断裂韧性K_(1C)和断裂门槛值ΔK_(th)可靠性测定方法

采用定量方程随机化方法 ,建立了断裂p JR Δa曲线方程 ,断裂p JR Δa曲线与钝化线的交点即为试验测定具有可靠度p的J积分临界值 (J1C) p值 ,根据断裂力学测试原理 ,由试验测定 (J1C) p 值可转化出断裂韧性 (K1C) p 值 ;还建立了断裂门槛ΔKth值的可靠性测定方法 ,并对试验数据进行了统计分析处理 ,得到了一些具有重要应用价值的结果和数据 .研究发现 :断裂门槛值ΔKth服从正态分布     

广义断裂等寿命曲线与二维门槛值概率分布

根据疲劳等寿命曲线思想,首次提出广义断裂等寿命ΔKth-Kmth曲线概念及其表达式,该公式具有明确的物理意义,并能合理表达疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值均值与幅值之间的关系,用以确定二维门槛值概率分布;根据相关系数优化法建立了该公式的参数估计方法,并给出了具有可靠度p的广义断裂等寿命p-ΔKth-Kmth曲线公式,以广义p-ΔKth-Kmth曲线为基础首次导出了二维断裂门槛值概率分布,最后,分别以LY11和40CrNiMoA材料为研究对象,各进行了3组不同应力均值下的门槛值试验,并运用该方法对上述试验结果进行了可靠性分析,发现精度良好.     

航空铝合金弹塑性状态疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验

研究含长裂纹薄壁结构弹塑性状态下的裂纹扩展规律对于保证机体结构安全具有重要意义.设计了民机用铝合金大宽板裂纹扩展速率测试用试验件和夹具,进行了2024-T3和7075-T6两种铝合金大宽板弹塑性状态下裂纹扩展速率测试.讨论了应力强度因子变程(ΔK)和裂纹中心线处的张开位移变程(Δδ)作为弹塑性状态下裂纹扩展速率表征参量的适用性.研究结果表明:中、高级应力水平作用下,含长裂纹铝合金大宽板裂纹进入快速扩展阶段,裂纹扩展ΔK~da/dN曲线发生明显转折,不能用Paris公式拟合.在裂纹扩展后期,Δδ~da/dN曲线在双对数坐标下呈线性关系,可用Δδ~da/dN关系曲线来表征弹塑性状态下铝合金的裂纹扩展速率.     

用时域法EIS技术研究LY12CZ 铝合金的局部腐蚀

通过周期浸泡腐蚀实验和时域法电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了LY12CZ铝合金的腐蚀损伤,用金相法测量最大腐蚀深度,用统计分析方法处理实验数据.结果表明,LY12铝合金经周期浸泡腐蚀试验后,低频阻抗倒数1/R_d符合Gumbel分布,1/R_d随腐蚀时间变化的动力学曲线呈S形,该曲线分成点蚀和剥蚀两个阶段,点蚀阶段符合Sigmoidal曲线关系,剥蚀阶段符合线性关系.1/R_d与最大腐蚀深度在空间统计分布和腐蚀动力学规律两个方面都有一致性,因此可以用1/R_d表征腐蚀损伤程度.由此可见,时域法EIS技术可作为一种快速、无损、定量的腐蚀评估手段.      

水滴撞击特性的动态图像测量方法

用石膏脱模的方法制作圆柱实验件.实验采集圆柱试件表面不同位置染色过程的动态视频数据;依据圆柱驻点处色度值时序信号的增长曲线,将实验划分为欠饱和区、平衡区和过饱和区3个阶段;将平衡区RGB色度空间的色度值c与水滴撞击特性的局部水收集系数建立关联.结果表明:平衡区的比色分布符合局部水收集系数相对驻点处β/β_m分布;不同位置c值增长曲线具有相似性,缩比时间尺度1/t_b分布符合数值仿真欧拉法β/β_m分布的定义;实验结果与数值仿真结果对比误差率小于10%.     

