一种星载伞天线展开机构研究

天线展开机构使用动力绳实现天线展开和收拢过程中易出现动力绳松弛、脱槽现象。以星载高精度伞状天线展开机构为研究对象，分析天线展开机构的工作原理；利用解析法获得展开机构的运动方程，结合天线展开机构运动部件结构参数，得到天线展开过程中展开机构动力绳的松弛规律；建立以展开机构结构参数为设计变量，以动力绳松弛量最小为目标的展开机构结构优化模型，通过模拟退火法进行求解，得到优化的展开机构结构参数，通过优化前后的展开机构展开、收扰功能试验，测试了机构工作时动力绳的松弛量，验证了展开机构优化的正确性。结果表明：优化后的展开机构动力绳松弛量较优化前降低了90%，优化效果显著。     

辐射开环绳系卫星编队自旋展开动力学与控制策略

提出了圆轨道辐射开环绳系卫星编队的展开控制策略。首先采用拉格朗日方程建立了辐射开环绳系卫星编队的展开动力学模型,分析了主星姿态与绳长在展开过程的动力学耦合关系;随后以建立的动力学模型为基础,分别研究了编队在重力梯度力补偿和无补偿两种情况下的自旋展开控制策略,通过规划绳系释放速度、主星自旋角速度等变量,实现了绳系编队的有效展开;最后搭建了编队自旋展开的动力学模型,通过数值仿真对所提出的展开策略进行验证,仿真结果表明：在重力梯度力矩补偿和无补偿的情况下,所提出的展开控制策略能够保证编队稳定展开。     

面向GMTI任务的系绳式InSAR系统展开研究

研究了短绳系式合成孔径雷达干涉技术（InSAR）系统面向地面动目标检测（GMTI）任务时的展开问题。使用系统的三维动力学模型,首先分析系统在平衡位置附近的稳定性,确定系统执行GMTI任务时面临的问题。结合GMTI任务需求确定系统短系绳情况时的展开方式,使用粒子群算法对系统初始分离速度和方向进行优选,使系统在展开结束时恰好摆动到水平方向。在展开完成后对系统施加阻尼控制和喷气控制,使系统长期处于水平方向附近,以获取期望顺轨基线,最后通过数值仿真验证。结果表明：考虑展开机构静摩擦力时,在优选的初始状态下无控展开,系统能够到达目标位置,且在稳定控制下能够长期保持顺轨基线大于99.6 m。     

周边桁架可展天线展开过程动力学分析及控制

 基于多刚体系统动力学的Lagrange方法,采用独立的Lagrange广义坐标,考虑耗散力、铰链处扭簧的驱动力及索网预张力对展开过程的影响,建立了周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学模型,给出了基于力控制的展开过程控制策略,得出了展开过程驱动力的变化与天线位形变化之间的关系,根据所规划好的天线展开运动得出相应的驱动力。编制了仿真程序进行算例分析,研究了初速度、阻尼及重力对天线展开过程的影响,实现了考虑驱动扭簧的刚度、关节中的阻尼、重力及索网预张力影响的周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学分析与控制。实验仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

声纳浮标阵目标搜索优化布放算法

为提高声纳浮标阵的目标搜索效率,文章首先建立目标运动模型和累积搜索概率的计算方法,然后提出了基于多点随机搜索、分区分支界定和遗传算法的浮标阵优化布放方法。仿真结果表明：这3种优化方法均优于传统布放方法,多点随机搜索算法性能最差但适合短时间制定布放策略;分区分支界定算法适合优化较少参数的浮标阵形,保证能找到最优点;对于较...     

Statistical analysis for rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of a space cable system

The results of the statistical analysis for the rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of the orbital cable system are presented. At mathematical simulation a cable is considered to be a weightless inextensible mechanical linkage. The cable is deployed according to the predetermined law. The basic spacecraft is oriented along the local geovertical by means of its own stabilization system. The simulation is carried out by the statistical testing method. The motion characteristics being studied include: modulus of the capsule angular velocity and the nutation angle at the final point of the cable deployment.     

Deployment dynamics for flexible deployable primary mirror of space telescope with paraboloidal and laminated structure by using absolute node coordinate method

A nonlinear dynamic modeling method for primary mirror of Flower-like Deployable Space Telescope (F-DST) undergoing large deployment motion is proposed in this paper. To ensure pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the paraboloidal primary mirror, the mirror is discretized into equal thickness shell elements by considering shell curvature. And the material nonlinear constitutive relation of flexible mirror is acquired using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Furthermore, the primary mirror of F-DST can be regarded as a clustered multi-body system, and its dynamic equations of elastic deformation and deployment motion are established by virtual work principle. Finally, the deployment motion of primary mirror by different driving conditions are simulated, the results show that the vibrations of mirrors that driven by elastic hinge device are more than that driven by servo motor. In addition, single sub-mirror deployment process will perturb the pointing accuracy of primary mirror, and the multiple sub-mirrors simultaneously deploying will seriously affect all the sub-mirrors surface accuracy because of the coupling effect. Thus, there are theoretical value and practical significance for the controlling surface accuracy and attitude accuracy of space telescope.     

