民用客机缝翼气动噪声数值模拟研究

空中应急离机系统是飞行试验过程中保证试飞机组人员安全的重要措施。对国外一些试飞飞机的空中应急离机系统进行介绍,并对空中应急离机系统的总体设计原则、组成、功能、设计理念及多种子系统设计方案进行研究及分析。     

空天飞行器整体式救生座舱的稳定减速与分离特性数值模拟

整体式密闭救生座舱方案将座椅与驾驶舱进行整体设计，弹射后具有独立的气动型面，在包含亚声速、跨声速、超声速甚至高超声速等非常宽广的速度范围可以更好地保护飞行员免受高速气流的吹袭，是空天飞行器救生系统设计的重要途径之一。针对整体式救生座舱，首先开展基本静态气动性能数值模拟评估；之后采用一种刚性减速伞增稳方案（整体式座舱+减速伞）对其稳定性和减速效率进行改进；最后采用动态重叠网格方法，对整体式座舱+减速伞构型的近机弹射轨迹特性开展动态数值模拟计算，从而获得该构型在抛投过程中的稳定性和安全性。研究结果表明，单独整体式救生座舱难以具备静稳定性；减速伞方案可大幅改善座舱的稳定性能，使座舱在Ma=0.3~4.0范围内均具有静、动态稳定性，并呈现亚声速时随马赫数升高而增强、超声速时随马赫数升高而减弱的变化规律，且高马赫数（Ma=4.0）工况可通过降低飞行高度以增加动压的方式进一步提升座舱的动稳定性；在宽速域范围内，整体式座舱+减速伞构型经过弹射力和火箭推力的辅助作用，能够实现与机体的安全分离，并且分离后其俯仰振荡姿态均具有收敛特性。     

定常幅值小推力登月飞行器轨道研究

 进行了基于平面三体模型的登月飞行器轨道控制方法的研究;研究了从近地低轨道到近月低轨道的飞行轨道;给出了在地球逃逸段、惯性漂移段和月球捕获段的运动轨迹和关键点的参数。提出使用“远地点可达”概念完成了地球逃逸段发动机推力终点的选择和使用飞行器相对月心能量完成了在月球捕获段止推发动机工作初始点的选择。     

RELATIONSHIPS FOR MOTION DESCRIBED IN ANY TWO ROTATIONAL REFERENCE FRAMES

In this paper the definitions of the relative derivatives of a vector with respect to time in any reference frame by using the notation of vectrix are proposed. It is further shown that with the help of vectrix one can treat the relative derivatives more clearly and more rigorously when multiple reference frames are concerned. Very useful relationships between the first order relative derivatives described in any two reference frames are derived. Relationships for the second order relative derivatives are also presented in detail. A new concept called "rotation induced acceleration" which is caused by the rotation of two reference frames when motion is necessarily described in them is presented. The result obtained in this paper is the generalization of the acceleration theorem given in conventional theoretical mechanics.     

一种负升力超高声速临近空间突击飞行概念

提出一种飞行高度70 km以上的超高速临近空间飞行概念,旨在通过火箭发动机克服大气阻力作用,通过负升力达到"增加"地球引力常数的等效效果,实现高于地球环绕速度的突击飞行,具有速度快、航程远的特点.分析了等高度巡航过程的受力情况,对气动参数选取、能量需求等问题进行了分析,给出了这类飞行器可能运行的空间区域.分析表明,该飞行方式可以实现在40 min内全球到达.     

基于空间算子代数的航天器多体动力学递推实时仿真算法

进一步发展了空间算子代数符号体系,给出了一组坐标系无关空间矢量,张量和矢阵符号表示和相应的坐标投影规则.基于空间算子代数符号体系,推导了适用于航天器实时仿真的无根、树状拓扑、开环多体动力学递推算法,并根据投影规则给出了递推算法在惯性坐标系的投影方程.新的空间算子代数符号体系有符号定义严格,推导过程力学概念清晰,推导结果易于实时仿真程序实现的优点.推导的递推算法非常适合于正逆混合问题和变拓扑问题的求解,可以满足多体航天器动力学实时仿真的要求.     

