无人机空中加油自主会合的制导与控制

针对无人机空中加油的自主会合问题,进行了相应制导律和非线性控制器的设计。通过改进的带角度约束的三维比例制导律实现对航向角的控制,以协调转弯的方式将航迹角指令转化为姿态角指令。基于无人机六自由度的动力学模型,针对无人机的姿态控制,采用时标分离的方法设计了慢子系统和快子系统,并对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计。同时,基于滑模控制的方法设计了满足自主会合要求的速度控制律。在保证无人机飞行稳定的基础上,实现了对控制和制导指令的精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律和控制律能够实现无人机空中加油的自主会合,具有良好的动态特性。     

可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术展望

针对当前可重复使用飞行器的发展现状,总结了其特点、优势和发展趋势.通过飞行任务,分析了可重复使用飞行器所面临的复杂环境特性和飞行控制特性.从飞行控制角度出发,概括了可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制所面临的技术挑战,包括高精度导航技术、多约束航迹优化技术、再入段和能量管理段的制导技术以及强耦合强不确定强鲁棒姿态控制技术等.最后,针对技术挑战,对可重复使用飞行器导航制导控制技术提出了若干建议.     

低成本多传感器组合导航系统在小型无人机自主飞行中的研究与应用

为了满足小型无人机自主控制系统对导航系统性能的要求,研究低成本的基于微机电系统的捷联惯性导航系统(MEMS-SINS)/全球定位系统(GPS)/磁强计组合导航系统。提出一种利用磁强计辅助MEMS-SINS的静基座初始姿态确定方法,采用四元数误差模型对MEMS-SINS/GPS/磁强计组合导航系统进行信息融合的建模,采用基于正交三角(QR)分解的平方根无色卡尔曼滤波(UKF)非线性估计方法对组合导航系统进行数据融合,克服由于计算机舍入误差引起的状态协方差阵的计算值失去非负定性甚至对称性,通过小型无人机的自主飞行试验,证实MEMS-SINS/GPS/磁强计组合导航算法满足小型无人机自主控制系统的要求。     

Integrated guidance and control design of a flight vehicle with side-window detection

This paper considers the guidance and control problem of a flight vehicle with side-window detection. In order to guarantee the target remaining in the seeker's sight of view, the line of sight and the attitude of the flight vehicle should be under some constraints caused by the side-window, which leads to coupling between the guidance and the attitude dynamics model. To deal with the side-window constraints and the coupling, a novel Integrated Guidance and Control (IGC) design approach is proposed. Firstly, the relative motion equations are derived in the body-Line of Sight (LOS) coordinate system. And the guidance and control problem of the flight vehicle is formulated into an IGC problem with state constraints. Then, based on the singular perturbation method, the IGC problem is decomposed into the control design of the quasi-steady-state subsystem and the boundary-layer subsystem which can be designed separately. Finally, the receding horizon control is applied to the control design for the two subsystems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

航天器快捷交会技术分析

快捷交会对航天乘员与飞行任务都是非常有利的。快捷交会的基本原理是减少调相段飞行圈数;为此,需设计可完成一系列交会程序的较短的飞行时间,并获得与飞行时间相匹配的较小的初相角。快捷交会的关键技术包括提高入轨精度,增强追踪飞行器的自主计算与轨道控制能力,扩大地面站覆盖范围,以及对目标飞行器轨道的精准调整。     

基于信息一致性的无人机紧密编队集结控制

提出了基于信息一致性的分段式无人机紧密编队集结控制策略,将集结过程分为3步:参考集结点选取和目标集结点分配、形成松散编队以及形成紧密编队。首先,以线切入预定航线的方式计算参考集结点,按照松散编队队形展开生成目标集结点,并利用基于三维距离空间的优化选择算法,将目标集结点快速、准确地分配给每架无人机。然后,使用速度一致性实现向目标集结点定点集结和向松散编队伴航集结,通过非精确的航迹控制快速形成松散编队,提高编队集结的效率。接下来,启动速度、姿态一致性来实现编队最终的精确航迹控制,并逐步压缩编队队形进入紧密编队,避免发生碰撞,完成从松散编队到紧密编队的平稳过渡,同时准确地跟踪预定航线。使用协同修正方法抑制了测量误差、协同误差和通信延迟,提高了紧密编队的稳定性和控制精度。最后,基于MATLAB平台环境对所提三维集结控制策略进行了仿真,验证了其合理性与有效性。     

