Microprocessor smart cards with fingerprint user authentication

Due to the great increase in Information Technology (IT) systems where user authentication is needed, security in those systems relies on using PINs or passwords. During recent years, the scientific community has been trying to improve biometric techniques to be accepted as an alternative to other user authentication schemes. One of the sectors where user identity must be verified, is the identification cards sector. In fact, if great security wants to be achieved, smart cards should be used. But cardholder verification is performed using Card Holder Verification Keys (CHV-Keys), which are PIN-based. The authors are trying to integrate fingerprint verification inside a smart card, following their works in the past. The fingerprint scheme used is shown, and the work to achieve the integration inside a commercial smart card is detailed.     

飞机力提示智能侧杆控制器设计方法

与传统侧杆控制器的作用不同,带力提示的智能侧杆控制器的附加功能是减缓和预防飞机在故障或边界状态下的人机不良耦合,以提高飞行安全性。飞机在故障或边界状态下,具有明显的飞行动力学特性突变的特点,飞机动力学特性突变会引起驾驶员操纵策略的变化。针对这些特点,研究其侧杆控制器设计的理论方法。通过分析飞机动力学特性突变引起的系统时变非线性及其在力提示下的驾驶员行为特点,建立了智能侧杆引导的人机系统模型。在此基础上,基于时变系统的频谱分析和人机系统的品质评价准则,提出了带力提示的智能侧杆控制器设计方法,并给出了详细的设计步骤。通过对飞机故障状态下的仿真,解释了力提示智能侧杆控制器减缓人机不良耦合的机理。仿真结果表明智能侧杆控制器在提高驾驶员控制精度的同时,减缓了人机不良耦合的趋势,从而验证了提出的设计方法的可行性和有效性。     

Multi-layered plate finite element models with node-dependent kinematics for smart structures with piezoelectric components

This article presents a type of plate Finite Element (FE) models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches. The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise (LW) kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials. Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) approach. Through the proposed NDK FE models, the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency, and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.     

不同尾翼灵巧子弹气动特性实验研究

从无伞灵巧子弹稳态扫描的必要条件出发,设计了轴向折叠和径向折叠两种尾翼类型的子弹气动外形。设计了模型和实验装置,进行了小迎角低速风洞实验。获得了模型在固定和旋转条件下的气动力数据,测量了模型在气动力作用下的转速,对模型的稳定性进行了分析。实验结果表明：模型采用轴向折叠尾翼,能够设计足够有效的迎风面积和增阻效果良好的翼面形状,维持较为稳定的转速,具有良好的旋转稳定性;采用径向折叠尾翼的模型,增阻效果不明显,稳定旋转能力较差。实验结果为无伞灵巧子弹的设计提供了重要参考。     

Application of GTE cycle with heat supply at constant volume

The experimental and theoretical studies of a GTE cycle with heat supply at constant volume were carried out. The results presented were obtained with the use of a constant volume valve combustion chamber of a new type with a turbine, low-head ejector in front of the turbine and a rotary-piston expansion machine as a turbine. Possible variants of gas-turbine plant (GTP) design with a low-head ejector and rotary-piston expansion machine are shown.     

考虑多类维修优先权的多级维修供应系统库存控制

备件筹措与保障站点的维修能力和故障件维修机制密切相关。在经典VARI-METRIC模型上,拓宽了模型中"无限维修总体"和"先到先修"的假设条件,基于排队理论,考虑维修优先权对维修过程的影响,对故障件的维修周转时间进行了修正,建立了具有多类维修优先权的备件初始库存优化模型。构造了多站点优先权分配的目标函数,采用智能优化算法对优先权分配方案进行了优化;根据所得方案,采用边际优化算法进行了备件库存优化,提出了采用智能优化算法和边际优化算法对优先权分配方案和备件库存进行分步优化的方法,并开展了算法复杂度分析。算例分析表明,考虑优先权的备件配置方案在满足各项保障效能指标的同时,显著降低了备件购置费用;分步优化的方法在有效降低运算时间提高计算效率的同时保持了一定的计算精度。提出的模型和优化方法能够为装备保障人员制定合理的保障方案提供决策支持。     

Features of mass supply and flows related with reconnection in the solar corona

Symmetrical broadening in the emission spectral lines is the ultimate observational effect of magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. Reconnection can create plasmas of very different temperatures and, hence, very different electrical conductivities in the corona. The electrodynamical effect of such a mass supply is considered. Electromagnetic expulsion force, different from Parker's well-known magnetic buoyancy force, can effectively balance gravity in prominences and generate fast vortex flows in the vicinity of fine threads inside prominences. The possibility of observing this effect from SOHO is discussed.     