光电效应的量子解释

爱因斯坦光电效应方程可以完满地解释光电效应的实验规律。方程所描写的是光子与金属中的自由电子相互作用的一个量子过程，光子与电子的作用，不可能把能量全部交给电子，只有受金属束缚的电子，才可以全部吸收一个光子的能量。把金属中的自由电子先当作为真空中的完全自由电子来处理，再设它完全吸收一个光子，这种设想是不正确的。它不能用经典的力学过程来类比而分解为两个独立的过程。有关光子与物质作用的量子理论，则应该用量子电动力学。     

Radar nomenclature

Like much of the equipment used by the armed forces, both civil and military radar systems may be allocated an identification resolved from a synonym, mnemonic, project name, number, application notation, or specialised nomenclature and sometimes may even be based upon the whims of an intelligence reporting service. Of these, mnemonics are very popular; whilst of designation systems used by the US armed forces is probably best known, whilst the Russian system is least understood. Other well-known identification systems and schemes are those employed in Sweden, France, and the UK and are amplified in this article.     

Steady-State Noise Reduction Factors for the Exponential Filter

A technique is presented using state notation for deriving the steady-state noise reduction factors for an exponential filter. The technique is carried through to derive those factors for the third-order exponential filter.     

Depth of Field for SAR with Aircraft Acceleration

Processing synthetic array radar (SAR) data is difficult if the depth of field is small. Aircraft acceleration can severely reduce the depth of field and thereby increase the processing. The effects of aircraft acceleration on the depth of field for three types of SAR processing are analyzed: (1) conventional processing (range-Dopper processing), (2) variable pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) (PRF changes to compensate for aircraft acceleration), and (3) polar format. Polar format is a technique for processing high resolution SAR which has a much larger depth of field in the ground plane than conventional processing. On the other hand, aircraft acceleration will limit the vertical depth of field for polar format to about the same value as for conventional processing. In addition, for polar format, the only component of aircraft acceleration that limits the vertical depth of field is the component normal to the slant plane containing the velocity and range vectors. Vector notation is used to graphically show the effects of aircraft acceleration. In addition to better insight, the vector notation gives equations for SAR compensation that do not depend on a specific coordinate system.     

顺序图的形式化方法描述

UML是一种可视化的图形语言,已成为面向对象方法中事实上的工业标准,得到了广泛应用.但是UML缺乏精确的语义描述,不便于使用工具对其进行分析和验证.形式化B方法基于严格的数学理论,按照抽象机的方式理解系统.为了使UML表达的语义更加明确,同时发挥形式化方法的优势,采用B方法对UML中的顺序图进行描述.     

基于微处理器的大数及其计算方法研究

主要研究了无需限位的不定长二进制浮点数及其计算方法。给出了基于原码的不定长二进制浮点数的表示方法,并以加法和移位等逻辑算法为基础,总结出了不定长二进制浮点数四则运算的通用计算方法并给出计算实例,从而实现超长二进制浮点数的计算。     

无网格方法中含参数指数权函数的研究

选择合适的权函数及相应的影响半径是无网格方法中很重要的问题,在引入数值紧支域概念的基础上分析了含参数的指数权函数中参数的选取范围,综合考虑计算效率和精度后给出了参数的选取原则,并讨论了在特定的参数下的最优半径以及不同参数对最优半径的影响.     

采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪研究CSCD

对采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪进行了理论研究,采用角动量理论首次推导了双模压缩态输入的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的相位检测灵敏度,并证明了当光子数足够大时,可以达到海森堡极限。针对采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的二阶符合计数探测方案远未达到海森堡极限的情况,通过考察光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪各输出态的二阶符合计数对总的二阶相关光强的贡献,发现二阶符合计数探测方案存在量子增强信息的抵消,也即其中一个接收端光子数为偶数的输出态和光子数为奇数的输出态的二阶符合计数形成互补的倍频干涉条纹,进而相互抵消。因此,需要优化探测方案,提取完整的量子增强信息,才能实现海森堡极限的相位检测灵敏度。     

Viscous fluid flow in an elastic pipeline

Basic equations of hydrodynamics in an elastic pipeline that are found using the vectorial notation of Newton’s law for a viscous fluid are presented. An analog of Poiseuille’s formula for the fluid flowrate in the elastic pipeline and the results of the comparative analysis of a viscous flow in elastic and rigid pipelines are given. It is shown that the ratio of the maximal fluid velocity in the pipeline cross section and the section-average velocity is similar for elastic and rigid pipelines.     

