一种主动抑制太阳帆板挠性振动的控制策略研究

为提升高分辨率遥感卫星姿态控制精度,对主动抑制太阳帆板挠性振动的控制策略进行了研究。建立了由卫星平台、步进电机和太阳帆板组成的系统耦合动力学模型,分析了该模型的频率和阻尼比耦合特性。基于输入成型技术零极点对消的抑制振动原理,提出了对帆板原始转速指令进行整型并补偿电机定位转矩的控制策略:根据获得的系统各阶振动频率和阻尼比,设计各模态ZVD输入成型器,所有成型器卷积成综合成型器,原始帆板转速指令先输入综合成型器再输入电机以抑制各模态振动。数学仿真验证了该策略的原理可行性,表明控制策略能有效抑制帆板的挠性振动,且对设计参数误差和模型参数变化具较强的鲁棒性,有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于PD控制的大挠性卫星输入成型姿态机动方法研究

对有快速姿态机动要求的大挠性卫星,为减小挠性振动对姿态机动时间的影响,对基于比例微分(PD)控制的输入成型姿态机动方法进行了研究,提出用输入成型方法在快速机动过程中直接对附件的挠性振动进行抑制。将动力学方程扩展到状态空间,通过求解状态矩阵的特征值解出系统的等效振动频率与阻尼比,以获得成型输入器。给出了一种简化的且能满足工程使用的输入成型频率参数确定方法。设计了输入成型的PD控制器,实现欧拉轴快速姿态机动,同时有效抑制附件的振动。对输入成型器的误差进行了分析。仿真分析了ZVD,EI,ZVDD,EI-Twohump四种输入成型器对某卫星太阳阵挠性振动的抑制效果,以及惯量和挠性参数分别在标称及拉偏状态下卫星姿态机动时的姿态误差与振动模态。结果表明:该方法可满足工程使用要求,简易地获取输入成型参数,设计绕欧拉轴近似最短路径的机动方式,能有效抑制附件的挠性振动,实现快速的姿态机动。     

轨道快速机动期间的姿态鲁棒稳定控制方法研究

根据挠性充液航天器刚液柔强耦合、变参数及模型不确定的特点,研究了一种神经网络输出变结构控制算法.根据该算法提出了轨道快速机动卜的姿态控制方案,设计了控制系统并对干扰力矩、模型不确定性等工况进行了仿真.仿真结果表明在发动机干扰力矩和模型不确定情况下.系统能够快速稳定到要求的精度.所设计的系统具有较强的鲁棒性,能够抑制挠性附件振动和液体晃动的影响.     

一种应用输入成型的敏捷卫星快速姿态机动控制方法

敏捷卫星对姿态机动能力的快速性和稳定性提出了更高的要求,为此,提出一种应用输入成型的卫星姿态机动控制方法。通过引入比例-微分(PD)反馈加力矩前馈的复合控制,以及采用输入成型器对规划的原始姿态路径控制指令进行调制,使卫星控制后期稳定度得到提高,并能有效抑制挠性部件的振动。数学仿真验证的结果表明:对卫星姿态机动路径的规划和输入成型调制,可以在实现快速机动的同时,有效抑制挠性结构振动,缩短姿态稳定时间,为有效载荷提供更多的可工作时间和高精度、高稳定度的工作环境。     

目标捕获后航天器组合体的角动量转移与抑振规划

针对失稳目标捕获后航天器组合体的位姿调整与稳定问题,提出一种组合体角动量转移与振动抑制复合规划方法。首先建立了同时考虑了空间机械臂、目标卫星太阳翼、服务卫星太阳翼等柔性构件的航天器组合体动力学模型。然后提出角动量转移优化方法,规划机械臂最终构型,保证组合体相对稳定后的角速度最小;基于粒子群算法设计了机械臂最优抑振轨迹规划方法,抑制角动量转移过程中的机械臂和太阳翼的柔性振动。最后通过数值仿真验证了规划方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效实现组合体的角动量转移,并显著降低组合体的柔性振动,具有工程实用性。     

带有输入非线性的挠性航天器姿态机动变结构控制

针对挠性航天器反作用飞轮输入力矩受限情况下的姿态机动问题，提出了一种仅利用输出信息的变结构输出反馈控制方法。在基于非线性和低阶模态的动力学模型基础上，给出了滑模存在条件以及变结构输出反馈控制器设计的方法，并保证闭环系统渐近稳定；另外，为了避免确定不确定性和外干扰界函数上限的困难，又给出了一种自适应变结构输出反馈控制器的设计方法，并基于Lyapunov方法分析了滑动模态的存在性及稳定性。最后，将本文提出的两种控制方法应用于三轴稳定挠性航天器的姿态机动控制，并进行数值仿真研究。仿真结果表明：在反作用飞轮的控制受限条件下，完成姿态机动的同时，使得挠性附件的振动幅值远远小于0．001，有效地抑制挠性附件的振动。     

