奋起直追的欧洲无人机

为了赶上其他国家,特别是美国的无人机的发展步伐,欧洲至少有5个国家先后启动了各类无人作战项目,特别是近两年来,为了缩短与美国及以色列在无人机作战领域的差距,欧洲一些国家开始联合开展无人作战飞机(UCAV)以及中空长航时无人侦察系统的研制工作.     

无人航空器系统适航与地面碰撞模型

无人航空器系统在军事、民用领域快速发展,但适航理论研究发展缓慢,这带来了公众生命、财产安全方面的风险,也限制了无人航空器系统行业的发展。对无人航空器的适航理论及体系进行了分析和研究,引入舆情因子和区域因子,提出一种改进的无人航空器系统适航地面碰撞模型。该模型能够综合反映安全、舆论以及区域特殊性对无人航空器系统适航的影响,可以为其适航管理提供依据,也能作为无人航空器系统行业适航申请的参照。该模型的提出有助于加快无人航空器系统适航研究基础理论的发展。     

无人系统免疫智能技术

传统的无人系统人工智能技术重点研究人脑思维、感知和肌电反应等领域的科学发现和技术实现。免疫反应是生物体在面临病毒、细菌和天敌时保持生存和健康的独特生理机制,是智能系统技术研究领域的崭新视点。受动物应对病毒侵袭、环境剧变、天敌威胁等不利态势的免疫反应、保护自我和进化机制启发,提出无人系统在包含攻击、干扰、拒止、封锁、损伤、故障和博弈等恶劣环境和对抗模式下的生存安全问题,建立无人系统免疫智能技术的一般框架,架设无人系统和生物体之间免疫机制的桥梁。主要内容包括无人系统免疫智能技术的基本概念、反应机理、关键技术和研究框架,并分别从感知与诊断、适应与激励、学习与进化等技术层面进行了问题描述。最后,对免疫智能技术的未来研究方向和应用领域进行了展望。     

直升机空中回收和投放货物技术发展综述

针对直升机空中回收和投放货物技术的发展进行了探讨.首先按照直升机空中回收系统发展的三个阶段,简要介绍了三代系统的特点、工作过程及典型应用实例；其次对无人直升机投放技术进行研究综述,介绍了美国K - Max直升机实现无人货运投放的技术及其应用.     

基于翼尖链翼的组合固定翼无人机研究

针对当前集群无人机（UAV）续航时间短,传统高空长航时无人机任务功能不灵活,无法适应未来复杂任务需要的问题,提出了一种组合固定翼无人飞行器方案——空中链翼无人系统。详细梳理了二战后美国开展的有人驾驶固定翼飞机翼尖拖拽技术的探索历程,报告了中国、美国与德国近年来翼尖连接相关技术的研究进展。采用理论研究和对比分析的方法得到了链翼在升阻比、巡航速度、续航时间、巡航高度上的优势,进一步总结了链翼无人系统涉及的关键技术,对空中链翼无人系统未来的发展进行了展望。     

无人机发展纵横

"无人机系统"(UAS),特别是无人作战飞机,已经被世界公认为未来航空武器装备发展的一个重要趋势,许多国家都相应启动了自己的无人机研究计划,经费投入也在逐年增加.美国和欧洲一些国家还在千方百计地开发无人机在民用领域中的应用.     

欧洲通过内外的合作推动无人机的发展

欧洲正在通过欧洲各国之间及其与非欧洲国家之间的合作,加速推动欧洲无人机的发展。在过去的两年间,欧洲为了缩短与美国及以色列在无人机领域的差距,已经作了艰苦努力,开始自主开展无人作战飞机(UCAV)以及中空长航时无人侦察系统的研制工作,并在美国及以色列的经验基础上,重新评估对战术无人机的需求。而海军对垂直起降无人机的需求也逐渐明朗化了。     

基于SiP的低成本微小型GNC系统技术

随着微机电系统(MEMS)技术及微惯性器件的发展,大量小型化、低成本、高性能的导航、制导与控制(GNC)产品正越来越多地应用于小型无人飞行器、地面无人系统以及精确制导弹药等领域.针对各类应用需求,基于MEMS惯性测量单元(IMU)、GNSS接收模块、全捷联红外/可见光/激光多模智能导引头、信息处理器(DSP)与数据链通信模块,采用SiP技术研制出GNC芯片.基于GNC芯片构建一体化微小型GNC系统,突破了基于SiP一体化微小型GNC系统集成、全捷联红外/可见光/激光多模智能感知、嵌入式深组合导航、全捷联多模智能导引头/导航/制导与控制一体化设计等关键技术,并对其性能进行了评估.微小型GNC系统技术为低成本小型无人系统和精确制导弹药的发展夯实技术基础.     

无人直升机安全性思考

通过对美国民用直升机的故障分析,阐述了无人直升机系统设计、使用和管理中存在的安全隐患及其存在的原因,提出了提高无人直升机系统安全性的主要措施.从使用者的角度为无人直升机系统的设计、使用和管理者提供一些有关安全性的参考.     

国外民用无人航空器系统适航性简介

首先介绍了国外民用无人航空器系统适航性体系,接着分别对美国和欧洲的民用无人航空器适航性管理体系以及标准化组织相关活动进行了初步分析,为我国无人航空器系统适航性体系建设提供参考.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.