相参雷达典型干扰信号产生及关键技术

介绍了一种基于DRFM的相参雷达典型干扰样式信号产生方法,并对其关键技术进行了研究。该干扰信号能够携带雷达发射信号的相位等细微特征信息,可以用于在实验室条件下对相参雷达进行抗干扰性能测试。     

Adjacent Channel Interference in a Binary Bandpass Communication System

The effect of adjacent channel interference on the probability of error in a binary bandpass communication system with an integrating and dumping detector is investigated. Narrowband filters are assumed in the receiver of the main signal and transmitters of both main and interfering signals. Plots of the probability of error as a function of signal to noise ratio in the main channel or as a function of carrier frequency difference between the main and interfering signals are presented, assuming that the filters are of the Butterworth type. These figures are helpful in the selection of minimal frequency spacing of adjacent channels.     

阵列宽带Lamb波在结构损伤检测中的应用

阵列信号处理中的空间谱估计可以对信号源进行辨别和定位,于是通过采集在结构上布置的阵列传感器Lamb波信号用来检测损伤发生的位置。通常,大多数空间谱估计方法均以窄带信号为假定,在很多基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中,为了减小频散特性的影响,大多数研究以Lamb波为窄带信号进行分析,但无限窄的激励信号是物理不可实现的。因此,其在多数情况下Lamb波信号并不符合窄带信号假定,更应被认为是一种宽带信号来进行处理。进而利用空间谱估计中宽带信号非相干子空间处理方法（Incoherent Signal Subspace Method,ISM）中阵列接收的宽带Lamb波信号进行处理,检测出结构发生单一损伤时的损伤位置。随后,当结构损伤与边界反射波有叠加时会引起损伤信号相干,采用宽带信号相干子空间方法（Coherent Signal Subspace Method,CSM）对损伤位置进行检测,得到了较好的结果。     

On the Optimum Design of PCM Signals with System Constraints

This paper considers the design of PCM signals with system constraints using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The transmitter signal as well as the correlation signal are determined while maximizing the output signal-to-noise ratio. Both the single and three-pole transmitter filters are considered. An upper bound has been obtained on the performance of PCM signals with constraints.     

Rapid convergence by cascading Applebaum adaptive arrays

An adaptive array architecture is described which has improved convergence speed over the conventional Applebaum array when the eigenvalue spread of the input signal covariance matrix is large. The architecture uses N+1 Applebaum adaptive arrays in a two-layer cascaded configuration. The gain constants in the first layer are set so that large interfering sources are quickly nulled, but small interfering sources are suppressed more slowly. Since the first layer removes the large interfering signals, the gain constant for the second layer can be set to a large value to quickly null the smaller interferers. The adaptation time is examined for several combinations of signal levels and array sizes. It is shown that, in many signal environments, the computational requirements for the cascaded array compare favorably with those of conventional sample matrix inversion (SMI) methods for large arrays     

A CFAR adaptive matched filter detector

An adaptive algorithm for radar target detection using an antenna array is proposed. The detector is derived in a manner similar to that of the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) but contains a simplified test statistic that is a limiting case of the GLRT detector. This simplified detector is analyzed for performance to signals on boresight, as well as when the signal direction is misaligned with the look direction     

齿轮故障诊断中的单齿分析技术

齿轮故障诊断通常先对振动信号进行时域同步平均降噪处理,进而利用频谱分析或包络分析等方法,得出故障特征信息。本文在此基础上提出了单齿分析技术。它将振动平均信号等距分段(所分段数与被监测齿轮齿数相等),然后对分段信号进行频谱分析等。比较各段信号的异同以揭示故障齿的确切位置。该方法对齿轮的表面局部损伤故障的早期诊断和断齿故障早期诊断十分有效,可以准确地辨别出有故障齿的位置,为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种有效手段。      

非电传民机纵向气动参数辨识激励信号研究

针对非电传民机气动参数辨识时,须通过设计激励信号激发出与待辨识参数相关的飞机运动模态才能得到准确的气动参数的特点,开展了适用于非电传民机纵向气动参数辨识的激励信号设计方法研究。基于信号能量分布和幅频响应分析的信号设计方法,对激励信号进行参数设计;综合辨识效果和驾驶员的易操纵性,建议选取经参数设计后的单周期正弦信号作为非电传民机的纵向激励信号。试飞验证结果表明,所提方法能够较好地激发出飞机运动模态,使试飞数据具有较高的气动参数可辨识性。     