延性断裂韧度试验的可靠性分析

本文在平面应变断裂韧度K_(Ic)分布特性和延性断裂韧度J_(1c)与K_(Ic)之间函数关系的基础上,证明随机变量IgJ_(1c)基本遵循正态分布。然后应用统计学中的线性回归理论对J_(1c)试验进行了如下可靠性分析:J_(1c)母体均值的区间估计;试验所得J_(1c)值的统计涵义;具有可靠度的J_(1c)值;不同材料J_(1c)的统计对比;由J_(1c)试验所得的具有可靠度的K_(Ic)值。最后列举了一个实例。     

一种显式构造非奇异对象降阶H∞控制器的算法

目前显式构造降阶H_∞控制器的算法仅适用于奇异H_∞控制情形,为对非奇异情形使用这些算法,将广义对象的矩阵 A 分为 A ₀和 Δ A 2部分,并且使( A ₀, B ₁, C ₂, D ₂₁)或 ( A ₀, B ₂, C ₁, D ₁₂)含有不稳定零点,从而可以使用构造降阶控制器的算法得到可用于构造降阶控制器的解( X , Y ).矩阵 A 的这种改变将使得对象的3个线性矩阵不等式中的1个发生改变,因此该解( X , Y )必须在 A 未改变时,代入发生改变的那个不等式并判断其是否成立,若成立则该解( X , Y )可用于对广义对象构造降阶控制器.数值算例表明了该算法的有效性.     

曲靖地区电离层多参数变化特征

利用电波环境观测网曲靖站电离层垂直探测仪数据（2008－2018）,分析了该站电离层多参数（包括f_min,f₀E_s,h'E_s,f₀E,f₀F₁,f₀F₂,h'F,MUF(3000)F₂等）随太阳活动、季节、地方时的变化特征。结果表明,f_min,f₀E_s,h'E_s随太阳活动变化不明显,f₀E,f₀F₁,f₀F₂,h'F,MUF(3000)F₂与太阳活动变化具有相关性,f₀F₂经常发生日落增强现象,同时各自具有独立性;与拉萨、乌鲁木齐地区f₀F₂,h'F,f₀E_s变化特征对比,发现地方时与月份变化趋势相同,但是极值出现的位置有所不同,这可能与各地区的地理纬度和地形等因素有关;h'F夜间大于白天,在日出日落时段有突然上升现象,冬季的h'F一般都小于其他季节;MUF(3000)F₂与f₀F₂的变化特征相似,白天值高于夜晚值,春秋分季高于夏冬季,太阳活动高年日落后MUF(3000)F₂一直维持较高值并持续到03:00－04:00 LT。      

近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展规律的研究

本文检验了定义ΔK_(th)为da/dN=10~(-7)mm/次所对应的ΔK值的工程适用性,提出用二次曲线拟合[Ig(da/dN),IgΔK]数据可以得到更准确的ΔK_(th)值。在此基础上研究了两种近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式[da/dN=c(ΔK-ΔK_(th))~n和da/dN=c(ΔK~n-ΔK_(th)~n)]的适用性以及确定c、n值的方法,给出了平均da/dN—ΔK曲线和p—da/dN—ΔK曲线的表达式。     

低纬(海南)地区电离层偶发E层的潮汐类周期研究

基于低纬(海南)台站(19.5°N,109.1°E)电离层测高仪在2004年观测到的偶发E层(Es)临界频率(f₀E_s)和虚高(h'E_s)数据,利用谱分析方法,给出了中国低纬地区Es层在全年和不同季节内的短周期变化特性.对全年数据谱分析表明,Es层除具有非常强的24h周期外,还具有显著的12h和8h周期.对不同季节内两个参数的谱分析进一步表明,8h周期主要出现在f₀E_s参数的春秋分季和夏末及在h'E_s参数的几乎所有季节;6h周期主要出现在f₀E_s参数的11-12月.海南低纬Es层中具有显著的6h和8h周期特性,特别是这两个周期还能同时出现在冬季,这是以往研究中不曾发现的新结果.初步分析认为,Es层的6h和8h周期极可能是分别由1/4日和1/3日潮汐所造成的.      