基于双ARM系统的MIMU航姿测量系统的 研究及实现

针对小型无人机武器平台对航姿系统小型化、低成本、集成化的设计要求,提出了一种基于双ARM系统的MIMU航姿测量系统,实现了单板集成所有惯性测量、初始对准、惯性导航、组合导航,以及航姿测量等功能.通过车载导航试验及飞行试验考核,该系统可以满足用户应用需求.     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling and simulation of an atmospheric re-entry spacecraft

This paper discusses the dynamic modeling and simulation techniques for the X-38 re-entry spacecraft, a prototype crew return vehicle (CRV) for the international space station (ISS). A general simulator for atmospheric re-entry dynamics (GESARED) was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The 6 degree-of-freedom re-entry flight dynamics were modeled to achieve minimum restrictions and singularities. Quaternion representation of vehicle attitude was used to avoid computational singularities in angular kinematic model equations. The Earth's atmosphere, Earth's shape and gravitational potential were modeled appropriately. The vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics, navigation sensors, and the actuator dynamics were also modeled and implemented. Several numerical simulation tests and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model equations and the simulator.     

基于车载平台的飞行管理系统DR/GPS 导航试验验证

飞行管理系统是民用飞机的关键航空电子系统。飞行管理系统制造商有责任对飞行管理系统开展大 量的试验以验证飞行管理系统功能和性能的符合性。考虑数字验证的局限性和飞行试验验证的巨大代价,本文 利用车载平台开展飞行管理系统综合导航功能的验证,试验结果表明设计的飞行管理系统DR/GPS 导航方法能 够满足95% 的飞行时间水平方向达到0.1 海里的导航精度要求,为实际的飞行测试提供了试验数据参考。     

高超声速飞行器组合导航算法

以高超声速飞行器为对象,建立了卫星/惯性组合导航模型。选择组合系统的状态量并建立状态方程,推导位置观测方程和速度观测方程,通过位置、速度交替组合实现卫星/惯性系统的组合。通过仿真验证算法的有效性,仿真结果表明卫星/惯性组合导航可以得到较好的位置和速度信息,适中的姿态精度信息。     

Survey of orbital dynamics and control of space rendezvous

Rendezvous orbital dynamics and control （RODC） is a key technology for operating space rendezvous and docking missions. This paper surveys the studies on RODC. Firstly, the basic relative dynamics equation set is introduced and its improved versions are evaluated. Secondly, studies on rendezvous trajectory optimization are commented from three aspects： the linear rendez- vous, the nonlinear two-body rendezvous, and the perturbed and constrained rendezvous. Thirdly, studies on relative navigation are briefly reviewed, and then close-range control methods including automated control, manual control, and telecontrol are analyzed. Fourthly, advances in rendezvous trajectory safety and robust analysis are surveyed, and their applications in trajectory optimization are discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and prospects of studies on RODC are presented.     

民用涡扇发动机预测控制器设计

对一定包线范围内的稳态预测控制器和加速减速过渡态控制器设计展开研究.针对某大涵道比民用涡扇发动机,根据发动机进口参数的相对变化指标对控制区域进行划分,以标称点处发动机线性模型为对象设计了相应的预测控制器,利用提出的多层参数调度方案实现了不同飞行条件及不同发动机状态下预测控制器参数的自适应调整.仿真结果表明:所设计的发动机预测控制系统在控制区域内的设计点和非设计点均具有良好的性能,为全包线设计提供了有效方法.     

某歼击机全机疲劳试验和破坏分析

 本文简要介绍了某歼击机42点协调加载疲劳试验的方案选择和试验支持方式、加载装置、综合安全保护系统特点及破坏情况和结果分析。此外还介绍了全数字直接控制协调加载系统和控制程序系统的设计特点。     

基于UKF自主定姿方法研究

轻小型飞行器在飞行中卫星导航失效时,余度控制回路要求导航系统具有自主确定姿态的能力.提出了基于IMU的输出确定水平姿态的方法,并采用UKF实现飞行中的实时滤波估计.对某无人机实际飞行的MEMS型IMU数据进行了仿真,结果表明该方法给出的姿态角信息满足控制精度需求.将UKF与EKF滤波估计结果进行比较,UKF更具有优越性.     

