基于气助雾化喷射的柴油喷雾特性数值模拟

为对气助雾化喷射柴油的过程进行数值分析,借助计算流体力学仿真工具Fluent,在不改变喷嘴结构的情况下,建立考虑油气预混腔中柴油喷射过程的三维流体计算模型,研究定容弹内气助雾化喷嘴的柴油/空气两相流喷射过程,并且重点考察喷气压力、环境背压以及燃油温度对气助雾化喷射柴油喷雾特性的影响规律。结果表明：喷气压力对喷雾贯穿距离影响较大,喷气压力由0.65 MPa增大至0.75 MPa后贯穿距离增加12.2%,但柴油索太尔平均直径（SMD）只减小了5.2%,说明在保证燃油SMD处于较好水平时,喷气压力和环境背压绝对压力比值（气相压比）为7.5有利于减少气量消耗;环境背压对喷雾贯穿距离与燃油SMD影响显著,气相压比为1.875时,喷嘴出口处流场基本不会产生超声速气流,气动力降低显著影响了燃油液滴破碎过程,使喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到40.7μm;燃油温度对喷雾贯穿距离影响不大,但对燃油SMD影响较大,燃油温度升高后燃油SMD显著减小,323 K对应的SMD比293 K时减小了12.3%,喷射时间在4 ms时的SMD达到14.9μm,燃油蒸发质量分数达到36.93%。     

往复式汽油直喷发动机燃油喷雾特性研究

通过试验研究了高压燃油喷射系统和涡旋喷油器的喷雾特性,在不同喷射压力、背压压力和喷油持续期条件下,利用高速摄像机对喷入定体积容器的雾态燃油进行了喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾锥角、喷雾远端燃油发展速度和液滴特性等参数的测量.试验结果表明在低背压压力下,喷雾呈现出空锥、较大范围的分布形态,有利于实现燃油与空气的均质混合;然而在高背压条件下,喷雾呈现出紧凑密集的分布形态,有利于实现燃油与空气的分层混合.获得的贯穿距离经验公式与试验测量值在一定范围内是一致的.低背压条件下,涡旋形态出现在喷雾的远端,而在高背压条件下,涡旋形态出现在喷雾的中部.      

空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验

在定容弹内利用高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）研究了环境压力和燃油温度对空气辅助喷射系统喷雾特性的影响。试验环境压力的变化范围为0.01MPa到0.1MPa,燃油温度的变化范围为25℃到100℃。试验结果表明:随着环境压力的减小,燃油喷雾逐渐从冷态过渡到闪急沸腾状态,在喷嘴出口处喷雾气泡急剧增加。当环境压力小于0.02MPa时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,液滴速度增加,粒径减小,在喷雾近端出现喷雾膨胀现象;随着燃油温度的上升,液滴表面张力减小,液滴易于破碎。当燃油温度达到100℃时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,喷雾远端出现喷雾膨胀现象。      

夹气喷嘴瞬态喷雾的CFD仿真及试验

通过CFD仿真和试验的方法研究了夹气喷嘴的瞬态喷雾特性并验证了喷雾仿真模型的准确性.利用Fluent软件在不同环境背压和不同喷气压力的条件下进行了瞬态喷雾的CFD仿真计算,同时利用高速摄影机拍摄定容弹内部的喷雾形态,以及通过激光粒径测试仪对大气环境下的喷雾进行燃油液滴SMD的测量.结果表明:喷嘴出口处高速流出的压缩气体与燃油发生强烈的耦合,并于下游处产生强烈的涡环结构;试验中环境背压减少0.2MPa时所增加的平均贯穿速率是喷气压力增加0.2MPa时的3.62倍;喷雾平均贯穿速率的试验结果与仿真结果的平均误差为9.94%;试验得到的喷嘴外围的喷雾平均索特直径与仿真平均索特直径的平均误差为4.33%.      

