CFM56-5B发动机振动监控系统原理及应用

发动机N1、N2转子的振动值作为发动机运行、监控的重要参数,为发动机运行过程中提前发现潜在故障提供重要参考。本文从发动机振动指示的原理、发动机状态监控、典型故障分析三个方向,全面解读发动机振动监控系统。     

航空发动机整机振动典型故障分析

为解决航空发动机整机振动问题,根据测试结果描述了航空发动机整机振动的3种典型故障:转子热弯曲引发的振动故障、转静子碰摩引发的振动故障和甩油孔位置不当引发的自激振动故障,说明了振动故障的特征,经分析认为故障发生的原因为甩油孔位置不当引发的自激振动,给出了排除上述故障的措施,经验证,排故效果良好,证明了采用的排故措施有效.     

V2500—A5发动机在使用过程中N1转子振动指示大的处理

本文从南方航空公司A320机队维护经验出发，给出了V2500－A5发动机N1振动指示大故障的一些预防措施和主要排故经验总结，供同行商讨交流。     

对CFM56-3C发动机核心机区域电插头故障分析与维护建议

在波音737-300机群内,经常出现发动机 EGT、VIE指示摆动或者无指示及火警故障等等,其中大部分故障原因是CFM56-3C核心机内位于吊架位置上两对大插头存在缺陷而引起的,即:左发的D3324/D1210及D3302/D1208插头;和右发的D3326/D1210及D3304/D1208插头. 发动机核心机部件上相关传感、反馈、控制信号都是经过这两对插头转接的.为了增加这两对插头的插钉、插孔之间的导电性能和防腐,在插钉、插孔的外表面镀了一层黄金保护层.但由于这两对插头位于高温、高振动的发动机的C函道内,经常受到高温气体的侵蚀及振动的影响,使插头的填充材料变质、插头损坏或插头松动,同时,该区域接近空间狭小,工作者在拆卸、安装、拧紧这些插头时,困难较大,也易出现插头的松动或损坏、线束与周围管路或结构的摩擦,引起短路或开路.这些都会导致如振动指示、EGT指示异常或发动机火警探测失效或发动机引气故障.     

小型短寿命涡扇发动机涡轮叶片疲劳失效分析

针对某小型短寿命涡扇发动机台架试车中涡轮叶片断裂故障,进行了叶片断口分析、振动监测信号对比和结构动力学特性分析.讨论了叶片的固有振动特性与激振因素,阐明了该叶片故障主要是由叶片机匣严重碰摩激起的叶片以第一阶、第二阶及其耦合模态自由振动,导致的叶片根部高周疲劳破坏.提出合理控制转静子初始间隙和提高叶片根部阻尼,能有效防止该类型故障发生.      

航空发动机转子盘腔积油振动故障分析

结合工程中航空发动机转子在试验中遇到的积油振动问题,从积油振动理论、动力学特性和振动信号分析方面展开研究,剖析了转子盘腔积液故障机理,获得了所引起转子失稳振动的特征及规律,建立了盘腔积油故障识别的流程和准则,以及其振动监控指导.研究表明:积油在转子临界转速以上的特定区域才会产生明显的次谐波振动,引起转子自激振动,自激振...     

民用涡扇发动机振动因子试验试飞方法研究

振动故障是航空发动机常见且危害较大的故障,对发动机进行转子平衡是降低发动机振动的重要措施。目前先进的飞机可以利用机载设备和航线飞行记录的振动数据进行低压转子振动配平方案计算,而发动机振动因子是机载设备计算配平方案的关键要素。发动机振动因子需通过大量的试验试飞获取数据并计算得出,介绍了振动因子的计算方法、振动因子的形式,对获取振动因子计算数据的试验试飞方法进行了研究,并给出了振动因子数据处理方法。     

WP6发动机振动故障分析

介绍了WP6发动机振动故障的特点,对振动故障发生的原因进行了分析,并提出了预防措施.     

某型航空发动机振动故障树的建立

针对某型发动机结构特点以及装配过程中与振动相关要素的分析,建立了该型发动机振动故障的故障树,依据故障树对该型发动机生产过程中常见振动故障案例进行了分析,总结出该型发动机常见振动故障诊断及排除方法。     

PW4000发动机典型振动故障及排故方法

发动机的振动故障是发动机较为常见的一种故障,在飞行过程中会对飞机造成安全影响,甚至导致空难。在发动机维修与试车过程中,振动故障的排除一直是难题。本文根据生产经验,总结了PW4000发动机试车中常见的振动故障及相应的排故方法。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。