普惠E~3高压涡轮级气动性能验算

利用自主开发的涡轮气动设计体系对普惠公司(P%W)E3高压涡轮叶型进行反设计.并在考虑气膜冷却的前提下对反设计得到的涡轮级进行全三维气动计算验证.计算结果与试验数据对比表明.三维计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,通过叶型反设计和计算验证掌握了该涡轮的设计特点.并证明了该涡轮气动设计体系具有较高的可信度和精度,可用于大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮部件的设计.     

多级涡轮多目标气动优化设计流程

在准三维设计基础上,采用多目标优化设计方法,给出一个多级涡轮气动优化设计流程,优化联合采用人工神经网络和遗传算法,流场计算采用全三维粘性流N-S方程求解。此优化设计流程有三个特点:针对每列叶栅的气动特性进行局部优化;各列叶栅反复多次优化;粗细网格交替使用。并采用此设计流程对一三级涡轮进行优化设计,效率提高1%,说明此方法可以有效的用于多级涡轮气动优化设计。     

某型航空发动机涡轮多级气动优化设计

采用将准三维设计和多级局部优化联合的多级涡轮气动优化设计流程,对某型航空发动机3级涡轮进行了多级气动三维优化设计;采用人工神经网络和遗传算法对各列叶栅进行了三维局部优化,流场计算采用全三维黏性流N-S方程求解。通过优化设计,调整了功率分配,改善了各列性能,并对各列间参数进行了优化匹配,使总体性能提高,达到了设计要求。     

大涵道比发动机多级低压涡轮气动设计

基于大涵道比航空发动机多级低压涡轮设计研究,分析了大涵道比发动机多级低压涡轮气动设计特点和主要设计参数的设计选取原则以及发展趋势,研究了过渡流道设计参数的选取标准、过渡流道优化设计方法以及对多级低压涡轮子午流道设计与功率分配方法,综合分析了多级低压涡轮功率分配需要考虑的各项因素,并探讨了高升力涡轮叶型设计方法。研究表明:过渡流道方案设计可以采用长高比及当量扩张角作为初步选取标准;多级低压涡轮功率分配要综合考虑不同工况性能及气动设计参数;完成设计的大转折角后加载叶型能够有效地控制涡轮叶栅内的流动损失。     

涡轮多学科优化中的气动设计技术探讨

通过对涡轮多学科优化的分析,讨论了多学科优化中的气动设计技术.提出了基于叶栅特征参数和贝塞尔函数的二维叶栅参数化造型方法,并结合积叠轴的掠、弯形成三维复杂几何叶片成型技术.通过对气动优化过程中的数学模型分析,给出了一般要求的约束条件,并根据不同阶段的气动设计和约束条件提出了分阶段嵌套优化方法.针对三维气动计算,对商用软件CFX进行了二次开发,实现了三维计算的自动分网、建模、求解和后处理.最后,结合具体算例完成的优化设计结果表明,其涡轮效率提高了约2.3%,工作叶片数减少13.21%,叶片叶身总质量下降8.96%.      

某小型涡扇发动机增压级设计与试验验证

采用经过试验验证的一维方案设计程序包以及与轴对称流设计程序相匹配的任意中弧线叶片造型程序,运用三维计算与一维、二维气动设计相结合的方法成功地完成了某小涡扇发动机增压级气动设计,并且单独设计和加工内涵两级增压级进行了试验验证,试验结果表明,该增压级具有宽广的高效率区和高喘振裕度,设计结果与试验结果吻合较好.      

船舶间冷循环多级动力涡轮气动优化设计

为了进行燃气轮机的间冷循环改造研究,需要对动力涡轮进行高效大功率重新设计。传统的准三维设计,由于对粘性影响的估算精度不够,导致设计和实际结果有一定偏差,尤其是对于多级涡轮设计,不但恶化了端部流场,还容易导致级间参数不匹配等问题。而近些年来的各种优化理论应用涡轮设计过程,由于计算量大、计算时间长、变量样本空间过于庞大,在实践中往往设计周期长,且难以有效实现。考虑了近端壁处粘性的影响,发展了一种基于传统无粘可控涡设计的局部环量再分布的先进涡设计技术,尽力减少端部二次流损失,并且改善叶片列间的匹配性能。基于CFD软件平台,将所发展的先进涡设计、级环境下单列叶栅局部优化和多级涡轮匹配优化联合实现多级涡轮的气动优化设计。最终所设计的间冷循环五级动力涡轮在满足设计流量的前提下,功率比设计值略高,轮周效率提高了1.36%,达到了轮周效率提高1%的设计要求。     

基于收扩叶型的涡轮叶片参数化造型方法与分析

研究了适用于对转涡轮的一种十二参数法涡轮叶型造型方法的原理、步骤、特点,采用Fortran程序编写了在参数化造型基础上的涡轮造型设计程序.应用该程序设计完成一级对转涡轮高压级涡轮叶片.并对其进行三维CFD性能验算,结果表明该设计程序能够应用于对转涡轮所需的收敛-扩散叶型的造型,为收扩叶型的造型提供了一种工程上可行的方法.     

多级涡轮多工况气动优化设计研究

采用将准三维设计和多级局部优化联合的多级涡轮多工况气动优化设计流程对某三级航空发动机涡轮进行多级气动优化设计.优化联合采用人工神经网络和遗传算法对各列叶栅进行三维局部优化,流场计算采用全三维粘性流N-S方程求解.通过优化设计,改善了各列的性能,并对各列间参数进行了优化匹配,两种工况的总效率均提高1%,总流量基本不变,总体性能提高,达到设计要求.      

影响毫米级微型涡轮气动性能的若干参数

根据毫米级微型向心涡轮的特点,通过理论分析结合经验关联进行了涡轮性能与几何气动热力学参数之间的关联,在此基础上探讨了气动设计过程中各关键参数对微型向心涡轮气动性能的影响规律及影响程度.通过毫米级微型向心涡轮气动方案的设计,结合三维数值模拟手段对上述分析的系列参数选取原则的合理性进行了验证.针对毫米级微型涡轮中绝热壁面条件已不适用情况,探讨了固壁传热对涡轮气动性能的影响,这些研究为毫米级微型涡轮气动方案的设计提供了参考依据.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.