SmCox-0.4Ti0.4合金薄带的相结构和磁性能

SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4(x=5.0, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0)合金经42m/s速度甩带快速凝固制成薄带,在真空热处理炉中,进行750℃两小时热处理.对制得的甩带状态和热处理状态合金薄带分别测试其相结构和磁性能.结果表明:SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4合金甩带状态样品相结构随Co含量的不同而变化,其中x=5.0,5.5和6.5的合金样品由2∶ 17和1∶ 5两相结构组成;x=7.0成分样品由1∶ 7单相结构组成.甩带状态样品的比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度基本上线性增加,内禀矫顽力在合金成分为x=5.0时出现最大值,为1.01T.薄带样品热处理前后均具有纳米晶结构,表现出剩磁增强效应.样品矫顽力机制主要为形核型,反磁化形核场主要来源于SmCo硬磁相大的磁晶各向异性及其纳米晶结构.热处理后,除x=7.0样品外,其余样品矫顽力均有所下降.     

Correction of B2bot for NeQuick during low solar activity at Hainan station

This work is a continuation of the previous article and it focuses on low solar activity and modeling effort. NeQuick model uses Epstein layer formalism to model each part of the profile. We study the diurnal and seasonal variations of B2_bot, ΔB2 (B2_best − B2_NeQuick2) and R (B2_best/B2_{NeQuick 2}) at Hainan station during low solar activity. The results show it is possible to improve the B2_bot parameter of the NeQuick model at that region during low solar activity. Then, we use a function ?(t) with LT in different seasons to correct the B2_bot formula of NeQuick 2. The correction shows that (1) By the correction formula, the B2_bot of NeQuick is improved. The maximum standard deviation is improved for 9 km. (2) The correction formula is more effective in summer than in equinox and winter and performs better during early morning hours than during the rest of the day.     

The neutral particle impact de-excitation cross-section of the fine structure level3P1 of atomic oxygen in the thermosphere

A new upper limit value (9.9 × 10^?21cm²) of the mean equivalent de-excitation cross-section of O(³P₁) by collision with neutral particles in the thermosphere is obtained by comparing the³P₁ state de-excitation rate due to neutral practice impact with that due to electron impact. The existing data of the cross-section obtained from the aeronomic study are compared with the theoretical data, and it indicated that the former is much less than the latter.     

The role of volcanic aerosols and relativistic electrons in modulating winter storm vorticity

Small changes in the vorticity of winter storms, responding to solar wind variations, are found in winters from 1957 to 2011, and are greater for winters with higher levels of stratospheric volcanic aerosols. Using 1993–2011 data, the response of the vorticity area index (VAI) is shown to be of larger amplitude when the days of minima in the relativistic electron flux (REF) precipitating from the radiation belts are used, instead of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossings, as key days in superposed epoch analyses. The HCS crossings mostly occur within a few days of the REF minima. The VAI is an objective measure of the area of high cyclonic vorticity, and for the present work is derived from ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalyses of global meteorological data. The VAI dependencies on the stratospheric aerosol content (SAC) and the REF are consistent with a model in which the ionosphere-earth current density (J_z) affects cloud microphysics. One of the ways in which J_z is modulated is by changes in stratospheric column resistance (S), which is increased by stratospheric aerosols. Because S is in series with the tropospheric column resistance (T), J_z modulation by REF requires that S be not negligible with respect to T. So the J_z modulation and the VAI response appear when the SAC is very high, or the REF reductions (which also increase S) are very deep, and when the product of the SAC and the reciprocal of the REF exceeds a threshold value dependent on T.     