基于弹道逃逸和小推力捕获的地月转移轨道设计

针对地月空间货运任务和环月轨道空间设施建设任务,提出一种弹道逃逸和小推力捕获相结合的新型地月轨道转移模式,并建立了一整套该类型轨道设计方法。首先,在三体模型假设下分别建立地心弹道逃逸轨道和月心小推力捕获轨道的二维极坐标动力学模型。对于弹道逃逸轨道,将地心旋转系对准角和地月转移加速速度增量作为控制变量,提出初值估计解析公式,并应用序列二次规划算法进行快速求解。对于小推力捕获轨道,以月心距为参考量设置与弹道逃逸轨道的拼接点约束,提出能量匹配方法预估飞行时间,采用最优螺旋轨道的初始伴随状态解析式预估近月点伴随变量初值。基于混合法和轨道逆推思想,采用人工免疫算法进行小推力捕获轨道求解。仿真结果表明,基于弹道逃逸和小推力捕获的地月轨道转移方式大幅降低了近月制动燃料消耗,能快速穿越地球辐射带,且飞行时间适中;同时,提出的轨道设计方法能快速搜索到基于弹道逃逸和小推力捕获的地月转移轨道,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Ion Energization and Escape on Mars and Venus

Mars and Venus do not have a global magnetic field and as a result solar wind interacts directly with their ionospheres and upper atmospheres. Neutral atoms ionized by solar UV, charge exchange and electron impact, are extracted and scavenged by solar wind providing a significant loss of planetary volatiles. There are different channels and routes through which the ionized planetary matter escapes from the planets. Processes of ion energization driven by direct solar wind forcing and their escape are intimately related. Forces responsible for ion energization in different channels are different and, correspondingly, the effectiveness of escape is also different. Classification of the energization processes and escape channels on Mars and Venus and also their variability with solar wind parameters is the main topic of our review. We will distinguish between classical pickup and ??mass-loaded?? pickup processes, energization in boundary layer and plasma sheet, polar winds on unmagnetized planets with magnetized ionospheres and enhanced escape flows from localized auroral regions in the regions filled by strong crustal magnetic fields.     

阻拦索断裂对螺旋桨舰载机着舰安全影响数值分析

喷气动力舰载机着舰拦阻滑跑，如阻拦索断裂，其逃逸复飞的概率极小。螺旋桨动力舰载机零升阻力大，推重比小，其安全复飞的能力值得研究。本文基于建立的螺旋桨舰载机逃逸复飞仿真模型（含阻拦索工作模型、发动机动力响应模型、升降舵操纵模型与气动力的动力影响修正模型），数值模拟了E-2C舰载预警机着舰阻拦索断裂情况下，其逃逸复飞的过程。仿真计算显示对象飞机在不同气动力、离舰速度与舵面操纵逻辑状态下，其纵向动力学方程中敏感参数与航迹下沉量的动态变化，结合视频数据分析其复飞成功的原因。研究表明：动力对螺旋桨舰载机俯仰力矩与升力特性的影响是其逃逸复飞成功的关键。动力影响使对象飞机的俯仰力矩曲线上移0.15，8°迎角下纵向静稳定性减小85%，升力线斜率增大29.7%、最大升力系数增大39%。这显著改善了螺旋桨飞机逃逸复飞状态下俯仰操纵的敏捷性，升降舵操纵效率与失速特性。动力影响使螺旋桨舰载机可在较小的加速度、离舰速度与有限的留空时间情况下，迅速改变其航迹角，减小航迹下沉量，保证逃逸复飞安全。     

弹射救生数值仿真及不利姿态下救生性能分析

 国内弹射座椅救生性能预测分析主要依赖地面弹射试验。由于国内相关试验设备的缺乏,不利姿态下弹射座椅的救生性能很难通过试验获得,因此国内不利姿态下弹射座椅救生性能的分析研究比较薄弱。采用数值仿真的方法对弹射座椅的救生性能进行预测和分析,针对弹射座椅弹射过程的4个阶段分别建立了数学模型,其中自由飞阶段采用四元数法代替欧拉速率方程,以解决传统的六自由度方程出现的奇异性问题。采用四阶龙格-库塔法对数学模型进行求解,计算结果与地面弹射试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,对某新型弹射座椅的弹射姿态轨迹进行计算,分析研究了弹射座椅在不利姿态下的救生性能,得到不利姿态下弹射座椅救生性能不佳的主要原因是座椅高速稳定性差以及飞机向下的牵连速度和飞机滚转角的影响,并根据分析结果提出了改善弹射座椅不利姿态下救生性能的基本方法。     

A new algorithm for the formation of ISAR images

A new technique for implementing the enhanced image processing (EIP) algorithm for the formation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. The EIP algorithm is required when, during the formation of an image, scattering centers on a target move out of range and/or Doppler resolution cells. This phenomenon is common for high resolution imagery of practical-sized targets. The method presented is based entirely on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and therefore does not require the interpolation schemes that are prevalent in the standard EIP implementation. A brief review of the theory of radar imaging is presented to establish the notation for the work. Following the presentation of the new algorithm, a simple example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. In addition work is presented that demonstrates the processing required to reduce the sidelobes in imagery generated by the EIP technique