器人的运动学求解提供了一种新的思路.      

基于Gabor滤波器的航空图像居民区域提取

中低分辨率航空图像中居民区域的自动提取对地理信息系统更新和无人机导航具有重要作用.详细分析了Gabor滤波器参数对纹理提取的影响,提出了一种基于Gabor滤波器的居民区快速提取算法.算法包含4步:运用Gabor滤波器分析图像纹理,采用核密度估计生成居民区域置信图像,进而计算自适应阈值分割置信图得到候选区域,最后根据区域几何形状去除干扰得到居民区.算法平均运算时间为0.42s,实验结果表明了算法的高效性和准确性.     

航天器模块划分数值优化方法

对航天器模块划分主要依靠经验和定性方法的问题,构建了一种通用的模块划分数值优化方法。利用功能分解方法、相关性评价准则、设计矩阵与设计结构矩阵（DesignStructureMatrix,DSM）同步演化的机制获得了基于功能元的数值DSM;基于DSM构建了遵循公理化设计原理的通用优化模型;利用遗传 模拟退火算法获得了可对模块划分方式及数目进行同步优化的模块划分方法;给出了不同于优化目标的评价方法。仿真结果表明,该方法可将航天器划分为一系列内聚度高、耦合度低的模块。     

基于像素间孤波的图像处理模型分析

通过对数字图像像素栅格之间非线性影响的研究,建立了像素间非线性影响的一维和二维时间演化方程模型,通过对方程模型的分析可知图像在空间上是离散的,图像像素之间的作用关系是非线性连续的,且方程具有解析性的孤波解.模型重点研究像素孤波的两个孤波之间的相互作用,给出了像素孤波的二孤波解,利用像素孤波的相互作用来研究模型的性能,发现像素孤波相互作用后仍能保持自身性质不变,因此可用像素孤波代替像素本身.同时发现像素孤波在相互作用时其幅值是两者的非线性叠加,可以作为影响的结果;并且像素孤波相互作用时其相位会发生特定的改变,可以将其映射为像素之间相互影响的方向信息.通过实验表明,模型可以用在图像滤波中,平滑度并不最优但是图像细节得到更多保留.      

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。