Solar cycle effects upon the relationship of Ne and Te in the F-region

Employing Atmsophere Explorer-C measurements made in 1974, just prior to solar minimum, Brace and Theis /1/ demonstrated that a remarkably consistent inverse relationship existed between the electron density N_e and temperature T_e in the F-region. In this paper we use later data from AE-C, taken when solar activity was rising (1975–1978), and Dynamics Explorer-2 data taken at solar maximum (1981), to examine how the temperature and density relationship changes with solar activity. We find that the solar maximum T_e is a factor of two larger than the solar minimum T_e for the same values of N_e. T_e does not necessarily increase with solar activity, however, because N_e increases enough to approximately cancel the effect of higher solar extreme ultraviolet heating. We find that the effect of solar activity can be accounted for by a simple function of the F_10.7 cm index that multiplies the solar minimum equation of Brace and Theis /1/.     

一类含小参数微分方程鸭解的存在性

本文应用微分方程定性理论、 渐进分析方法、 隐函数定理以及不动点理论的方法研究一类单参数二维奇异摄动系统.给出了当系统的奇点在破坏点的小邻域时鸭解和鸭极限环存在的充分条件.证明了存在参数值a=a\-c(ε),使得对a\-c(ε)小邻域中的所有参数a, 系统存在鸭极限环.并给出了鸭解和鸭极限环的渐近估计式以及鸭极限环随参数变化的规律.本文推广了文献[1]和文献[2]的结果.     

Symmetry,reduction and relative equilibria of a rigid body in the J2 problem

The J₂ problem is an important problem in celestial mechanics, orbital dynamics and orbital design of spacecraft, as non-spherical mass distribution of the celestial body is taken into account. In this paper, the J₂ problem is generalized to the motion of a rigid body in a J₂ gravitational field. The relative equilibria are studied by using geometric mechanics. A Poisson reduction process is carried out by means of the symmetry. Non-canonical Hamiltonian structure and equations of motion of the reduced system are obtained. The basic geometrical properties of the relative equilibria are given through some analyses on the equilibrium conditions. Then we restrict to the zeroth and second-order approximations of the gravitational potential. Under these approximations, the existence and detailed properties of the relative equilibria are investigated. The orbit–rotation coupling of the rigid body is discussed. It is found that under the second-order approximation, there exists a classical type of relative equilibria except when the rigid body is near the surface of the central body and the central body is very elongated. Another non-classical type of relative equilibria can exist when the central body is elongated enough and has a low average density. The non-classical type of relative equilibria in our paper is distinct from the non-Lagrangian relative equilibria in the spherically-simplified Full Two Body Problem, which cannot exist under the second-order approximation. Our results also extend the previous results on the classical type of relative equilibria in the spherically-simplified Full Two Body Problem by taking into account the oblateness of the primary body. The results on relative equilibria are useful for studies on the motion of many natural satellites, whose motion are close to the relative equilibria.     

Evolution of periodic orbits near the Lagrangian point L2

A study of the evolution of the periodic and the quasi-periodic orbits near the Lagrangian point L₂, which is located to the right of the smaller primary on the line joining the primaries and whose distance from the more massive primary is greater than the distance between the primaries, in the framework of restricted three-body problem for the Sun–Jupiter, Earth–Moon (relatively large mass ratio) and Saturn–Titan (relatively small mass ratio) systems is made. Two families of periodic orbits around the smaller primary are identified using the Poincaré surface of section method – family I (initially elliptical, gradually becomes egg-shaped with the increase in the Jacobi constant C and elongated towards the more massive primary) and family II (initially egg-shaped orbits elongated towards L₂ and gradually becomes elliptical with the increase in C). The family I in the Sun–Jupiter and Saturn–Titan systems contains two separatrix caused by third-order and fourth-order resonances, while the Earth–Moon system has only one separatrix which is caused by third-order resonances. Also in the Sun–Jupiter and the Saturn–Titan systems, family I merge with family II, around Jacobian constant 3.0393 and 3.0163, respectively, while in the Earth–Moon system, family II evolves separately from two different branches. The two branches merge at C = 3.184515. In the Earth–Moon system, the family II contains a separatrix due to third-order resonances which is absent in the other two systems.