基于分形协方差函数的自然纹理描述与分类

研究了自然纹理图像的描述与分类的方法,提出了基于分数布朗运动模型及其协方差函数的方法.分数布朗运动的协方差函数被用来估计自然纹理特征的Hurst系数和常数k.2个子图像的5个特征组成10个特征的特征集.与直接从原始纹理图像获得特征矢量不同,该方法的10个特征矢量是分别基于大于图像灰度平均值的图像和小于图像灰度平均值的图像得到的.以纹理图像的平均值为阈值,可以得到2幅子纹理图像.从每个子纹理图像提取出5个特征,它们分别是横向、纵向和45°方向的常数,横向和纵向距离为2的Hurst系数.2个子纹理的5个特征组成10个特征的特征集.从Brodatz纹理集选出的16种纹理图像被用来检验描述和分类效果,分类结果显示该方法具有很好的自然纹理的描述和分类能力.     

基于GCF-SB视觉注意模型的红外目标检测算法

针对复杂背景、低对比度条件下的红外目标检测,提出了一种基于灰度对比度特征 相似性贝叶斯(GCF SB)模型的红外显著性目标检测算法.建立了一种灰度对比度特征(GCF)模型,该模型利用两个通道分别提取红外图像的灰度特征和对比度特征,然后通过特征融合获得初级显著图;建立了一种基于相似性的贝叶斯(SB)模型,该模型根据初级特征图分别计算目标和背景的先验概率和似然函数,然后利用贝叶斯公式获得最终显著图,进而实现红外图像的显著性目标检测.实验结果表明,所提出算法能够有效抑制复杂背景、低对比度红外图像的噪声,增强对比度,具有较高的检测精度和鲁棒性.     

一种基于方差的自适应火星图像阈值选取算法

在基于光学成像的深空探测自主导航中,图像边缘处理直接影响视线矢量的提取,从而对自主导航的精度产生较大影响。传统的Otsu算法更侧重同区域灰度的均匀性,适用于图像中目标区域和背景区域面积相差不大的情况,因此在自主导航初始阶段,导航精度较低。根据深空探测巡航段拍摄到的火星图像的特点,基于已有火星探测任务的实拍图像,在Otsu算法的基础上,重新设计准则函数,提出了一种基于方差的火星图像阈值自适应选取算法。该算法将灰度值高于待定阈值的区域的方差表示为待定阈值的函数,以函数一阶微分的最大值对应的灰度值作为最优阈值。该方法具有计算量小、图像分割精确的优点。仿真结果表明,相较于传统的Otsu算法,通过该算法得到的图像阈值能够实现更高的视线矢量提取精度及自主导航精度。     

基于区域灰度统计信号处理的图像融合方法

针对多源图像融合问题,提出了一种在多分辨率框架下基于区域内灰度特征统计信号的融合算法.利用图像灰度特征的区域生长法对源图像进行区域分割,并以裂缝边缘作为特征区域的闭合边界,对源图像与分割结果的区域映射图作多分辨率变换.在图像低频部分,以联合区域映射图为指导,在区域内建立信号与噪声的高斯混合分布模型,利用期望极大化(EM,Expectation Maximization)算法迭代估计噪声模型分布参数,获得低频融合结果;在图像高频部分,根据系数在区域映射图上的位置差异分别采用窗口系数加权平均法和系数绝对值选大法进行融合,将低频和高频融合结果反变换得到最终融合图像.融合结果表明:该方法是可行和高效的,且比其他图像融合方法具有更好的性能.     

机器人视觉系统模糊识别抓取物算法

针对机器人视觉系统对抓取物的模糊识别问题,参照人眼-脑识别对象的过程,建立了包括区域分割与模糊识别两个环节的识别算法.以视觉图像的灰度与色度特征作为区域分割与模糊识别的依据,从灰度、色度及形体特征上提取特征集的指标,并根据经walsh变换后图像灰度迅速向低频聚集的特点,提出基于walsh变换的基元模式识别特征的定义方法.在构建识别目标矩阵与关系矩阵的基础上,应用模糊关系合成与最大隶属度原则建立识别算法.该算法可从少量的采样点中识别出对象,具有较好的实时性.     