多干扰机InSAR欺骗干扰方法

单航过的干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）有很强的抗干扰能力,单部干扰机所发射干扰信号的干涉相位在不同快时间是完全相同的,不同慢时间也近似相等,不能产生具有高程信息的干扰图像。基于此,提出了一种利用双（多）干扰机产生InSAR三维图像欺骗干扰的方法,分析了InSAR的成像机理,给出了假目标模板设置方法,讨论了聚焦后复图像和干涉相位要求的干扰信号调制参数以及干涉相位的估计方法。产生的干扰信号在雷达接收机中可独立实现SAR二维像干扰,经干涉后能生成虚假高程信息,理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法能实现对SAR二维成像和InSAR三维成像的有效干扰。     

Asymptotic Performance of Sparse Signal Detection Using Convex Programming Method

The detection of sparse signals against background noise is considered. Detecting signals of such kind is difficult since only a small portion of the signal carries information. Prior knowledge is usually assumed to ease detection. In this paper, we consider the general unknown and arbitrary sparse signal detection problem when no prior knowledge is available. Under a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis-testing framework, a new detection scheme is proposed by combining a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-like test statistic and convex programming methods which directly exploit sparsity in an underdetermined system of linear equations. We characterize large sample behavior of the proposed method by analyzing its asymptotic performance. Specifically, we give the condition for the Chernoff-consistent detection which shows that the proposed method is very sensitive to the 2 norm energy of the sparse signals. Both the false alarm rate and the miss rate tend to zero at vanishing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as long as the signal energy grows at least logarithmically with the problem dimension. Next we give a large deviation analysis to characterize the error exponent for the Neyman-Pearson detection. We derive the oracle error exponent assuming signal knowledge. Then we explicitly derive the error exponent of the proposed scheme and compare it with the oracle exponent. We complement our study with numerical experiments, showing that the proposed method performs in the vicinity of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) method in the finite sample scenario and the error probability degrades exponentially with the number of observations.     

Optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing

During flight, aircraft avionics transmit and receive RF signals to/from antennas over coaxial cables. As the density and complexity of onboard avionics increases, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment degrades proportionately, leading to decreasing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and potential safety concerns. The coaxial cables are inherently lossy, limiting the RF signal bandwidth while adding considerable weight. To overcome these limitations, we have investigated a fiber optic communications link for aircraft that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals (including RF) over a single optical fiber. Optical fiber has many advantages over coaxial cable, particularly lower loss, greater bandwidth, and immunity to EMI. In this paper, we demonstrate that WDM can be successfully used to transmit multiple RF signals over a single optical fiber with no appreciable signal degradation. We investigate the transmission of FM and AM analog modulated signals, as well as FSK digital modulated signals, over a fiber optic link (FOL) employing WDM. We present measurements of power loss, delay, SNR, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), and bit error rate (BER). Our experimental results indicate that WDM is a fiber optic technology suitable for avionics applications.     

VXI or PXI test system improvement using DSP

The results of a study into the use of distributed digital signal processing (DSP) at the instrument level in a VXI and PXI based test system and the effects on test time. One of the limiting factors in testing mixed signal or analog devices using standard bus based instruments is the transfer speed from the instrument to the controlling computer of large amounts of waveform data. This is important as these types of tests use non-deterministic, quantized signals that must be mathematically processed to extract test information. This processing can either be done at the instrument or at the central controller. If the processing is done at the instrument then only the results are transferred to the controller. If the controller does the processing then the raw data must be transferred to and from the instrument. Using two instruments, one in VXI and one in PXI, this paper measures the effects of typical tests contesting the measurements as done in the central processor as opposed to a distributed DSP processor in each instrument For each acquisition instrument, tests were implemented by capturing the data and moving it to the controlling computer where it was processed to extract test results, or by using the instruments on-board DSP so only the final test results were set to the controlling computer. The study results show that a significant improvement in test time can be made by selecting "smart" instruments for the test system when using PXI or VXI based instruments.     

Advantageous Properties of Frequency Division

The performance of a wideband frequency divider with two independent sinusoidal input signals present is analyzed. Both the case of a relative low-level spurious signal and the case of a relative high-level spurious signal are considered. It is ascertained that a considerable reduction of the spurious signal is achieved and the exact nature of the improvement is dependent on the relative strength of the spurious signal.     

