改进粒子群优化的卫星导航选星算法

为提高选星算法的性能,提出一种基于人工鱼群算法的粒子群优化（PSO）选星算法。该算法利用人工鱼群算法良好的全局收敛特性,克服了粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优的缺点。将每种卫星组合看作空间中的一个粒子,选取几何精度因子（GDOP）作为适应度函数。利用所提算法更新粒子自身位置,优化卫星组合与几何精度因子。利用实际数据对所提算法进行验证和对比,结果表明:改进的选星算法在保障选星效率的同时,选星结果的准确性优于标准的粒子群优化选星算法。      

基于帝国竞争优化的双目标综合决策选星算法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）的应用前景已经得到世界各国的普遍承认,其应用领域也趋于多样化,在此背景下,卫星接收机也要求其具有更快的解算速度和可靠的精度。针对目前多数接收机的选星算法都是固定选星数目从而限制算法机动性的问题,提出基于帝国竞争优化算法（ICA）的双目标综合决策选星算法。为了更好获取几何构型较好的卫星星座,引入可见卫星的卫星仰角和方向角先验信息,进行先验性约束,通过构建几何精度因子（GDOP）以及选星数目2个目标,进行综合决策的快速选星,提高了选星的灵活度,并且在满足用户精度的要求下减轻了多星座卫星接收机的计算负担。通过仿真实验和实测数据对双目标综合决策选星算法验证的结果表明:所提算法在高度截止角5°下引入先验性约束条件后平均选星数目在仿真数据和实测数据中缩减率分别为51.8%和45.4%,平均GDOP值较无约束下分别减少0.209 2和0.248 4。同时,所提算法单次选星平均耗时分别为0.168 4 s和0.303 1 s,与遍历法的选星耗时4 s相比,提高了95.79%和92.42%。      

PSO选星算法参数分析与改进

多星座组合导航提供更多的可用卫星,但也增大接收机计算复杂度,选取部分可见星代替全部可见星进行接收机位置解算成为选星算法研究的热点。粒子群优化（PSO）选星算法将PSO算法引入到选星过程中,该方法能够减少选星时间,实现北斗/GPS组合星座快速选星。研究了该算法的关键参数包括惯性权重因子、加速系数、种群大小等对PSO选星算法性能的影响,并针对搜索过程容易陷入局部最优问题,提出自适应模拟退火粒子群优化（ASAPSO）选星算法,该算法通过引入随适应值大小自适应调整进化参数及结合模拟退火算法调整粒子速度,以增强算法跳出局部极值的能力。采用实际数据对算法进行验证,结果表明:ASAPSO选星算法在保证选星时间的同时,能够提高算法搜索结果的准确性,其性能优于PSO选星算法。      

组合卫星导航系统的快速选星方法

分析了选星数目与几何精度因子(GDOP, Geometry Dilution of Precision)及导航运算量的关系,基于遗传算法提出了一种以满足用户定位精度需求为条件的快速选星方法——快速遗传选星法.根据用户需求确定选星数目初值、选星数目最大值和GDOP阈值,构造选星方案的初始种群,在进化代数上限为1的条件下对种群进行选择、交叉和变异运算,获得初始选星解,根据初始解的GDOP与阈值的关系确定是否依据GDOP最小原则对初始解进行优化,直至满足算法终止条件,输出选星解.仿真结果表明,该算法可以在一次进化之内以不低于92.45%的概率满足GDOP阈值在2.5~6的要求,同时可有效降低54.75%以上的导航运算量.      

基于混沌的改进粒子群优化粒子滤波算法

针对基本粒子滤波(PF)算法存在的粒子退化和重采样引起的粒子多样性丧失,导致粒子样本无法精确表示状态概率密度函数真实分布,提出了一种基于混沌的改进粒子群优化(PSO)粒子滤波算法。通过引入混沌序列产生一组混沌变量,将产生的变量映射到优化变量的区间提高粒子质量,并利用混沌扰动克服粒子群优化局部最优问题。利用单变量非静态增长模型(UNGM)在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声环境下将该算法与基本粒子滤波和粒子群优化粒子滤波(PSO-PF)的性能进行仿真比较。结果表明:该算法的性能在有效粒子数和均方根误差(RMSE)等参数都优于基本粒子滤波和粒子群优化粒子滤波,改善了算法的精度和跟踪性能。      

BDS/GPS组合导航接收机自主完好性监测算法

为使接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）技术应用于民航垂直引导进近（APV）飞行阶段成为可能,研究了BDS/GPS组合导航RAIM算法。提出了一种基于BDS/GPS定位解最优加权平均解的算法,结合最优加权平均解与BDS/GPS定位解的关系建立检验统计量,根据最大允许的虚警率计算检验门限,实现对故障所在卫星导航系统的检测,并采用加权最小二乘残差法对故障进行检测与识别。研究结果对多星座组合卫星导航系统应用于民航APV飞行阶段的导航具有一定的参考意义。      

基于GPS/北斗组合系统的高轨卫星定位技术研究

针对目前高轨GPS信号可用性差及定位精度低的特点, 对GPS/北斗组合系统的 高轨卫星定位技术进行研究, 对比分析了单GPS系统与GPS/北斗组合系统的卫 星可见性和几何精度因子. 结果表明, GPS/北斗组合系统比单GPS系统的卫星可 见性好, 且定位精度高. 同时通过提出在星载接收机上采用高精度原子钟, 可实现三星定位, 降低对接收机的技术要求.     