喷嘴防积碳结构对燃油分布的影响

针对航空发动机双油路喷嘴,采用试验和数值计算方法研究了不同防积碳结构对燃油分布的影响。采用光学分布式喷雾检测系统进行燃油分布测量试验,获取了不同防积碳喷嘴出口下游20 mm截面的锥角、周向分布和径向分布;并采用volume of fluid(VOF)仿真方法对不同防积碳结构的喷嘴进行了数值仿真研究。结果表明：相同供油压差下,喷嘴匹配防积碳结构后,喷雾锥角和燃油径向分布的峰值半径减小,小半径区域燃油分布占比升高。计算结果与试验结果符合较好,有效解释了防积碳气流对喷嘴燃油分布的影响。同一工况下,喷嘴匹配不同防积碳结构时,锥角的大小与喷口端面中心孔的气流速度相关,而周向分布主要与气液比相关。     

低温环境下RP-3航空煤油雾化特性试验研究

为了获取低温对RP-3航空煤油雾化特性的影响,在综合试验台上完成了供油压力为300～700 kPa、燃油温度为25、-15、 -35 ℃的某喷嘴雾化特性试验。使用高速摄像机拍摄雾化图像,利用Matlab/GUI图像处理功能编制的程序提取雾化锥角边缘,并 获得雾化锥角,使用相位多普勒粒子分析仪测得距喷口7 mm和17 mm处截面的雾化粒度和油滴平均速度。结果表明：在压力一 定、温度降低时,雾化锥角变小,油滴雾化粒度增大,油滴平均速度升高,在同测量截面上的油滴平均速度变化量减小;随着压力升 高,-35 ℃和25 ℃的雾化锥角相差不超过1°,-35 ℃的油滴雾化粒度增幅减小到8.36%。     

某燃气轮机空气雾化喷嘴的试验研究

进行了某型燃机空气雾化喷嘴燃油喷雾特性的试验研究。得到以下结论：在油压不变的情况下,雾化锥角总是随着空气压力的增加有所减小,索特尔平均直径SMD随之迅速减小,整体减小幅度大约在10-30μm;气压不变时,雾化锥角和索特尔平均直径随着油压的增加而稍有增大;当气压为0.3MPa时,索特尔平均直径基本都保持在30μm以内。     

三旋流燃烧室喷嘴雾化性能试验研究

为了获得三旋流燃烧室喷嘴雾化性能与喷嘴几何尺寸的相互关系,针对供油压力以及旋流槽长宽比和旋流槽角度等关 键结构参数对燃油流量、喷雾锥角和雾化性能的影响进行了试验研究。采用3 维相位多普勒粒子分析仪测量了某一直线上各点的 索太尔平均直径和数密度分布,以及Rosin-Rammler 分布的特征直径和均匀度指数。结果表明：当供油压力提高时,燃油流量和喷 雾锥角增大;旋流槽几何尺寸的变化对燃油流量和喷雾锥角有不同的影响,当旋流槽长宽比和旋流槽角度增大时,燃油流量减小, 喷雾锥角增大。研究所获得的规律为三旋流高温升燃烧室的喷嘴优化设计提供了重要的理论依据。     

某型燃机喷嘴的实验研究

研究了某型燃机喷嘴Ⅰ路供油、Ⅰ路与Ⅱ路共同供油和Ⅰ路供油与Ⅱ路供气的雾化特性.得到以下结论:Ⅰ路供油量基本满足工作要求,锥角误差大约为14.7%,锥角变化相对较大;Ⅰ路与Ⅱ路共同供油锥角满足要求,而供油量相对变化较大,流量误差为12.2%;在Ⅰ路供油与Ⅱ路供气中,Ⅱ路供气压力从0.1MPa上升到0.4MPa时,燃油雾化锥角由70度减小到40度.这对燃机喷嘴的研究和应用有一定意义.     

某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴喷雾锥角调试试验研究

某型航空发动机离心式燃油喷嘴在首台份试制时,喷雾锥角较设计要求偏小,通过理论分析,制定了多种调试工艺措施,并开展了试验研究.试验表明,减小旋流槽角度、减小喷口长度、增大喷口直径、减小旋流室长度、减小槽深的措施均能一定程度上增大喷雾锥角.最终采用了双角度复合研磨的工艺,结合减小旋流槽深的措施,达到了符合设计要求的喷雾锥角.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.