SOHO contribution to the understanding of mass supply and flows in the solar corona

We expect a variety of dynamic phenomena in the quiescent non-flaring corona. Plasma flows, such as siphon flows or convective flows of chromospheric material evaporating into the corona, are expected whenever a pressure differences is established either between the footpoints or between the coronal and chromospheric segments of a coronal loop. Such flows can induce phenomena of spatial and temporal brightness variability of the corona. In particular, evaporation induces a net mass input into the corona and consequently coronal density enhancements. Flows are also expected in the regions where energy is released during magnetic reconnection. From the observational point of view the dynamics of the solar atmosphere has been investigated in great detail mostly in the lower transition region with the HRTS, and during flares with theSolar Maximum Mission andYohkoh. The high spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of theSOHO ultraviolet spectrometers should enable us in the near future to fill the gap providing a continuous coverage from the chromosphere to the corona, in the 10⁴–10⁶ K domain, and therefore to best study the dynamics throughout the solar atmosphere.     

蒸发管供油的单驻涡燃烧室贫油点火试验

针对一种采用蒸发管供油的矩形单驻涡燃烧室试验段,采用高能电嘴直接点火方式,通过改变电嘴位置,电嘴深入到凹腔深度和电嘴能量,在不同主流工况下进行点火试验,找出针对特定结构和进气方式驻涡燃烧室的最佳点火位置。试验结果表明:这种结构的单涡燃烧室在主流温度623～723K,马赫数0.3～0.55范围都可以点火成功;主流温度增高以及电嘴能量增大有利于点火;电嘴深入凹腔深度增加并不能一定有利于点火;不同的点火位置表现出了不同的点火规律。     

Optimization of dynamic performance for a ground catapult with reusable supply of the working fluid

A task of minimizing the guide length of a ground catapult was set in order to ensure the mobility for unmanned aircraft systems. A scheme with reusable supply of the working fluid into the pneumatic drive cylinder was proposed. A method of parametric optimization of dynamic performance for a catapult was formulated. The method and models were verified with respect to the basic integral indicators.     

脉冲风洞发动机试验多油位多时序高精度燃料供应系统

针对脉冲风洞超燃冲压发动机试验要求燃料供应快速、稳定、精确的特点,设计了一套燃料供应系统,可多油位多时序高精度地实现试验模型燃料供应、模型点火器气源供应、气体节流气源供应等功能。该系统供应的燃料为乙烯、甲烷、氢气及其混合物。采用压力补偿装置,保持燃料稳定供应,实现燃料当量比精确控制。设计了由电磁阀和气动阀组合而成的快速供气阀门,阀门开启时间小于20ms,关闭时间小于30ms,实现燃料的安全、快速供应。对超燃发动机模型不同油位设计了专门的供油回路,通过电磁阀控制系统,实现多个油位不同时序的控制动作,时序控制精度达到1ms。给出了详细的系统设计回路,并对关键部件参数进行了计算。点火试验表明该系统可以为点火器提供稳定的空气和氢气,点火器正常时间超过500ms。在脉冲式直连式试验台上,进行了乙烯燃料超燃发动机试验,对该套供油系统进行了测试。试验监控了供油管道及模型壁面的压力分布,供油压力在试验时间内波动小于3%,发动机壁面压力显示燃烧性能良好。空气节流试验表明,该系统提供的时长为100ms、压力为4.7MPa的节流空气成功点燃了乙烯。     

