考虑观测的双冲量最优交会研究

针对跟踪星主动交会目标星的轨道转移问题,给出了考虑观测的双冲量最优交会迭代算法。首先对考虑观测的轨道交会问题进行了分析,给出了椭圆转移轨道的存在性判定方法。在此基础上,给出了基于粒子群的优化求解方案。经过对两异面椭圆轨道转移问题的仿真解算,求得了最优交会轨道,验证了算法的正确性。该研究成果可作为工程应用的有益参考,并为其他带约束的轨道交会优化问题提供可行的求解方案。     

基于二次优化的空间碎片多目标交会方案

针对空间碎片多目标交会轨迹设计问题的复杂性,提出一种利用分支定界法进行总体设计和改进粒子群算法进行二次优化的轨迹优化方法。通过碎片状态矩阵的建立和时间网格的划分,将多目标的交会问题转化为整数规划问题,利用分支定界法对总体交会顺序进行第一次优化。在此基础上,以交会时间和等待时间为优化参数,利用改进梯度粒子群算法对具体的单目标交会轨道问题进行第二次优化。仿真结果表明,飞行器与碎片的相对位置和相对速度误差满足精度要求,验证了多目标交会方案的有效性。     

基于预显示的大时延遥操作交会相平面控制

以时延条件下的地球轨道遥操作交会对接为背景,针对遥操作交会对接中时延引起的控制系统不稳定问题,开展了交会平移靠拢段的控制策略研究,在基于C-W方程的预测显示模型基础上,设计了平移靠拢段纵向速度曲线控制及横向位置-速度的相平面控制算法。仿真表明,该方法能有效克服大时延影响,具有较好控制效果,且算法简单可靠,易于工程实现。     

交会对接远程导引轨道控制状态规划与优化算法

对空间交会对接远程导引段轨道控制问题进行了研究。在简单介绍交会对接远程导引轨道控制实时规划模型的基础上,提出了基于近圆偏差方程、序列二次规划算法和目标权重函数等在不同控制目标模式下的状态规划与优化算法。仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度快,能较好地满足交会对接远程导引段的轨道控制要求,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

弹道相机水平投影交会测量法的改进及精度分析

介绍弹道相机数据处理的水平投影交会测量法,提出了加权平均水平投影交会测量法,并分析了两种方法的交会精度,得出加权平均水平投影法可显著提高交会精度的结论。     

路径约束的时间最短多脉冲交会全局优化

不同于现有的多脉冲最优交会研究多集中于交会时间固定的最省燃料优化,研究了路径约束和脉冲受限的多脉冲最短时间交会问题。综合考虑了交会测量视场角、脉冲总量和脉冲作用时刻等约束,基于Lam-bert交会算法,建立了多脉冲交会最短时间优化的非线性规划模型。为了高效获得全局最优解,采用了模拟退火算法用于非线性优化问题的求解。最后,通过解决一个寻的三脉冲交会问题验证了模型和算法的有效性。该研究方法可寻找满足特定约束条件的最优交会轨道。     

飞行器姿态交会求解方法研究

本文给出了一种姿态交会计算方法。文中推导了交会计算公式，并进行了仿真试验；试验结果表明，本文给出的交会方法具有较高的测量精度。     

嫦娥五号月球轨道交会导引策略设计

嫦娥五号任务实现了国际首次月球无人轨道交会对接，本文详细介绍了其最终飞控实施所采用的交会导引策略的设计模型、方法和工程实现考虑。讨论了嫦娥五号月球轨道交会任务的工程设计约束和关键参数的确定，提出了一种月球轨道交会的交班点确定方法。提出了一种新的四脉冲交会策略，通过引入径向变轨控制量，固定各次变轨点位置，解决了在月球背面测控遮挡约束下确保各次变轨全过程测控可见的工程难题。针对新四脉冲方案，采用近圆轨道偏差方程提出了一种新的初值求解方法，构造了基于微分修正的精确数值求解算法，并推导了求解所需的状态转移矩阵的解析表达形式。建立了测控约束下的交会导引约束优化模型，获得了测控约束下的最优能量解，并揭示了问题的全局特性规律。给出了所提出方法在嫦娥五号实际任务中的应用，验证了此方法的正确性。     

交会接近轨迹的闭环斜滑控制算法研究

为了矫正追踪航天器相对接近轨迹的偏离,实现交会轨迹的主动安全控制,在开环斜滑算法的基础上提出了闭环斜滑主动控制方法,包括轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法和终端控制的闭环斜滑算法。利用某近距离交会接近问题,采用MonteCarlo（蒙特卡洛）打靶仿真,分析比较了开环斜滑算法和2种闭环斜滑算法。结果表明,闭环控制终端偏离明显小于开环情况,同时在较短时间内以较小的速度增量实现了终端状态控制,并且轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法控制精度小于终端控制算法。     

地面测站引导卫星逆向交会的交会角研究

建立了用地面测控站引导交会时,不同交会角条件下测量误差引起的交会脱靶量计算模型和交会概率计算模型。重点讨论了单站雷达测量、双站雷达测量时,以最大交会概率为优化目标时的最优交会角问题,并确定了雷达测站位置与最优交会角的关系。仿真结果表明,最优交会角的恰当选择能显著提高逆轨卫星交会概率。     

交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道精确求解

基于考虑摄动影响的精确轨道动力学模型,对交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道的精确求解方法进行了研究。提出了将控制脉冲的俯仰角近似转化为控制时刻的轨道幅角,从而调整脉冲控制时刻以消除径向速度增量的方法,精确求解首末水平双脉冲的启控时刻;引入导引终点位置偏差的比例控制方法,精确求解水平双脉冲的精确控制量。仿真结果表明,2轮整体迭代可获得首末水平脉冲控制时刻和控制量的精确值,脉冲水平特性达到俯仰角小于1°,导引终点相对位置精度达到10m,验证了该方法的正确性。     

Optimal Terminal Rendezvous as a Stochastic Differential Game Problem

The optimal terminal rendezvous of two satellites in orbit about the Earth is studied using a stochastic model and formulating the rendezvous as a game problem. Each satellite has noise-corrupted output measurements and uses a Kalman filter to generate the best estimate of the states describing the rendezvous. The optimal control for the satellites is determined. A comparison is made in terms of dimensionality and complexity to a deterministic solution of the rendezvous problem.     