粒子群优化粒子滤波的接收机自主完好性监测

接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）是航空卫星导航接收机必不可少的功能,为保持全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）在卫星发生故障时系统性能不降级,需要对卫星故障进行检测和隔离。针对接收机观测噪声非高斯分布的特点,提出一种基于粒子群优化粒子滤波（PSO-PF）的故障检测和隔离算法。通过粒子群优化粒子滤波对状态估计进行一致性检验实现故障检测。采集实测数据验证算法的检测性能,并与基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法进行比较,结果表明:本文所提算法在非高斯测量噪声下可检测并隔离全球定位系统（GPS）故障卫星,其性能优于基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法性能,对研究北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）接收机自主完好性监测具有一定的意义。      

基于并行遗传算法的高轨卫星导航选星方法

高轨航天器自主导航能力在北斗三号卫星导航系统建成后得到了增强,但是也带来了部分时刻可见星数量冗余的问题。为降低运算量以保证服务的实时性,提出一种利用多种群并行遗传算法(PGA)进行快速选择当前最优可见星组合的方法。该方法将加权精度因子(WDOP)作为适应度评判标准,利用粗粒度式并行划分成的多个子种群进行搜索加速,并通过变异因子差异化设置与子种群间的信息交流来提高搜索能力。对多个典型高轨环境下7颗及以上选星任务的仿真测试表明,基于PGA的选星方法解相比遍历法所求最优解绝对误差平均值小于0.1,相对误差最大不超过1%。仿真结果表明,在典型高轨环境F1接收机利用四系统组合导航时,所提方法可以有效地快速、准确完成指定卫星数的选星任务。     

基于粒子群优化LSTM的股票预测模型

为了提高股票时间序列预测精度,增强预测模型结构参数可解释性,提出一种基于自适应粒子群优化（PSO）的长短期记忆（LSTM）股票价格预测模型（PSO-LSTM）,该模型在LSTM模型的基础上进行改进和优化,因此擅长处理具有长期依赖关系的、复杂的非线性问题。通过自适应学习策略的PSO算法对LSTM模型的关键参数进行寻优,使股票数据特征与网络拓扑结构相匹配,提高股票价格预测精度。实验分别以沪市、深市、港股股票数据构建了PSO-LSTM模型,并对该模型的预测结果与其他预测模型进行比较分析。结果表明,基于自适应PSO的LSTM股票价格预测模型不但提高了预测准确度,而且具有普遍适用性。      

Lunar geophysical parameters inversion based on gravity/topography admittance and particle swarm optimization

This paper presents a FORTRAN computer program. The program as code will be used for lunar parameter inversions based on gravity/topography admittance. This will be done by assuming that the lunar lithosphere is modeled as a thin elastic spherical shell. The parameters discussed here include; load ratio, crustal thickness, subsurface load depth, crustal density and elastic lithosphere thickness. The admittance of the best-fitting model can be found through automatically adjusting misfits between one theoretical admittance and an observed one. The results in this paper indicate that this research’s theoretical model is reasonable for exploring the best-fitting parameters. In addition, this code is not only able to automatically and simultaneously calculate the global optimum solution of the parameters studied, but also performs well in computational speed. The code can be easily modified to include more parameter inversions; such as the inversion for subsurface density anomaly and the case of considering infilling material in some lunar mare basins.     

粒子群优化在直升机旋翼动平衡调整中的应用

传统的直升机旋翼调整方法没有考虑调整参数与振动信号之间的非线性关系,针对这一缺点,提出将广义回归神经网络(GRNN,General Regression Neural Network)和粒子群算法相结合的旋翼调整方法,采用GRNN网络建立旋翼动平衡调整模型,以桨叶的调整参数作为神经网络的输入,以旋翼转轴和机身的三向的加速度测量值作为网络输出,建立调整参数与直升机振动信号间的模型.以直升机振动作为目标函数,采用粒子群优化算法对桨叶的调整参数进行寻优,获得当直升机振动最小时的桨叶的调整量. 飞行实验结果表明,此方法可通过飞行测试获得的新数据对神经网络进行更新,使系统在使用过程中不断完善,并可在较少的飞行调整下完成旋翼的动平衡调整.      

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.