非预混喷注对旋转爆震发动机影响的数值研究

为了研究真实情况下非预混喷注对旋转爆震发动机工作过程的影响,采用氢氧7组分8步化学反应的基元反应模型,忽略黏性、热传导和扩散等输运效应。对真实情况下燃料(H₂)和氧化剂(Air)分开喷注的旋转爆轰发动机进行三维数值模拟,深入分析了非预混条件下的旋转爆震波流场结构,探讨了燃料喷注方式对发动机性能的影响。计算结果表明:本文方法可有效模拟燃料与氧化剂非预混喷注的旋转爆震波流场。在给定的计算条件下,不同喷注方式发动机的爆震波平均传播速度大约为1640~1840 m/s;平均推力为90~100 N;基于混合物的比冲为820~900 m/s。随着燃料喷注位置的前移,发动机性能明显提高;燃料喷注角度对发动机性能影响较小,随着喷注角度的减小,发动机性能逐渐提高,提高幅度较小;燃料双侧喷注的性能明显优于单侧喷注。旋转爆震发动机的性能与燃料/氧化剂的冷流掺混效果成正比。     

The design of a nuclear power supply with a 50 year lifeexpectancy: the JPL Voyager's SiGe MHW RTG

Between 25 and 30 years ago, the IECEC Proceedings carried a series of papers by the present authors and other members of a JPL team on the problems and the desirable design features associated with the MHW RTGs to be used to power JPL's Voyager I and II spacecraft. The Voyager I and II spacecraft successfully completed their original 12 year missions 10 years ago and are at distances of over 55 AU and 70 AU from the sun. The power systems worked almost precisely as predicted. The Voyager spacecraft seem to have several decades of life left to make measurements outside the solar system. This paper gives a technical overview of the design process and problems     

借鉴国外解决航班延误的办法

世界范围内的航空公司均有航班延误现象发生,导致延误的影响因素较多,但国内现有解决航班延误问题的方法似乎较少,官方文件仅有民航总局公布的《航班延误经济补偿指导意见》,而国外一些国家针对航班延误问题的解决方式,或许对解决我国民航航班延误问题能够有所借鉴     

高固体漆的应用

根据环保要求,航空用油漆正在逐渐由传统型转变成环保型。本文介绍了高固体漆在飞机上应用的现状以及存在的问题。     

如何看待中美航权的进一步开放

自2004年《中美航空运输协定》签署以来,中美航权问题一直是业内争论的热点话题,而前不久在第二次中美战略经济对话期间,中美航空运输当局签署的新航权协议,又一次引起广泛关注。新协议规定,在2007～2012年的5年内,中美双方在美国至中国东部地区的客运运力将逐步增加到70班/周,这相当于到2012年,每天从美国飞往中国的航班数量在今年的基础上将增加一倍,即美国的航空公司往返中美两国间的每日航班数将由目前的10班增至23班。同时,我国中部地区(安徽、湖南、湖北、江西、河南、山西)至美国的直达航空运输市场将完全开放。中国的航空公司也可以不受限制地进入这一市场。     

乘坐新航去欧洲

每年八九月份,是上海至欧洲空中航线的旺季,出行机票十分紧张,分析了一下原因,此时正值欧洲入学的高峰,又是欧洲人士外出度假的黄金时段。当我临时策划去德国旅游而一票难求时,业内人士建议我不妨乘坐新加坡航空公司的航班从上海到新加     

Turbulence modeling with application to turbomachinery

The prediction of turbulent flows is a nontrivial problem in internal and external aerodynamics and in many other branches of engineering. The problem appears in perhaps its greatest generality in gas turbines, where predictions of turbine blade temperature are crucial to engine efficiency or life, and predictions of the composition of combustion products is essential in meeting environmental regulations. Therefore it is logical, and hopefully useful, to make turbomachinery problems the theme of a discussion of the current state of turbulence modeling. The present article contains enough background on the physics of turbulence to illuminate the problems of modeling, but it is not a review of turbulence research in general. Topics of current concern which are dealt with in detail include the validity of the ‘law of the wall’, the universal near-wall scaling which is the foundation of prediction methods for attached flows and the effect of compressibility on turbulence.