一种面向航空集群的集中控制式网络部署方法

软件定义网络（SDN）的发展为机载网络构建提供了全新的设计思想。针对航空集群环境下控制平面的可扩展性问题,研究了混合层次式架构下的多控制器部署问题。首先,为实现对底层传输节点的弹性管控,通过扩展控制层级定义了本地控制器资源池。然后,为减少时间复杂度,实现本地控制器的快速部署,将传统的多控制器直接部署转化为子域划分和域内部署两个步骤,提出了基于节点密度排序的子域划分算法和基于改进多目标模拟退火的域内控制器部署算法。实验结果表明：与已有算法相比,所提算法在保证控制器的负载均衡基础上,可以有效减少网络控制链路的平均时延和平均失连率,同时时间复杂度更低,能够适用于大规模及动态网络环境下的控制器部署场景。     

Dynamic analysis of spinning solar sails at deployment process

The spinning deployment process of solar sails is analyzed in this study.A simplified model is established by considering the out-of-plane and in-plane motions of solar sails.The influences of structure parameters,initial conditions,and feedback control parameters are also analyzed.A method to build the geometric model of a solar sail is presented by analyzing the folding process of solar sails.The finite element model of solar sails is then established,which contains continuous cables and sail membranes.The dynamics of the second-stage deployment of solar sails are simulated by using ABAQUS software.The influences of the rotational speed and out-of-plane movement of the hub are analyzed by different tip masses,initial velocities,and control parameters.Compared with the results from theoretical models,simulation results show good agreements.     

基于龙芯处理器的系统移植方法和应用可行性研究

提出了基于龙芯计算模块的嵌入式操作系统移植和实现方法,实现了龙芯计算模块的操作系统加载、启动和驱动开发,并介绍了龙芯处理器的性能测试方法和测试结果,为龙芯国产处理器在航空电子领域的部署和应用可行性提供了一定的依据.     

Visual analysis in a deployable antenna experiment [satellite antenna]

To establish a large deployable antenna, monitoring and collimation are essential for reliable and precise deployment. We have developed an analysis method to detect shifts in several images, in which the combination of cross-correlations between images and approximations at subpixel precision enables us to detect shifts in images with a precision of up to 0.01 pixels. The LDREX mission; which was a preliminary experiment for a large deployable antenna, ETS-VIII, was performed in December 2000. During this experiment, anomalies occurred in the antenna, and deployment was aborted. To understand the cause of the anomalies, we used our visual analysis method. Using this analysis, we detected vibrating features in the antenna, which were useful for explaining the anomalies. We outline our visual analysis method and discuss its application in monitoring the deployable antenna.     

密林环境空地协同GNSS/UWB快速高精度定位技术

针对密林中卫星信号遮挡难以实现快速高精度定位的问题,提出了一种密林环境空地协同全球卫星导航系统/超宽带(GNSS/UWB)高精度定位方法。该方法综合考虑无人机平台在空旷环境快速运动与超宽带的强穿透性测量等特征,通过无人机携带GNSS/UWB集成化载荷,以移动单基站模拟多基站,配合密林中UWB标签组网测距,完成密林中UWB标签定位。对基站布设方案展开研究,为密林环境下空地协同GNSS/UWB快速高精度定位技术应用提供基站布设指导和依据,并且利用密林环境下实测测距实验+仿真定位实验对提出的方法进行验证。结果表明,所述方法可有效实现密林环境下的快速高精度定位,精度达到分米级,并且通过优选基站布设网型、范围及高度可有效提高定位精度,为密林环境下快速高精度定位方法提供了理论支撑。     

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas. Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process, the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates. This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas, and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy. Firstly, the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted. Secondly, a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors. Thirdly, two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made. Finally, numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy. Moreover, the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process, and thereby improves the deployment reliability.     

Tangling and instability effect analysis of initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles on electrodynamic tether deployment under gravity gradient

The space debris occupies the orbit resources greatly, which seriously threats the safety of spacecraft for its high risks of collisions. Many theories about space debris removal have been put forward in recent years. The Electro Dynamic Tether (EDT), which can be deployed under gravity gradient, is considered to be an effective method to remove debris in low orbit for its low power consumption. However, in order to generate sufficient Lorentz force, the EDT needs to be deployed to several kilometers, which increases the risks of tangling and the instability of the EDT system. In the deployment process, different initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles, caused by direction error at initial release or the initial selection of ejection, affect the motion of EDT system seriously. In order to solve these problems, firstly, this paper establishes the dynamic model of the EDT system. Then, based on the model, safety metrics of avoiding tangling and assessing system stability during EDT deployment stage are designed to quantitatively evaluate the EDT system security. Finally, several numerical simulations are established to determine the safety ranges of the initial in-plane/out-of-plane angles on the EDT deployment.     

