An investigation of the solar cycle impact on the lower thermosphere O(S) nightglow emission as observed by WINDII/UARS

The yearly variation of the integrated emission rate of the O(¹S) nightglow in the lower thermosphere is studied and the solar cycle impact is examined from the observations of the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) operated on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). More than 300,000 volume emission rate profiles of the O(¹S) nightglow observed by WINDII for 40°S–40°N latitudes during November 1991–August 1997 over half of a solar cycle are utilized. These profiles are vertically integrated for the altitude range of 80–100 km and the equivalent column integrated emission rates are then zonally averaged for bins with 10° latitude and 3 month intervals. It is found that for each latitude the O(¹S) nightglow emission rate appears to increase with increasing solar F10.7 cm flux, following a linear relationship. This characterizes the solar cycle impact on the O(¹S) nightglow, while the solar influence is modulated by a seasonal variation. Based on these variations, an empirical formula is derived for predicting the three-month averages of the O(¹S) nightglow integrated emission rate. The standard error of the estimated values from the formula is smaller than 30 Rayleigh.     

双经纬仪三维测量最佳布局

用四个参数描述双经纬仪三维测量的布局,把测量不确定度表示为测量区域坐标点的函数,并以四个布局参数为优化变量,以测量区域中最大测量不确定度为目标函数进行优化,得到最佳测量布局。     

轴类零件三维尺寸自动标注算法

针对尺寸自动标注仅限于表达产品的几何信息而未关注其功能特性,从而导致所标注的尺寸无法恰当地描述产品设计意图的问题,提出一种基于产品功能特性的三维尺寸自动标注算法.首先,根据零件的功能构造了尺寸标注基准集;其次,建立了轴向尺寸标注优先级确定准则,构造轴向尺寸集,并采用图论法消除了尺寸冗余;然后,构建径向尺寸集,并采用尺寸冗余度法删除其中的冗余尺寸;最后,通过实例测试,验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性.     

3D information from 2D images recorded in the European Modular Cultivation System on the ISS

The European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) on the ISS allows long-term biological experiments, e.g. on plants. Video cameras provide near real-time 2D images from these experiments. A method to obtain 3D coordinates and stereoscopic images from these 2D images has been developed and is described in this paper. The procedure was developed to enhance the data output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment in 2007. One of the main objectives of the experiment was to study growth movements of the Arabidopsis plants and the effect of gravity on these. 3D data were important during parts of the experiment and the paper presents the method developed to acquire 3D data, the accuracy of the data, limitations to the technique and ways to improve the accuracy. Sequences of 3D data obtained from the MULTIGEN-1 experiment are used to illustrate the potential of this newfound capability of the EMCS. In the experiment setup, a positional depth accuracy of about ±0.4 mm for relative object distances and an absolute depth accuracy of about ±1.4 mm for time dependent phenomena was reached. The ability to both view biological specimens in 3D as well as obtaining quantitative 3D data added greatly to the scientific output of the MULTIGEN-1 experiment. The uses of the technique to other researchers and their experiments are discussed.     

两种间接三维测试技术在航天领域的应用

针对航天领域实际生产中存在的被测对象,提出了两种间接式三维测量方法。即基于视觉技术的测量方法和基于经纬仪技术的测量方法,并分析了它们各自的关键技术。这两种方法针对其各自不同的测量对象能有效地实现大尺寸的空间三维测量。     

单幅图像的三维重构视觉系统特征点提取算法的研究与实现

实现基于单幅二维图像不标定欧氏重构三维场景的关键技术之一是有效提取彩色伪随机编码图像特征角点。为给图像特征点匹配提供更多的样本信息,采用定位于彩色图像Harris算子探测特征角点,并动态给出角点响应的自适应阈值条件。特征点提取实验及三维欧氏重构结果证实了该方法的适用性和有效性。     

Performance assessment of real-time orbit determination for the Haiyang-2D using onboard BDS-3/GPS observations

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers equipped on the Haiyang-2D (HY-2D) satellite is capable of tracking the signals of both the third generation of BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS-3) and the Global Positioning System (GPS), which make it feasible to assess the performance of real-time orbit determination (RTOD) for the HY-2D using onboard GNSS observations. In this study, the achievable accuracy and convergence time of RTOD for the HY-2D using onboard BDS-3 and GPS observations are analyzed. Benefiting from the binary-offset-carrier (BOC) modulation, the BDS-3 C1X signal includes less noise than the GPS C1C signal, which has the same signal frequency and chipping rate. The root mean squares (RMS) of the noises of C1X and C1C code measurements are 0.579 m and 1.636 m, respectively. Thanks to a ten-times higher chipping rate, the code measurements of BDS-3 C5P, GPS C1W and C2W are less noisy. The RMS of code noises of BDS-3 C5P, GPS C1W, and C2W are 0.044 m, 0.386 m, and 0.272 m, respectively. For the HY-2D orbit, the three-dimensional (3D) and radial accuracies can reach 31.8 cm and 7.5 cm with only BDS-3 observations, around 50 % better than the corresponding accuracies with GPS. Better performance of the BDS-3 in RTOD for the HY-2D is attributed to the high quality of its broadcast ephemeris. When random parameters are used to absorb ephemeris errors, substantial improvement is seen in the accuracy of HY-2D orbit with either BDS-3 or GPS. The 3D RMS of HY-2D orbit errors with BDS-3 and GPS are enhanced to 23.1 cm and 33.6 cm, and the RMS of the radial components are improved to 6.1 cm and 13.3 cm, respectively. The convergence time is 41.6 and 75.5 min for the RTOD with BDS-3 and GPS, while it is reduced to 39.2 and 27.4 min after the broadcast ephemeris errors are absorbed by random parameters. Overall, the achievable accuracy of RTOD with BDS-3 reaches decimeter level, which is even better than that with GPS, making real-time navigation using onboard BDS-3 observations a feasible choice for future remote sensing missions.