挠性航天器大角度机动的变结构控制

考虑刚性主体上带有挠性梁的航天器 ,在建立挠性系统动力学模型的基础上 ,采用等速趋近率的滑模变结构控制策略进行大角度机动控制 ,并通过最优控制理论设计弹性稳态器 ,抑制由于刚体运动而激发的弹性振动 ,实现了旋转机动的同时 ,有效抑制弹性振动     

基于路径规划和输入成型的挠性航天器振动控制方法

基于跟踪指令轨迹的航天器姿态机动方案,给出了一种余弦过渡角加速度路径规划算法,以抑制机动后挠性附件振动,应用多模态双峰EI输入成型器对规划路径进行优化。该算法简单,易实现。将规划路径与bang-coast-bang(BCB)路径比较,仿真结果表明采用跟踪输入成型器优化的余弦过渡加速度路径法实现姿态机动可有效抑制挠性附件振动,减小残余耦合力矩,提高快速性。     

带挠性附件三轴稳定卫星姿态动力学状态空间模型研究

对带挠性附件三轴稳定卫星姿态动力学状态空间模型建立进行了研究。用混合坐标法建立带挠性附件的卫星的动力学方程,对挠性体的高阶模态作截断处理以简化模型。用小角度近似获得了以姿态角表示的刚体卫星线性化姿态动力学方程,给出了卫星姿态动力学方程状态空间方程,将卫星的挠性附件振动耦合作用作为一种外部干扰力矩叠加到线性方程中,建立了完整的带挠性附件三轴卫星姿态动力学方程的状态空间模型。以某带单翼太阳电池板的卫星作为算例,设计了基于状态空间模型的控制器,结果表明基于状态空间模型设计的高阶线性控制器能对具非线性时变特性的卫星进行有效控制,对帆板等挠性附件的振动有主动抑制功能。     

基于模态观测器的挠性航天器姿态控制

针对带有挠性附件航天器的姿态跟踪问题,提出了基于挠性模态观测器的滑模控制律。采用混合坐标法建立挠性航天器动力学模型,构造挠性模态观测器观测挠性模态位移及其变化率。选择一类滑模面,用Lyapunov方法得出基于挠性模态观测器的滑模控制律,并给出了稳定性证明。分别在变速率姿态跟踪,恒速率姿态跟踪和零速率姿态跟踪的情况下进行了仿真。仿真结果显示,与一般的滑模控制律相比,提出的控制律能够有效提高姿态控制的稳态精度,减小挠性模态振动对姿态控制的影响。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验,设计数字摄像视觉测振系统,基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程,通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型,通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比,验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性,为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。     

柔性卫星角加速度轨迹规划与振动抑制方法

针对柔性卫星在快速机动过程中会激发柔性附件振动的问题,提出一种通过设计角加速度轨迹来抑制振动的方法。在存在振动频率不确定性的情况下,所规划的角加速度轨迹能够将残余振动幅值抑制在指定的范围内。类比不同幂次余弦函数激发的残余振动表达式,设计一种含有多个待定系数的角加速度曲线,并根据残余振动幅值对待定系数进行约束,从而求解出所有的待定系数。这种设计方法改进了余弦函数抑制低频振动需要增加较大机动时间的问题。相比输入成型方法,所规划的轨迹光滑,增加的机动时间较短,对高频振动有着更好的抑制效果。     

Very large space structures: Non-linear control and robustness to structural uncertainties

Very Large Space Structures (VLSS) are challenging systems to be controlled, due to their high flexibility. In particular, rapid attitude maneuvers can determine great oscillations on the flexible elements of a spacecraft (solar wings, antennas, booms). On account of this, in the last decades many researchers have developed different strategies to effectively damp the elastic vibrations by means of active vibration devices (such as piezo-electric patches) or by means of robust control algorithms. The approach suggested in this paper is different, since neither additional devices nor complex control laws are introduced. In fact, the complete model of the system (including rigid, elastic and orbital dynamics, coupled with control actions) is controlled by the non-linear attitude controller named state dependent Riccati equation, which will be based on a simplified version of the spacecraft model. The task to reduce the mutual interaction between rigid attitude and flexible dynamics is entirely transferred to a modification of the desired trajectory that must be tracked. This command shaping technique is based on the knowledge of the parameters (inertial and elastics) of the VLSS. Unfortunately these parameters are not always exactly known and, however, they may change over the time. On account of this a Monte Carlo analysis has been also performed, showing the robustness of the proposed control strategy to the structural uncertainties. The numerical simulations prove that this strategy, based on the joint application of two well-known yet simple techniques, produces accurate and robust results.     