基于特征点集的匹配算法应用于卫星姿态确定

综合了灰度与几何特征匹配方法,依据局部纹理能量分布选取特征点集,并利用特征点集的几何约束关系构建了可描述图像整体特征的模板.通过逐步求精方法实现了实时图像与基准图像的匹配.首先通过特征点集匹配进行粗搜索;然后通过精搜索以及角度校正得到实时图像中目标偏移旋转量.该特征点集算法与传统图像匹配算法相比较,在保证精度的基础上能提高匹配速度,且具有一定的旋转不变性和抗噪性.仿真实验证明了该算法的可行性.      

昆虫翅膀图像特征的亚像素级提取方法

昆虫翅脉、翅脉交点及翅膀边缘是昆虫翅膀运动变形三维重构的主要依据.通过分析这三种特征的图像特点,对于翅脉中心,采用Hessian矩阵求出灰度极值点方向,并用二次曲线拟合该方向的灰度变化,通过确定该曲线极值点位置来提取亚象素翅脉中心;然后通过求灰度图像的梯度,在其梯度变化方向求极值点的方法提取翅膀边缘特征;此外根据翅脉方向变化的连续性提出了邻域角度约束方法确定翅脉交叉点,从而最终提取到亚像素级的翅膀边缘、翅脉及交叉点等特征.实际应用证明该方法是较为有效的.     

一种新的能量谱熵图像聚焦评价函数

针对计算机视觉中图像聚焦评价函数的选择与设计问题,首先对图像聚焦评价函数的基本概念和特征进行了讨论,然后对目前几种主要的图像聚焦评价函数（ 灰度变化函数、梯度函数、图像灰度熵函数、频域类函数） 进行了分析．在此基础之上提出了一种新的能量谱熵函数评价方法,并且给出了相应的计算公式．该函数的理论依据较之目前常用的评价函数更为充分,最后给出了与其它几种主要评价函数的实验对比结果,证明了能量谱熵函数比其它评价函数在评价图像聚焦质量方面更为准确、稳定和可靠．     

基于区域预测和视觉注意计算的快速目标检测

提出了一种结合区域预测与视觉注意模型化计算的快速目标检测方法.通过分析图像近似均匀的3个水平子区域的方向特征图之灰度比率,灰度特征图之信息熵和子区域位置,建立了目标区域预测的判定准则.同时,通过优选特征和优化特征图之权重,改进了视觉注意计算模型.对于一幅待检测图像,根据区域预测的判定准则,实现目标区域的快速预测,并利用改进的视觉注意计算模型对目标区域进行视觉注意计算,实现特定目标的快速精确定位.实验结果表明:针对户外场景中的行人目标,与通过整幅图像的视觉注意计算来实现目标检测的传统方法相比较,该检测方法可使检测时间缩短30%,同时还能使检测准确率提高9%.      

一种基于核回归的改进型图像去噪方法

为了消除图像处理中的噪声,同时尽可能地保留图像细节,提出了一种基于核回归的图像去噪算法。该方法的基本思想是在经典方法以像素位置决定权值的基础上,引入像素灰度值。即核函数在计算权值时考虑两个因素:空间距离和灰度距离。通过计算控制核来做到自适应,最后引入一个迭代过程。实验结果表明该算法能够在滤除图像中的高频噪声的同时尽可能保留了图像的细节特征,获得了较为理想的去噪效果。     

