Hierarchical control of intelligent machines applied to spacestation telerobots

A hierarchical architecture is described which supports space station telerobots in a variety of modes. The system is divided into three hierarchies: task decomposition, world model, and sensory processing. Goals at each level of the task decomposition hierarchy are divided both spatially and temporarily into simpler commands for the next lower level. This decomposition is repeated until, at the lowest level, the drive signals to the robot actuators are generated. To accomplish its goals, task decomposition modules must often use information stored in the world model. The purpose of the sensory system is to update the world model as rapidly as possible to keep the model in registration with the physical world. The architecture of the entire control system hierarchy and how it can be applied to space telerobot applications is described     

Military aircraft fiber optics networks: status & direction

Fiber optics is proving to be an essential transmission medium at data rates of 1 Gigabit per second and above because of advantages relative to copper, including increased distance-bandwidth, reduced weight, and reduced cable volume. Whereas implementation in commercial applications is often straightforward, aerospace applications present a number of challenges due to an environment harsher than exists in the commercial world. In order to meet the future needs of military aircraft, designers will have to choose carefully between a number of component and architectural choices now available. This paper examines current trends in aerospace fiber optics and maps future needs for aerospace.     

基于小波变换的雷达测量数据的随机误差分析

小波变换是各领域科学研究必备的有力工具。本文介绍了小波变换的理论知识,具体讨论它在雷达测量数据随机误差分析中的应用,包括小波变换去噪的原理和过程,使用改进MAD方法计算随机误差方差。仿真结果表明,小波变换简单有效,在实践中具有应用价值。     

中部崛起的国际瓶颈、后发优势及对策

中部地区与全国其他地区尤其是东部地区相比较,对外开放相对滞后,在发展外向型经济、吸引区域外生产要素流入方面,远远落后于全国平均水平。从外资企业的数量来看,中部地区外资企业和港澳台企业个数的绝对数和相对数都偏低。虽然中部地区在全国区域发展中目前处于后发状态,但从整个国际环境来看,它仍有区位、资源和软环境等比较优势。因此,中部崛起作为中国区域发展战略的重要一环,不但要加入国内经济循环,更应该把握住国际产业升级的动向,抓住当前制造业由世界向中国、由沿海向内地转移的时机,大力发展和挖掘自己的优势,抢占具有较高附加值的产业制高点,积极融入全球化以形成自己的后发优势,带动经济的快速发展和腾飞,从而实现崛起。     

工科普通物理中有关原子物理教学内容的探讨

本文探讨了工科普通物理中有关原子物理的教学内容。提出对教学内容要强调三个方面：（１）要强调基本概念与重点内容，（２）要讲清实验与新思想、新概念间的关联，（３）要介绍有关高新技术的新进展及应用前景。     

A Low-Cost LAN Implementation for the Factory

As the factory environment becomes increasingly automated, the need for data organization, data integrity, and data access will be a requirement. A local-area network for the factory is an option capable of solving data requirements. In addition, factory operation complexity can be reduced by centralizing data and developing robust applications; these applications should fulfill data organization, integrity, and access requirements and be an operator's interface to the automated factory.     

Enhanced ADS-B Research

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is gaining acceptance around the world as the next-generation surveillance technology. It can provide surveillance to air traffic controllers to support today's procedures as well as surveillance in the cockpit to support air-to-air applications. Pilots and ground personnel have begun to benefit from this technology but further benefits from technological improvements can still be realized. These improvements include security, increased data capacity, and advanced applications (4D trajectory and data exchange). To this end research is currently being performed by Sensis Corporation in cooperation with NASA Glenn research center to provide enhancements to the ADS-B UAT (universal access transceiver) data link. The research goal is to encourage user acceptance by improving upon existing capability and usability along with providing a roadmap and demonstrations of future data link capability     

收敛转弯试飞方法评述

收敛转弯是目前国外普遍采用的试飞驾驶方法，通过与以往采用的试飞驾驶方法进行比较，说明收敛转弯方法的优越性，并阐述了收敛转弯的操纵要领，注意事项，安全措施及其适用范围。理论和实践证明，收敛转弯是一种较好的试飞驾驶方法，在试飞中有广泛的用途，值得推广。     

Information technology security using cryptography

It is widely known that information technology applications should be secured. During the last years, special efforts have been applied to achieve a great level of security. These efforts have increased security in some aspects, such as cryptographic algorithms and authentication techniques, etc. But many other security holes have appeared in these applications, making the improvements achieved a "waste of time and money". In this paper, some of these security holes are exposed. Using security hardware modules can overcome some of these holes, if they are designed according to the applications specification.     

