DOMESTIC BRIEFS(Nov.1-30)

▲Since November, Chinese airlines started to charge cargo security insurance surplus on international flights (excluding the domestic segment of the international routes) and Hong Kong and Macau flights to or from the mainland of China. ▲Since November, due to the war in Afghanistan, many flights of foreign airlines took the routes in Xinjiang ATC area resulted in 35% flight flow growth. ▲Since Nov. 2 Beijing time, Sanya ATC area started to provide air traffic service to flights in…     

Thermal comfort assessment in civil aircraft cabins

Aircraft passengers are more and demanding in terms of thermal comfort. But it is not yet easy for aircraft crew to control the environment control system(ECS) that satisfies the thermal comfort for most passengers due to a number of causes. This paper adopts a corrected predicted mean vote(PMV) model and an adaptive model to assess the thermal comfort conditions for 31 investigated flights and draws the conclusion that there does exist an uncomfortable thermal phenomenon in civil aircraft cabins, especially in some short-haul continental flights. It is necessary to develop an easy way to predict the thermal sensation of passengers and to direct the crew to control ECS. Due to the assessment consistency of the corrected PMV model and the adaptive model, the adaptive model of thermal neutrality temperature can be used as a method to predict the cabin optimal operative temperature. Because only the mean outdoor effective temperature ET* of a departure city is an input variable for the adaptive model, this method can be easily understood and implemented by the crew and can satisfy 80–90% of the thermal acceptability levels of passengers.     

Breakthrough Needed for the Work of Flight Standard

China civil aviation is at present in a crucial time of reform and development, faced with major tasks of separating business operations from government administration, transferring the responsibilities of the administration, and the strategic regroup of enterprises. The rapid growth of the national economy lays a good foundation for China civil aviation. The economy globalization, the trade deregularization, and the regulation integration brought both the opportunity and the challenge to Chin…     

Road To Growth A story about Xiangyin Group

The Shanghai Airport Co Ltd set up guide posts at arrival and departure halls to provide information for passengers when Pudong International Airport was put into operation in August, 1999. In 2001, international flights at Hongqiao Airport were moved to Pudong Airport. With a big increase of flights at Pudong Airport, the company set up information desks at the     

Airport City——A visit to Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands

Gerlack J Cerfontaine, president and chief executive officer of Schiphol Group in the Netherlands, announced at the New Year's Press Conference that Amsterdam Schiphol Airport handled 42.5 million passengers in 2004, up 6.5 percent over 2003. Its cargo volume broke the record to reach 1.4 milliontons, an increase of 8.5 per cent over the previous year.The airport handled 402,700 flights, a rise of 2.5 percent.It ranked fourth in carrying passengers and third in ca…     

NWA Outlines Its Competitive Advantages In China——An interview with Phil Haan, executive vice president of Northwest Airlines

Phil Haan, executive vice president of international,alliances and information technology of NorthwestAirlines, and chairman of NWA Cargo, outlined theairlines' competitive advantages in the China market as wellas its continued commitment to serving the needs oftravellers in China on April 12 in an interview with AirportJournal.“China is an exciting, growing market and has played akey part in Northwest’s Asia/Pacific passenger and cargonetworks,” Haan said.Northwest Airlines is the wo…     

Secondary trading of airport slots: Issues and challenges

Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight delays. Airlines have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such airports. The main way for airlines to acquire slots is primary slot allocation, in which a slot coordinator distributes slots to airlines according to certain rules and regulations. Due to excessive demand for slots and restrictions on allocation rules, it is difficult for some airlines to obtain the desired slots in this manner.Another wa...     

Go For The Future——Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Party

Chivas Regal, the world's favorite premium Scotchwhisky, hosted the Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Partyat Riverside Avenue in Pudong on April 15, 2005.Riding on the futuristic theme, Chivas Regal providedan ultimate party experience for the Shanghai residents,inspiring them to transcend today and step into the ChivasLife of 2070.The Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Party will visit sevencities in China from April 15 to mid-June, including Shanghai,Beijing, Guangzhou and etc. The party on …     

The World Expects Expo 2010 Shanghai-——A glimpse of “the Shanghai Week” at Expo 2005 Aichi Japan

Expo2005Aichi Japan displayed man's wisdomthrough the theme of Nature's Wisdom.``The Shanghai Week'at China Hall showedvisitors``wonderful Shanghai and harmonious life,'addingan unforgettable page to China Hall and Expo2005Aichi.People had a deep understanding of the great glamourof the world's Olympics in the field of economy,culture,science and technology when they read the figures--22.05million visitors,271authentications of the environmentalprotection of halls and venues,50out of mo…     