基于多重分形参数的高光谱数据特征提取

针对单一分形维数不能表征高光谱数据光谱局部吸收特征的问题,提出了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法.基于光谱信息度量进行光谱概率测度的计算,基于配分函数法估计得到尺度函数;通过对尺度函数求导计算出Holder指数,并对尺度函数勒让德Legendre变换计算出多重分形谱;从多重分形谱和Holder指数之间的函数关系提取表征多重分形谱形态的4个多重分形谱参数作为光谱特征参数;并应用于基于最小距离准则的航空推扫式高光谱成像仪(PHI,Prush-broom Hyperspectral Imager)图像监督分类.结果证明:利用基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的光谱特征参数进行分类得到的总体分类正确率达94.789%,分类精度明显高于利用信息量维数和多重分形谱特征提取方法进行分类的结果,证明了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的多重分形参数的有效性和可靠性.     

基于局部线性嵌入的高光谱影像特征提取算法

特征提取能够消除冗余信息,提高高光谱数据处理的精度和计算效率,是分类等分析必要的预处理手段.传统特征提取算法基于线性变换,无法准确描述高、低维特征空间的关系,因此采用一种新型非线性特征提取算法,即局部线性嵌入(LLE,Locally Linear Em-bedding),挖掘高光谱影像的本征信息.针对分类问题,使用训练样本类别属性修正距离矩阵,并借鉴LLE计算未知样本低维映射的方法求解测试样本的特征向量,实现监督局部线性嵌入(SLLE,Supervised Locally Linear Embedding).使用机载可见光/红外成像光谱仪数据,与3种分类算法结合进行测试,实验结果表明:SLLE优于线性特征提取算法,能够解决高光谱影像的小样本分类问题.     

An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

Automatic lineament extraction in a heavily vegetated region using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery

Lineament extraction from satellite remotely sensed data has been one of the widely used applications of remote sensing in geology. In fact, recent advances in digital image processing allow such lineament extraction to be accomplished in semi-automatic to fully automatic approaches. However, satellite remotely sensed data acquired in heavily vegetated regions such as tropical rainforest, are vulnerable to higher inherent noise levels attributed to the resultant effects of scattering by clouds and adjacency effects of highly inhomogeneous vegetation cover within the pixel dimension. In this study, we examined the effects of noise levels to lineament extraction using a fully automatic approach, consisting of a combination of edge-line detection algorithms. Ancillary information from a digitized topographic map and image classification was used to discriminate between cultural and natural lineaments from the extracted lineaments. Adapting the combination of edge detection and a line-linking algorithm, we have found the optimal parameters for automatic lineament extraction of such complex areas using Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data. A noise level of 30% is the maximum threshold before artifacts are generated. It is therefore concluded that the combination of edge-based and line-linking digital image processing operations with the priori local optimal parameters is crucial in lineament feature extraction in heavily vegetated regions.     

超谱遥感图像降维方法研究现状与分析

随着成像光谱仪的发展 ,超谱遥感图像的研究已进入到一个新的阶段———对获取的超谱数据进行有效处理和利用的阶段。目前的处理方法主要集中在对超谱图像的数值分析处理上 ,比如大气校正、降低数据维数、信息提取、分类与压缩等方面。而超谱图像降维方法的研究是做好后继处理的一个关键步骤 ,降维方式的正确选取与使用 ,对于发展和完善那些针对超谱海量数据和丰富信息特点的算法和软件有极大的好处。文章从波段选择、划分数据源、特征提取和融合等 4个角度对目前超谱图像的各种降维方法进行了综合归纳和分析。力图为超谱图像处理寻找突破点 ,加强此领域的研究力度     

中国国画艺术美感特征分析与分类

图像艺术美感自动分类是近年的热门研究领域,国画作为中国传统艺术文化的重要体现,其美感也极具研究价值。在5类美感标注的国画数据库基础上,进行了国画艺术美感自动分类研究和相关特征分析。经过特征提取和筛选,得到适用于美感分类的33个图像特征,并基于特征重要性建立了物理特征与艺术美感、美术技法之间的映射关系。同时使用该特征集在多种分类器上进行艺术美感自动识别,验证了国画艺术美感自动分类的可行性。结果表明,国画艺术美感分类的主要相关美术元素按重要性排序为:颜色、笔触、亮度和线条。      