Vibration control of a flexible space manipulator during on orbit operations

Space manipulators are complex systems, composed by robotic arms accommodated on an orbiting platform. They can be used to perform a variety of tasks: launch of satellites, retrieval of spacecraft for inspection, maintenance and repair, movement of cargo and so on. All these missions require extreme precision. However, in order to respect the mass at launch requirements, manipulators arms are usually very light and flexible, and their motion involves significant structural vibrations, especially after a grasping maneuver. In order to fulfill the maneuvers of space robotic systems it is hence necessary to properly model the forces acting on the space robot, from the main terms, such as the orbital motion, to the second order perturbations, like the gravity gradient and the orbital perturbations; also flexible excitation of the links and of the joints can be of great importance in the manipulators dynamics. The case is furthermore complicated by the fact that the manipulator, together with its supporting spacecraft, is an unconstrained body. Therefore the motion of any of its parts affects the entire system configuration. The governing equations of the dynamics of such robotic systems are highly nonlinear and fully coupled. The present paper aims at designing and studying active damping strategies and relevant devices that could be used to reduce the structural vibrations of a space manipulator with flexible links during its on orbit operations. In particular an optimized adaptive vibration control via piezoelectric devices is proposed. The number of piezoelectric devices, their placement and operational mode should be correctly chosen in order to obtain maximum performance in terms of elastic oscillations reduction and power consumption. Even though an optimal placement cannot have a universal validity, since it depends on the type of maneuver and on the overall inertial and geometrical characteristics, an approach to solve the problem is proposed.     

等离子体接触器对空间站充放电的影响

针对采用100V高压电池阵的空间站结构体带电现象,提出采用等离子体接触器进行主动电位控制方案,根据此方案建立包含接触器的空间站充放电等效电路模型,研究等离子体接触器对空间站充放电过程的影响及空间站结构因素对接触器钳位效果的影响,从而了解等离子体接触器与空间站悬浮电位的耦合特性。结果表明,无论空间站处于“快速充电”还是“正常充电”情况,等离子体接触器均能有效将空间站悬浮电位钳制在合理范围内。空间站结构因素中,电池阵暴露导体面积对接触器钳位过程影响较大,结构体暴露导体面积和结构体等效电容的影响可忽略。     

Command shaping for a flexible satellite platform controlled by advanced fly-wheels systems

In this paper we consider the coupling between the flexibility of a spacecraft equipped with variable speed control moment Gyros and its attitude control system, in the framework of command shaping techniques. The analysis is performed on the set of equation of motion written in an explicit form describing a flexible platform and N wheels gimballed to it. The attitude control system is designed upon a Lyapunov based feedback relying upon a rigid body model. Whenever the structure is not stiff enough, flexibility degrades the performances of the controller that fails to track the desired history. We therefore study the possibility of altering the tracking signal fed to the controller trying to get rid of the relevant frequencies notch filtering them in order to reduce vibrations. The results obtained for a test case attitude acquisition maneuver are presented and the benefit deriving from the command shaping technique evaluated and discussed.     

柔性多体卫星自抗扰控制系统的研究

设计了一种新型的姿态控制器一姿态自抗扰控制器。采用简化了的刚体动力学模型，即把柔性太阳帆板与柔性天线等的振动都看作外干扰，对象的不确定性、未建模动态与外干扰的总量都由自抗扰控制器估计出，再用该估计总量实现动态反馈补偿。该姿态控制器，只需控制输入转换矩阵的估计值，无需精确的卫星动力学模型。改变星体转动惯量或设置干扰力矩情况下的数学仿真表明，所设计的自抗扰控制器具有较小的稳态误差、较快的动态响应及对干扰有较强的抑制能力。     

大型空间电站在轨展开与组装动力学与控制

针对大型空间电站在轨展开与组装过程中复杂的动力学环境,将桁架类大型空间电站视为一个刚柔多体系统,采用自然坐标法对刚性构件建模,基于绝对节点坐标方法描述柔性桁架结构,编写了一套动力学仿真软件,实现了大型空间电站在轨展开与组装动力学的精确仿真.仿真结果表明,采用摆线运动插值函数作为控制方程有利于提高多级展开过程的稳定性;在...     

Deployable space manipulator commanded by means of visual-based guidance and navigation

On orbit maneuvering of flexible space manipulators requires a special caution. In fact the task of reaching the desired configuration, and at the same time safely preserving the structure integrity and not perturbing the overall spacecraft attitude, is complicated by the extreme flexibility of the structure itself. For studying this problem, an experimental test bed is designed and realized at the Guidance and Navigation Laboratory at La Sapienza, University of Rome. In this paper, visual based techniques are considered as a valid option for the dual purpose of evaluating the control signals and monitoring the flexible behavior of the controlled structure. In fact the joint motors are controlled in order to reach a desired target taking the image of the target as acquired by a mobile camera mounted on the end effector of the manipulator, into account. The Image Based Visual Servoing is introduced together with the simple adaptive algorithm used for processing the acquired images. With respect to a more traditional terrestrial visual servoing, a control system based on a moving camera (a typical configuration in space applications) is particularly sensitive to the flexible vibrations of the arm links. In fact in the closed loop control scheme, an oscillating movement of the camera influences the image processing, which in turn influences control actions. Instability could arise if the flexible dynamics is not separated from the rigid motion. This paper shows that it is possible to evaluate the elastic properties of the complex multibody manipulator (flexibility of the link, elastic behavior of the joints, effects of nonstructural masses) thanks to the analysis of the image acquired.