Progress of continuously rotating detonation engines

Continuously rotating detonation engine (CRDE) is a focus for concern in the field of aerospace propulsion. It has several advantages, including one-initiation, high thermal efficiency and simple structure. Due to these characteristics, it is expected to bring revolutionary advance-ments to aviation and aerospace propulsion systems and now has drawn much attention throughout the world. In this paper, an overview of the development of CRDE is given from several aspects:basic concepts, applications, experimental studies, numerical simulations, and so on. Representative results and outstanding contributions are summarized and the unresolved issues for further engi-neering applications of CRDE are provided.     

MIMO radar: snake oil or good idea?

MIMO communication is theoretically superior to conventional communication under certain conditions, and MIMO communication also appears to be practical and cost-effective in the real world for some applications. It is natural to suppose that the same is true for MIMO radar, but the situation is not so clear. Researchers claim many advantages of MIMO radar relative to phased array radars (e.g., better detection performance, better angular resolution, better angular measurement accuracy, improved robustness against RFI, ECM, multipath, etc.). We will evaluate such assertions from a system engineering viewpoint. In particular, there are serious trade-offs of MIMO vs. phased array radars relative to cost, system complexity, and risk considering numerous real world effects that are not included in most theoretical analyses. Moreover, in many cases one can achieve essentially the same radar system improvement with phased array radars using simpler, less expensive, and less risky algorithms. We evaluate roughly a dozen asserted advantages of MIMO radar relative to phased arrays.     

建筑设计中的生态思维与对策

可持续发展问题是全人类共同面对的问题，该问题的核心又是人的行为与环境的关系问题，然而作为人类社会活动的重要组成部分，建筑在与环境的关系问题上长期以来走了一条弯路。如果情况再这样发展下去将会造成无法挽回的损失，扭转这种局面不仅是建筑师不可推卸的责任，也是时代向建筑师提出的挑战。要应对挑战，建筑师第一应具有清醒的头脑，第二还应掌握有效的方法。     

激光微细孔加工技术及其在航空航天领域中的应用

越来越多的产品向着微型化、精密化的方向发展.促使微细孔加工技术也得到了飞速发展.本文对当前世界上利用激光加工微细孔的技术及其在航空航天领域中的应用作了介绍.     

航空机载设备的软件文档种类要求

软件文档是航空机载设备软件的重要组成部分。应遵循适用的标准来规定航空机载设备的软件文档种类要求。应普遍重视软件编码标准和软件配置索引这两种文档，而通常规定的用户手册则不是必需的。     

原子干涉陀螺仪精密测量及应用

由于原子干涉陀螺仪具有灵敏度高和长期稳定性好等特点,在惯性导航、精密测量、测地学等领域有着重要的应用前景,因此,研制高精度原子干涉陀螺仪具有重要的科学意义和应用价值,已成为当今研究的热点课题之一.首先综述了国内外原子干涉陀螺仪的研究进展和发展趋势.然后分析了广义相对论检验和惯性导航应用对原子干涉陀螺仪的需求,介绍了10...     

军用飞机飞行器管理系统的功能结构研究

现代战争中,军用飞机不仅需要各系统正常运行,而且必须进行广泛的信息交互,保证有效完成作战任务。面对日益繁多的信息数据和复杂的设备操控,飞行员难以承担如此繁重的管理和控制任务,出现了飞行器管理系统。本文介绍了飞行器管理系统的发展背景,通过说明战术（任务）飞行管理系统的特点,阐释了公用系统与航电系统综合发展的必然趋势,根据...     

河南省中小企业发展战略研究

河南省面对加入ＷＴＯ带来的挑战和西部大开发的机遇,仅有“东引西进”的战略是不够的,必须进一步研究河南省中小企业在全球市场的经营战略,聚合核心优势,提高国际竞争能力,从而加快河南省中小企业的发展．     

接触热阻与接触导热填料

在调研国内外接触热阻研究的基础上,介绍了关接触热阻及接触导热填料的研究发展情况,对导热脂及油、金属、导热垫、ＲＴＶ、镀层等导热填料的性能、应用情况作了简介,提供工程应用参考。     

增材制造法——MIM技术

论述了90年代国际全新的“增材制造”技术。重点介紹了该技术的分类和8种重要方法,并对有关方法进行了比较分析,最后对该技术的发展、应用和有关理论问题作了进一步阐述。     

Rate-constrained target detection

Given little or no a priori information, a real world detection system has the task of allocating limited resources. Often these resources are themselves detection systems that operate at a slower rate, for example a tracker following a radar. Detection systems that are described by serial multiple decision points with each decision device assumed to be more reliable but slower than the device preceding it are considered. It is shown that because of the rate constraint the Neyman-Pearson criterion is suboptimum. An optimum rate-constraint test is developed which has the same likelihood ratio form as the Neyman-Pearson test. A strategy for controlling multiple-point detection sequences is developed that depends only on local information and is shown to be optimum under fairly broad conditions. The strategy can be implemented in practical systems, since it depends on the hit rate which is both controllable and observable. This approach to decision-making has applications in many fields and shows a promise as both an analysis and design tool