TC4钛合金超塑成形研究现状及其发展展望

介绍了TC4钛合金超塑成形的研究现状,主要内容包括:应变速率敏感性指数m值研究;超塑成形过程中材料组织演变过程及超塑变形机制研究;空洞的演变过程研究,包括空洞形核、长大机制及断裂机制研究;超塑成形与焊接方法的组合成形技术研究,其中着重介绍了超塑成形与扩散连接(SPF/DB)和超塑成形与激光焊接(SPF/LW)的组合应用以及有限元模拟技术在超塑成形中的应用;文章的最后对TC4钛合金超塑成形的发展趋势进行了展望。     

超塑性拉深胀形工艺研究

采用拉深胀形的组合工艺方法，以改善超塑胀形件的壁厚不均匀程度。研究表明：这一方法可大大降低胀形材料的变薄率和不均匀程度。     

1420铝锂合金典型构件超塑成形研究

采用超塑成形工艺制备了1420铝锂合金盒形结构试验件.通过有限元模拟及微观组织观察,分析了温度对1420铝锂合金超塑性的影响,超塑成形后试验件的壁厚分布及材料的超塑成形断裂机制.结果表明:有限元模拟能够很好地预测超塑成形后试验件的壁厚分布;当成形温度为520℃时,1420铝锂合金表现出良好的超塑性变形能力;在超塑成形过程中,随着变形量的增加,材料内部空洞的交连和聚合是导致1420铝锂合金最终破坏的主要机制.     

超塑变形对TC4 室温力学性能的影响

在T=880℃和ε=9.8 ×10-4 s-1下,进行了TC4圆筒件超塑成形试验,研究了超塑变形量对TC4室温强度、疲劳性能和金相组织的影响.结果表明:随着变形量的增加,晶粒尺寸增大.当超塑胀形延伸率e为55％时,晶粒尺寸由供应态的约8μm增加为约20 μm.随着e增加,TC4室温下的屈服强度、抗拉强度和条件疲劳强度降低.当e为55％时,材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度下降约7％;循环周期为106下的疲劳强度下降约10％.     

超塑铝锂合金

本文评述了超塑铝锂合金的研究历史和现状,列出了主要超塑铝锂合金的预处理工艺及超塑性能,并对预处理工艺的核心环节、空洞及超塑成型技术的最新进展进行了评述。     

座标网格技术在超塑成型试验中的应用

超塑成形中以鈑材气压吹塑成形研究最多,现已开始生产应用。鈑材吹塑成形主要特点之一是利用材料变薄来延展面积,填充模具型腔成形的。研究各种超塑成形件的变薄规律,对合理设计超塑成形件、控制超塑成形参数及超塑成形模具结构的设计有着指导性的意义。     

电沉积ZrO2/Ni纳米复合材料低温高应变速率超塑性的研究

采用电沉积方法制备了平均晶粒尺寸为45nm的ZrO2/Ni复合材料,并通过拉伸和胀形试验对该材料的超塑性能进行了研究。拉伸试验结果表明:材料在温度为420~500℃,应变速率为8.33×10-4s-1~1.67×10-2s-1时均获得了高于200%的延伸率。在温度为450℃和应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时,得到最大延伸率605%。用扫描电镜SEM对拉伸前后试件的显微组织进行了观察,发现晶粒在温度的作用下明显长大。采用内径5 mm的凹模对ZrO2/Ni复合材料进行超塑胀形试验,在温度为420~500℃获得高径比H/d高于0.5的胀形件,说明该材料具有良好的超塑性能。     

材料参数及静水压力对孔洞敏感材料超塑胀形影响的数值分析

本文将变形损伤效应引入到基于超塑成形的微观机理推导出的超塑性本构方程中，并将本构方程应用于刚塑性有限元模拟程序，分析了板料超塑胀形过程，研究了应变速率敏感性、孔洞长大以及叠加静水压力对孔洞敏感材料超塑胀形极限的影响，对模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较。     

TA32钛合金板材的超塑胀形性能研究

通过开展高温气胀成形试验研究了TA32钛合金板材在不同应变路径下的超塑胀形性能。采用4种具有不同短长轴比的椭圆模具实现不同的双拉应变路径,并将试样的轧向和横向分别平行于模具的长轴方向以分析变形各向异性。基于非关联流动准则下的Barlat’89屈服准则以及胀形试样顶点处的应变分量、壁厚和曲率半径,确定了不同应变路径下的等效应力–应变曲线。结果表明,TA32板材的超塑胀形性能具有显著的应变路径依赖性,当应变路径从等双轴拉伸转变为近平面应变时,板材极限胀形高度减小,减薄率和峰值应力增加,延伸率降低,成形性能下降。同时,TA32板材在高温双拉条件下表现出明显的力学性能各向异性。当板材轧向与第一主应变方向平行时,材料具有更低的峰值应力和更高的塑性,表现出更好的成形性。     

国外航空钣金专用制造技术与装备发展

航空钣金零件的制造除采用通用的方法外,还有本行业独特的工艺技术,随之产生了相应的钣金专用制造装备。本文给出了蒙皮拉形、柔性多点切边、镜像铣削型材拉弯、橡皮成形、喷丸成形、蠕变时效成形、充液成形、热冲压成形和超塑成形/扩散连接等航空钣金专用制造技术与装备的国外最新进展。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.