微小型飞行器惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航研究

构建了微小型飞行器(MAV)导航、制导与控制(GNC)系统。研究了微惯性导航测量单元零偏的温度建模及非正交误差的多位置标定补偿方法,提出微小型飞行器导航、制导与控制系统闭环条件下,利用导航、制导与控制回路的飞行状态特征信息的微惯性组合导航系统滤波算法,根据微小型飞行器飞行状态实时调整卡尔曼滤波器的观测噪声方差,有效提高了动态过程中姿态测量精度和微小型飞行器的飞行平稳度。完成了组合导航系统滤波算法验证飞行试验及自主姿态稳定和航路飞行试验。飞行试验表明:微小型飞行器实现了自主姿态稳定与长距离超视距航路点导航飞行,航路点导航误差小于30 m,惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航系统及算法满足微小型飞行器自主飞行对导航系统的需求。     

交会对接任务轨道控制规划设计与实施简

针对我国空间交会对接轨道控制规划技术,研究了轨道交会优化、应急轨道控制、安全轨道防护和发射窗口规划等一系列关键问题.设计了全寿命周期交会对接任务轨道控制规划方案,从目标飞行器发射到飞船返回,对轨道控制进行了全程协同、全局优化.设计了相位、高度、圆化度多目标融合控制算法;建立了规划变量对远距离导引终点六自由度的独立控制方程;设计了标称整体规划与动态逐级规划相结合的多模式规划策略;基于导引终点整体调整和局部调整的方式,实现了正常和应急条件下天地导引交接点的动态规划;提出了基于飞行控制过程建模的导引终点精度分析方法,确定了地面导引向自主导引切换的关键判据;建立了多约束交会对接发射窗口模型,构建了多任务多年度发射窗口集合.交会对接轨道控制规划技术成功应用于神舟八号、神舟九号和神舟十号交会对接任务.     

A system for obstacle detection during rotorcraft low altitudeflight

An airborne vehicle such as a rotorcraft must avoid obstacles like antennas, towers, poles, fences, tree branches, and wires strung across the flight path. Automatic detection of the obstacles and generation of appropriate guidance and control actions for the vehicle to avoid these obstacles would facilitate autonomous navigation. The requirements of an obstacle detection system for rotorcraft in low-altitude Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) flight based on various rotorcraft motion constraints is analyzed here in detail. It is argued that an automated obstacle detection system for the rotorcraft scenario should include both passive and active sensors to be effective. Consequently, it introduces a maximally passive system which involves the use of passive sensors (TV, FLIR) as well as the selective use of an active (laser) sensor. The passive component is concerned with estimating range using optical flow-based motion analysis and binocular stereo. The optical flow-based motion analysis that is combined with on-board inertial navigation system (INS) to compute ranges to visible scene points is described. Experimental results obtained using land vehicle data illustrate the particular approach to motion analysis     

基于低成本MEMS器件的MUAV导航与控制系统的设计

 针对MUAV（MUAV)定点飞行任务中姿态测量精度低所导致的机体不稳定问题,提出了一种在横侧向平面通过控制航向速率陀螺保证平飞,在纵向平面采用过载控制的办法控制高度的控制方法。在此基础上,设计了四航点压线导航方式,并通过飞行试验验证了纵向和横侧向平面控制的稳定性。试验结果表明,所设计的导航与控制方法,在低精度微机电系统（MEMS）的测量装置条件下,能够满足MUAV定点、定航线飞行任务的要求。     

A rendezvous navigation algorithm for orbit determination, based on visual measurements by space vehicle crew members

At present, various radio navigation systems are employed during the automated approach of a transport vehicle to a space station. Experience has shown that emergency situations can occur in which it is necessary to revert to manual override of the automatic approach.Such situations have indeed occurred during flight operations of the space station Mir. The crews of the transport vehicles and the Mir used manual steering more than 30 times for successful docking, and four times for approach to the station.Successful manual steering demands absolute understanding of the relative orbit parameters. The decisive task of the crew is to determine these relative parameters. This is possible using visual observations from either the transport vehicle or the station using simple and reliable instruments. This article explains the algorithm for determining the relative orbits from visual crew observations, based on similarities of relative orbit families.     

航天器惯性及其组合导航技术发展现状

航天器是在地球大气层以外运动的飞行器,也包括部分从宇宙空间返回地球的飞行器。在航天器的飞行过程中,惯性敏感器是实现航天器姿态确定、速度变化测量的关键敏感器之一。随着航天器任务的不断扩展,航天器对惯性器件的使用日趋复杂,高精度定姿、惯性导航、组合导航等技术在应用深度和广度上不断发展。以此为背景,对航天器惯性技术的发展脉络进行了全面的梳理和总结,包括惯性技术的使用方式、技术现状以及未来发展等几个方面的内容。