TiAl合金表面激光重熔Al_2O_3-13wt%TiO_2复合陶瓷涂层组织结构

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了Al2O3-13wt%TiO2复合陶瓷涂层.为了减少重熔层裂纹等缺陷,采用较低的激光功率和能最密度进行重熔.用扫描电镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和相组成.结果表明,经过激光重熔处理后,陶瓷涂层颗粒细化,片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,获得了基本没有裂纹等缺陷的重熔层;激光重熔亚稳相γ-Al2O3转变为稳定相α-Al2O3;由于陶瓷材料导热系数较低的影响,激光重熔时无法使整个陶瓷层实现重熔,重熔后的陶瓷涂层形成了晶粒细小的等轴品重熔区、烧结区以及片层状残余等离子喷涂区.     

TA2钛表面激光合金化制备耐1000℃高温氧化Ti_5Si_3/Ti_3Al复合涂层

为了提高钛和钛合金表面的抗高温氧化能力,使用先预置一层硅粉后预置一层铝粉方式,采用激光合金化技术在TA2钛表面制备出耐1000℃高温的Ti_5Si_3/Ti_3Al复合涂层,并采用XRD、SEM和等温氧化技术对激光合金化后涂层的组织特征和1000℃、50h空气等温氧化性能进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:涂层主要由初生的Ti_5Si_3相和Ti_5Si_3/Ti_3Al共晶组织组成;复合涂层经过1000℃、50h空气等温氧化后的氧化增重速率约为基体的1/12;复合涂层的氧化产物主要是Ti O_2、Al_2O_3和SiO_2;复合涂层中Ti_5Si_3和Ti_3Al两相的存在是其抗高温氧化性能提高的主要原因。     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-MgAl_2O_4三元纳米复相陶瓷的微观组织和力学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-MgAl2O4纳米复合粉体.利用真空热压烧结技术制备了Al2O3-30mol%ZrO2-30mol%MgAl2O4(AZ30S30)三元纳米复相陶瓷.微观组织研究表明:所得纳米复相陶瓷是一种典型的"晶间/晶内"复合型纳米结构,基体氧化铝和第二相均为等轴状,氧化铝晶间散布着氧化锆和尖晶石第二相晶粒,同时有大量的球形氧化锆小颗粒分散在基体氧化铝晶粒内.对不同晶粒尺度复相陶瓷的断裂韧性测试及纳米压痕实验表明:微米级复相陶瓷的最大硬度为22GPa,而纳米复相陶瓷具有更好的力学性能,其硬度随着晶粒尺寸的减小而增加,最大可达35GPa.微米级复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为8.9MPa·m1/2,而纳米复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为10.04MPa·m1/2,其增韧机理主要为ZrO2相变复合增韧、"内晶"型纳米颗粒韧化以及细晶韧化.     

铝合金等离子体微弧氧化陶瓷层组织与性能研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了LY12铝合金表面陶瓷层的形貌和相组成,用纳米显微力学探针测定了陶瓷层的纳米硬度和弹性模量。结果表明,陶瓷层具有表面疏松层和内部致密层两层结构,陶瓷层主要由α Al2O3和γ Al2O3组成,纳米硬度和弹性模量在陶瓷层截面的分布情况相似,由内层到外层呈降低趋势。     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光等离子复合喷涂Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层的研究

利用一种全新的激光等离子同时复合喷涂加工技术,成功在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层,并研究了激光功率对涂层结构和性能的影响.利用SEM、光学显微镜法、XRD、显微硬度计等分析测试手段研究了在不同激光功率下的涂层形貌、孔隙率、相组成、显微硬度.结果表明:Al-Si过渡层明显改善了涂层与基体的结...     

Y_2O_3掺杂对原位合成TiB/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助于XRD,SEM分析及力学性能测试,分析了Y2O3掺杂对原位合成TiB/TiAl复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响.研究表明:Ti-Al-B-Y2O3,体系反应产物的相组成基体为Ti3Al和TiAl相,增强相为TiB,并有微量的Al2O3,YAl3(BO3).相生成.Y2O3的引入,改变了基体TiAl相和Ti,Al相相对含量,生成的YAl3(BO3)4为陶瓷相,其微细、均匀地扩散到基体内部,可细化晶粒.力学性能测试表明,Y2O3的引入能有效改善复合材料的力学性能.     

低红外发射率迷彩填料的制备及光谱特性

采用化学液相沉淀法获得了具有核层结构的 Al/ SiO2/Fe2O3颜料,在基本不改变Al粉在8～14靘波段红外发射率的情况下,实现了片状Al粉的物理着色.分析了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解一缩聚反应及氯化铁水解反应机理,并以此制备了Al/SiO2/Fe2O3三层结构的复合粒子,研究了包覆的工艺条件.通过扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收谱等方法对包膜后的片状Al粉粒子进行了分析与表征.实验结果表明,通过液相沉积法在Al粉表面成功包覆了SiO2/Fe2O3薄膜,得到了低红外发射率的迷彩Al粉颜料.     

SHS法制备硼化物陶瓷粉体的表征分析

采用自蔓延高温还原合成方法制备TiB2,TiB2-Al2O3和ZrB2-Al2O3陶瓷粉末.利用XRD,XPS,SEM以及TEM等分析测试手段对合成粉末进行表征和分析.结果表明,TiB2,ZrB2和Al2O3分别以主晶相的形式存在于所合成的各自粉体之中.相比之下,TiB2单相陶瓷粉末颗粒分布较宽.由于自蔓延高温合成(SHS)温度很高,部分颗粒形成团聚,宏观上使颗粒的平均粒径变大(＞5μm);而TiB2-Al2O3和ZrB2-Al2O3复合陶瓷粉末,因合成过程中Al2O3的形成,使得颗粒粒度分布明显变窄,分布均匀,颗粒尺寸也相应减小.分析认为这主要与复合粉末合成过程中,不同颗粒间形成良好结合的界面有关.     

熔铝氧化渗透合成SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料的微观结构分析

以低成本的熔铝氧化渗透合成新方法制备了SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料.借助X光电子谱(XPS)、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究了该种复合材料的微观结构,并分析了影响微观结构的主要因素及其影响规律.结果表明,Al2O3和Al作为复合材料基体呈双连续分布,它们各自的含量可在较大范围内受SiC颗粒的粒度所控制.在熔铝氧化渗透合成的SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料中,各组成相之间无界面反应,也无晶间相,Al2O3在SiC颗粒表面二次形核并直接生长的现象普遍存在,并由此形成了具有良好物理冶金结合的Al2O3-SiC一体化陶瓷骨架.     

工艺参数对2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响

研究了正／负向电流密度、频率和正／负向占空比对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）,分析了不同氧化时间陶瓷层表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成,讨论了陶瓷层的生长过程。研究表明,正／负向电流密度相同时,随电流密度的增加膜层厚度增大;而当正向电流密度相同时,负向电流密度增加有利于膜层的生长;成膜速率随脉冲频率和负向占空比增加,均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;陶瓷层总厚度随氧化时间接近于线性增长,致密层占总膜层的比例先快速增加,其后略微下降。SEM结果显示,随氧化时间延长,样品表面膜厚度趋于均匀,界面处氧化膜变得比较平坦。陶瓷层主要由α—Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,随氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3相在陶瓷层中的相对含量逐渐减少。而α-Al2O3相的含量逐渐提高。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.