Joining the World Trade Organization With a Cool Head

On Nov. 11 the Doha meeting completed the formal approval procedures for China to join the WTO, putting a perfect end to the too long wait of the Chinese.15 years have passed since China began its efforts in entering the WTO. China set off on its way to ＂return to the GATT＂ with the development of its reforms in 1986. From that time till its success today, the name of the negotiations changed and the negotiators got old. This process is a memory of vicissitudes.Now the WTO is really …     

Ameco-Beijing——a big name in a booming market

Catching up with the fast development of worldeconomy,China pulled up its bamboo curtain andsponsored an even more faster revolution of economytill 1978.The cooperation with German Lufthansa isone of China’s major steps to upgrade its civil avia-tion industry.The Aircraft Maintenance＆EngineeringCo.-Beijing(Ameco-Binjing),a partnership start-ed in 1989 by Air China and German Lufthansa is thelargest and the most powerful civil aircraft mainte-nance company in China.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simula-tion.     

JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE POWER Published quarterly by The Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The Journal of Aerospace Power is a leading publication of its kind in China devoted to the advancement of the science and technology of aerospace power.It provides a common medium through which academic and industrial researchers and designers can communicate results, review progress and identify requirements for further work in this increasingly significant field.      

Precession–nutation correction for star tracker attitude measurement of STECE satellite

Space Technology Experiment and Climate Exploration(STECE) is a small satellite mission of China for space technology experiment and climate exploration. A new test star tracker and one ASTRO 10 star tracker have been loaded on the STECE satellite to test the new star tracker's measurement performance. However,there is no autonomous precession–nutation correction function for the test star tracker,which causes an apparent periodic deflection in the inter-boresight angle between the two star trackers with respect to each other of up to ±500 arcsec,so the precession and nutation effect needs to be considered while assessing the test star tracker. This paper researches on the precession–nutation correction for the test star tracker's attitude measurement and presents a precession–nutation correction method based on attitude quaternion data. The periodic deflection of the inter-boresight angle between the two star trackers has been greatly eliminated after the precession and nutation of the test star tracker's attitude data have been corrected by the proposed method and the validity of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated. The in-flight accuracy of the test star tracker has been assessed like attitude noise and low-frequency errors after the precession–nutation correction.     

Airbus'''' 20 Years In China——An interview with Airbus Senior Vice President Laurence

This year is the20th anniversary of Airbus'entry intothe China market.In the past20years,Airbus hasexpanded its business in China by making technologytransfer and efficient industrial co-operation with Chinese aviationmanufacturers.China plays an important role in Airbus'global strategy.The company hopes to further expand the all-round co-operationwith the country.Both sides wish to reach a win-win success inthe future co-operation.On the afternoon of October31,Laurence,senior vicepresiden…     

Vulnerability analysis for airport networks based on fuzzy soft sets: From the structural and functional perspective

Recently,much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure.In air traffic systems,the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic administrations in their prioritization of the maintenance and repair of airports,as well as to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the planning of flight schedules.In this paper,the evaluation methods of airport importance and network efficiency are established.Firstly,the evaluation indices of airport importance are proposed from both the topological and functional perspectives.The topological characteristics come from the structure of airport network and the functional features stem from the traffic flow distribution taking place inside the network.Secondly,an integrated evaluation method based on fuzzy soft set theory is proposed to identify the key airports,which can fuse together importance indices over different time intervals.Thirdly,an airport network efficiency method is established for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the evaluation method.Finally,empirical studies using real traffic data of US and China’s airport networks show that the evaluation method proposed in this paper is the most accurate.The vulnerability of US and China’s airport networks is compared.The similarities and differences between airport geography distribution and airport importance distribution are discussed here and the dynamics of airport importance is studied as well.     

A fully automated framework for helicopter rotor blades design and analysis including aerodynamics,structure, and manufacturing

This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects (performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects (configuration visualiza-tion and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter config-uration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representa-tion. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for real-istic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part, and materials. A number of codes and commercial software (ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, PreVABS, etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sec-tional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation of composite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory (AADL), Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

Modeling and Backstepping-based Nonlinear Control Strategy for a 6 DOF Quadrotor Helicopter

In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.     

Splendid Airport Spirit——a story about the airport guarantee for the Shanghai Co-operation Organization Summit

President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Central Military Commission, met representatives of personnel working for the Shanghai Co-operation Organization Summit on the afternoon of June 16. On behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, Hu expressed his heartfelt gratitude and sincere greetings to those who have contributed to the summit. He said the summit has closed. In the preparation pr…