Evaluating the statistical performance of less applied algorithms in classification of worldview-3 imagery data in an urbanized landscape

In recent decade, analyzing the remotely sensed imagery is considered as one of the most common and widely used procedures in the environmental studies. In this case, supervised image classification techniques play a central role. Hence, taking a high resolution Worldview-3 over a mixed urbanized landscape in Iran, three less applied image classification methods including Bagged CART, Stochastic gradient boosting model and Neural network with feature extraction were tested and compared with two prevalent methods: random forest and support vector machine with linear kernel. To do so, each method was run ten time and three validation techniques was used to estimate the accuracy statistics consist of cross validation, independent validation and validation with total of train data. Moreover, using ANOVA and Tukey test, statistical difference significance between the classification methods was significantly surveyed. In general, the results showed that random forest with marginal difference compared to Bagged CART and stochastic gradient boosting model is the best performing method whilst based on independent validation there was no significant difference between the performances of classification methods. It should be finally noted that neural network with feature extraction and linear support vector machine had better processing speed than other.     

基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取及目标识别方法

提出了一种基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩特征提取方法,并应用于图像目标识别.利用菲涅耳变换得到图像的衍射图样,将图像映射到菲涅耳衍射空间;在衍射空间提取几何矩或正交矩来获取图像全局信息的特征描述;利用k近邻法识别目标.实验结果表明基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取方法对于平移、尺度及旋转变化的图像目标具有更高的分类精度和抗噪声能力.     

Crater detection via genetic search methods to reduce image features

Recent approaches to crater detection have been inspired by face detection’s use of gray-scale texture features. Using gray-scale texture features for supervised machine learning crater detection algorithms provides better classification of craters in planetary images than previous methods. When using Haar features it is typical to generate thousands of numerical values from each candidate crater image. This magnitude of image features to extract and consider can spell disaster when the application is an entire planetary surface. One solution is to reduce the number of features extracted and considered in order to increase accuracy as well as speed. Feature subset selection provides the operational classifiers with a concise and denoised set of features by reducing irrelevant and redundant features. Feature subset selection is known to be NP-hard. To provide an efficient suboptimal solution, four genetic algorithms are proposed to use greedy selection, weighted random selection, and simulated annealing to distinguish discriminate features from indiscriminate features. Inspired by analysis regarding the relationship between subset size and accuracy, a squeezing algorithm is presented to shrink the genetic algorithm’s chromosome cardinality during the genetic iterations. A significant increase in the classification performance of a Bayesian classifier in crater detection using image texture features is observed.     

Advanced fractal approach for unsupervised classification of SAR images

Unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is the alternative approach when no or minimum apriori information about the image is available. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop an unsupervised classification scheme for SAR images based on textural information in present paper. For extraction of textural features two properties are used viz. fractal dimension D and Moran’s I. Using these indices an algorithm is proposed for contextual classification of SAR images. The novelty of the algorithm is that it implements the textural information available in SAR image with the help of two texture measures viz. D and I. For estimation of D, the Two Dimensional Variation Method (2DVM) has been revised and implemented whose performance is compared with another method, i.e., Triangular Prism Surface Area Method (TPSAM). It is also necessary to check the classification accuracy for various window sizes and optimize the window size for best classification. This exercise has been carried out to know the effect of window size on classification accuracy. The algorithm is applied on four SAR images of Hardwar region, India and classification accuracy has been computed. A comparison of the proposed algorithm using both fractal dimension estimation methods with the K-Means algorithm is discussed. The maximum overall classification accuracy with K-Means comes to be 53.26% whereas overall classification accuracy with proposed algorithm is 66.16% for TPSAM and 61.26% for 2DVM.