Design and analysis of truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a novel symmetric hexagonal profile division method

As the deployment, supporting, and stability mechanisms of satellite antennas, space-deployable mechanisms play a key role in the field of aerospace. In order to design truss deployable antenna supporting mechanisms with large folding rate, high accuracy, easy deployment and strong stability, aiming at the geometric division of the parabolic reflector, a novel method based on symmetric hexagonal division and its corresponding modular truss deployable antenna mechanism is proposed, and the original method based on asymmetric triangular division and its corresponding mechanisms are presented for comparative analysis. Then, the screw theory is employed to analyze the mobility of different mechanisms. Furthermore, the improved three-dimensional mesh method is used to divide the reflector surface of a large parabolic antenna designed by the two different methods, and the profile accuracy and the type of links are taken as the evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze the division results. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the modular deployable mechanism based on the symmetric hexagonal design is developed, and the deployable mechanisms with different configurations based on the two design methods are compared and analyzed from the mechanical perspective. The research results provide a good theoretical reference for the design of deployable truss antenna mechanisms and their application in the aerospace field.     

基于Galerkin法的柔性绳系辅助返回系统的展开动力学建模与分析

以大型空间绳系辅助返回系统为背景,利用微元法和拉格朗日方程建立有分布质量的柔性绳系辅助返回系统的展开动力学模型.针对模型复杂的非线性和强耦合问题,采用Galerkin法进行离散化处理以求解;引入经典的珠子模型,以验证Galerkin法解的准确性;最后通过数学仿真来验证和分析Galerkin法解的正确性和收敛性,并对绳系...     

Optimization of the tether-assisted return mission of a guided re-entry capsule

This paper presents the mission analysis of a tether-assisted payload retrieval from the International Space Station (ISS). The objective is to assess all relevant phases of such a mission in order to allow a comparison with a conventional mission employing a propulsive deorbitation. The controlled tether deployment procedure and the guided return flight of the released re-entry capsule are optimized. A preferable deployment strategy is identified that allows for favorable entry conditions and low flight loads. The optimal deployment trajectories serve as a basis for an optimal dynamic regulator. This approach is extended towards an adaptive concept, where artificial neural networks are applied to deployment control. For the guidance of the capsule a predictive concept is proposed that is based on the optimal re-entry trajectories identified previously. By applying these concepts, the attainable landing accuracy during return amounts to an average of 5 km, and the application of the tether system exhibits overall system mass advantages. This demonstrates that the tether-assisted return mission is a competitive alternative.     

Study on the Behavior of Solar Array Deployment with Root Hinge Drive Assembly

In this paper, a method of using a root hinge drive assembly (RHDA) to control the solar array deployment is provided and a multi-DOF mechanism dynamic model of the system is established. In this way, the root hinge torque can be calculated iteratively. Then taking the predicted torque as a reference, a RHDA is designed for a large multiple-stage packaging and deployable solar array system. The control effect of the drive assembly is validated by ground tests. The test results indicate that the solar arrays can be deployed smoothly, and the deployment velocities are restricted by the drive assembly as expected. During the tests, the RHDA output speed and output torque are obtained. In order to examine the impact force when the yoke is lock-up with a hard stop, dynamics simulations are performed according to the actual behavior. The simulation result indicates that the designed RHDA reduces the impact force significantly and improves the lock-up reliability effectively.     

Deployment dynamic analysis of deployable antennas considering thermal effect

Dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems is complex. Several successful methods have been demonstrated. However, few works discussed the dynamic performance of the flexible multibody under different temperatures. This paper uses the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to analyze the flexible body dynamics of deployment structures under different temperatures to simulate space environments. The dynamic equations of finite element in temperature field are developed. Then a computer-aided simulation of flexible multibody systems in temperature field is implemented. A general four-bar mechanism under different temperatures as a simulation example is demonstrated, and the deployment characteristics of a special four-bar mechanism as a basic module of the hoop truss deployable antenna is analyzed under different temperatures in order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the deployable antenna in space environments. The simulation results indicate the influence factors of deployment dynamic characteristics include the structural form, material properties, geometric parameters and deployment planning in ambient and thermal/vacuum environments.     

快速响应侦察的测控通信与地面站布设研究

快速响应侦察是空间快速响应技术的一个重要应用,而合理布设地面站以保障侦察卫星的发射测控和快速数据回收是侦察任务顺利完成的基础。通过分析近地快速覆盖轨道和近地重复覆盖轨道的对地覆盖特性,针对发射测控和快速数据回收提出了地面站的布设原则,结合我国领土特点给出了这2类轨道的地面站布设方案,并求解了该方案所能提供的发射测控弧段长度和侦察数据返回时间。分析表明,在我国境内布设地面站以保障快速响应侦察卫星的发射测控和快速数据回收是可行的,其数据返回时间小于1个轨道周期。