Optimization of multiple-impulse minimum-time rendezvous with impulse constraints using a hybrid genetic algorithm

The minimum-time multiple-impulse rendezvous with impulse constraints is investigated in this paper. Based on the Clohessy–Wiltshire (C–W) equations, an optimization model including several different kinds of impulse constraints such as the maximum impulse magnitude, the total velocity change magnitude and the time of imposing impulse for multiple-impulse minimum-time rendezvous is established. A generalized inverse matrix solution for linear equation is applied to avoid handling the terminal equality constraints. In order to obtain the global solution efficiently, a hybrid optimizer combining the advantages of a floating-coded genetic algorithm and simplex method is employed. A low-earth orbit multiple-impulse rendezvous problem is used as an example. The influence of the number of impulses, the optimization variables and the constraints on the solution is analyzed, and the different optimization algorithms are compared. Results indicate our proposed model and approach is effective in designing linearized minimum-time rendezvous trajectory with impulse constraints.     

Orbital rendezvous using two-step sliding mode control

The problem of spacecraft rendezvous is studied, using sliding mode control in the presence of the earth's gravitational perturbation. The impulsive solution of Lambert's problem is obtained using the combined equations method to minimize total ΔV via an iterative method, and it is used as the desired trajectory for the rendezvous. In this paper, a two-step sliding mode control method is introduced for solving the rendezvous problem with finite-thrust including unmodeled dynamics.The thrust-coast-thrust type control laws for the system to follow the desired trajectories are represented and resultant trajectories are close enough to the Lambert's orbit with comparable amount of ΔV to the Lambert's impulsive solution. All state variables matched the final boundary conditions reasonably well at the end of maneuver.     

Spacecraft optimal rendezvous controller design using simulated annealing

A new global approach for rendezvous Linear Quadratic controller design is presented in this paper. Instead of solving the algebraic Riccati equation, a continuous simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is used to design rendezvous LQ controller. Optimization of one automatic rendezvous controller with 18 design parameters is illustrated. The results show that the SA algorithm can locate the global solution effectively and robust, besides a great number of global solutions have been obtained by the SA. The SA has demonstrated better performance than other optimization algorithms such as floating-coded Genetic Algorithm, Simplex method and Powell algorithm.     

Rendezvous Navigation and Guidance Using a Hand-Held Self-Powered Digital Computer

This paper describes a simplified solution of the space rendezvous problem based on optical sightings taken with a hand-held sextant entered into and processed by a small digital computer. Compared to the manual method described in [1], this approach greatly reduces the astronaut's work load. Also, the computer can provide a more accurate solution, can present more flight plan options (allowing more tradeoffs between fuel usage and time), and can allow greater freedom in the sequencing of measurements and maneuvers. Physical characteristics, input-output parameters, and logic design of the computer are briefly described.     

载人登月着陆器奔月窗口搜索方法

对环月轨道共面交会的载人登月任务中,着陆器(LM)奔月零窗口与轨道参数精确快速设计方法进行了研究。任务采用人货分离奔月模式,着陆器于载人飞船到达环月轨道前抵达环月共面交会轨道,着陆器近月点一次共面减速完成近月制动。提出一种三层快速精确奔月窗口搜索方法:第一层采用地心二体轨道理论解析计算月窗口及奔月轨道参数初值,作为正确性基本参考;第二层采用改进的双二体解析动力学模型求解月窗口内奔月轨道参数变化规律;第三层采用高精度轨道动力学模型和SQP_Snopt优化求解奔月零窗口及轨道参数精确解。仿真结果表明,本文提出的三层逐级奔月窗口搜索方法能快速精确求解载人登月任务中着陆器奔月窗口及精确轨道参数,也揭示了影响着陆器奔月窗口的主次因素和规律,为中国未来载人登月工程提供参考。     

Optimal robust linearized impulsive rendezvous

The optimization of time-fixed linearized impulsive rendezvous with control uncertainty is investigated. One performance index related to the variances of the terminal state error is defined as the performance index of robustness which is calculated by linear covariance method. The two-objective optimization problem of minimizing the total characteristic velocity and the performance index of robustness is formulated based on the Clohessy–Wiltshire (C-W) system and solved by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. The Pareto-optimal solution sets of one homing rendezvous mission are provided and the Pareto optimality is verified by comparing with the fuel-optimal and the robustness-optimal solutions. It is shown that the proposed approach can quickly investigate the relation between the fuel cost and the trajectory robustness, besides evaluate different rendezvous maneuver schemes.     

无人机空中加油自主会合的制导与控制

针对无人机空中加油的自主会合问题,进行了相应制导律和非线性控制器的设计。通过改进的带角度约束的三维比例制导律实现对航向角的控制,以协调转弯的方式将航迹角指令转化为姿态角指令。基于无人机六自由度的动力学模型,针对无人机的姿态控制,采用时标分离的方法设计了慢子系统和快子系统,并对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计。同时,基于滑模控制的方法设计了满足自主会合要求的速度控制律。在保证无人机飞行稳定的基础上,实现了对控制和制导指令的精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律和控制律能够实现无人机空中加油的自主会合,具有良好的动态特性。