基于小波分析的航空发动机旋转失速检测方法

对试车检测到的压气机旋转失速压力数据,进行了小波降噪处理,并对处理后的数据进行多分辨分析,利用dN层小波系数重构相关频带内的压力信号分量,当重构信号某处的幅值超过给定阀值时,认为检测到了失速。研究结果表明,小波分解能有效地区分信号中的突变部分和噪声,达到降噪的目的;对不同采样频率的压力数据进行分析,给出了相应的阀值,对dN层重构信号进行监测,能有效检测到旋转失速的发生。      

Performance of a Modified Applebaum Adaptive Array

The performance of a modified Applebaum adaptive array is studied. The new array is obtained by removing the desired signal component from the output signal fed back to the correlator of an Applebaum type adaptive array. Various signal scenarios, including single desired signals or multiple simultaneous desired signals are examined. The new array is less sensitive to beam pointing errors and does not cause power inversion of desired signals. In the case of multiple simultaneous desired signals, the new array does not degrade the SNRs of strong desired signals.     

Narrowband interference suppression in impulsive channels

Suppression algorithms are developed first for a channel containing only impulsive background noise and then for a channel containing a spread-spectrum signal as well. These algorithms are based on nonlinear filters that produce predictions of the interfering signals that are then subtracted from the received signal to suppress the interference. Several such filters, including both fixed and adaptive ones, are proposed and compared using extensive computer simulations. The independence of the filtering procedures from the noise distribution shape, given constant second-order statistics, is shown     

Interference Effects of Pseudo-Random Frequency-Hopping Signals

When a pseudo-random frequency-hopping signal is intercepted by a conventional receiver operating within the same frequency band, the interfering signal has the form of a pulse-amplitude modulated signal. Each pulse amplitude is dependent upon the hopping frequency and the selectivity characteristic of the victim receiver. The probability density function for the interfering pulse amplitude prior to demodulation is determined when the probability density function for the hopping frequency is uniform and the victim-receiver characteristic is 1) ideal flat bandpass, 2) single tuned, and 3) Gaussian shaped. It is shown that the average interfering pulse amplitude and interference power decrease as the frequency-hopping bandwidth increases with respect to the victim-receiver bandwidth. Fast Fourier transform computer techniques are used to obtain the probability density function of the interference amplitude in a Gaussian receiver when several (from 2 to 10) pseudo-random frequency-hopping systems are simultaneously using the same frequency band. The probability that the interference exceeds a prescribed threshold value is computed from the derived probability density functions. This probability may be used in signal-to-interference ratio calculations, to describe the capture effect, or to compute the expected number of clicks produced in an FM discriminator.     

Error Probability in Binary Digital Communication in the Presence of an Interfering Signal

The presence of an interferring signal i(t) in a binary coherent symmetric channel is investigated. The probability of error is maximum when i(t) is antipodal to the transmitted signal, so(t) or s1 (t). The error probability is derived in the presence of a delayed interfering signal - so (t - r), where r is the time delay. An example of phase shift keying signals is given.     

The Effects of Gaussian Interference on Communication Systemswith Adaptive Arrays

The performance of a bandlimited binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) communication system is examined when the received BPSK signal is corrupted by both thermal noise and a directional Gaussian noise interfering signal. The system uses an LMS adaptive array to suppress this interference. The effects of signal power levels, arrival angles, bandwidths, and the array bandwidth are examined. The performance of a system that uses tapped delay lines for the array weights is also examined. It is shown that the performance of a system with tapped delay lines is not affected by the interference bandwidth for a single interferer.     

多动态参数同步测试系统构建及其应用

压气机试验过程中虽经常需要进行气动、振动、噪声等多种动态信号的测试与分析,但多是孤立进行的,信号的同步测试和统一分析面临困难。因此对一些多物理场耦合现象研究缺乏手段,不能完成细致的描述。本文主要针对这一问题,提出了一种可直接用于工程的多场动态信号统一同步测试分析方案。首先简要描述了动态测试技术在压气机气动非定常现象导致的气动、结构失稳研究方面所起到的作用,说明了针对压气机非定常现象进行多物理场动态信号同步测试分析技术研究的必要性。其次完成了多物理场动态信号同步测试分析方案设计,解决了时间同步、相位修正和同步测试分析等关键问题。最后将其应用于某航空发动机压气机的非定常故障机理研究方面,取得了较好的应用效果,充分展现了该动态测试平台在压气机非定常现象研究方面的广阔应用前景。