弹体自旋条件下姿控发动机控制律设计

针对大气层内带有横向喷流姿控发动机和尾部气动舵的导弹,研究了弹体自旋条件下的姿态控制问题。以导弹的横向加速度为输出,建立了姿态系统数学模型,并对模型进行了分析和简化。考虑了双通道控制和单通道矢量控制两种控制方式,针对姿控发动机的离散工作特点,分别研究了控制律设计问题,实现了横向加速度的快速跟踪。针对喷流干扰效应,给出了喷流放大因子的在线估计算法。最后,进行了数值仿真,仿真结果说明了所提方法的有效性。     

A method for determining velocities and accelerations of an elastic main rotor blade element

A refined method is presented for calculating velocities and accelerations of an elastic blade element of a rotorcraft rotor in the general case of its motion with linear and angular velocities and accelerations. The method can be used when calculating aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of main and tail rotors for a wide range of problems in aeromechanics.     

三维空间中目标机动加速度的估值问题

建立了描述目标在三维空间中进行切向与法向机动的非线性状态模型。目标切向与法向机动加速度的幅值表示为修正的瑞利-马尔可夫随机过程;法向加速度的方向角则假定在2π区间内具有均匀的概率密度。在仅有含噪声位置观察数据的情况下,发展了一种推广的卡尔曼滤波和自适应算法,并由此获得一种机动目标切向与法向加速度估值的直接方法。提供了某些计算结果以证实方法的有效性。     

Detection of Target Maneuver Onset

A classical maneuvering target tracking (MTT) problem (detection of the onset of a target maneuver) is presented in two parts. The first part reviews most traditional maneuver onset detectors and presents results from a comprehensive simulation study and comparison of their performance. Six algorithms for maneuver onset detection are examined: measurement residual chi-square, input estimate chi-square, input estimate significance test, generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), cumulative sum, and marginalized likelihood ratio (MLR) detectors. The second part proposes two novel maneuver onset detectors based on sequential statistical tests. Cumulative sums (CUSUM) type and Shiryayev sequential probability ratio (SSPRT) maneuver onset detectors are developed by using a likelihood marginalization technique to cope with the difficulty that the target maneuver accelerations are unknown. The proposed technique gives explicit solutions for Gaussian-mixture prior distributions, and can be applied to arbitrary prior distributions through Gaussian-mixture approximations. The approach essentially utilizes a~priori information about the maneuver accelerations in typical tracking engagements and thus allows to improve detection performance as compared with traditional maneuver detectors. Simulation results demonstrating the improved capabilities of the proposed onset maneuver detectors are presented.     

副翼配重的着陆冲击响应

提供了一个计算副翼配重着陆冲击响应的方法。由于主起落架为纯摇臂式,考虑机体的弹性,机体和主起落架运动联立求解的加速度不是显式,因此必须用高斯方法解加速度的线性方程组,再用吉尔方法解微分方程。     

Dynamics and autopilot design for endoatmospheric interceptors with dual control systems

The nonlinear system model of an endoatmospheric missile whose attitude is controlled by tail fins and reaction jets is presented. By choosing the divert accelerations and rotational rates as output variables, the internal dynamics of the nonlinear system are derived and are proved to be bounded under a bounded input. The blending principle of the reaction jets and tail fins is addressed to ensure that the normal acceleration is principally maintained by angle-of-attack or sideslip angle. An autopilot is designed by using the feedback linearization technique. Results of a numerical simulation of an autopilot design example show the effectiveness of the proposed blending principle and the autopilot design.     

弹性飞机在不平的跑道上起飞和着陆的数字模拟

本文研究了用Kane方程来建立包括起落架机构的弹性飞机系统动力方程的方法。给出了跑道表面的两种计算模型。然后,讨论了弹性飞机在起飞和着陆过程中的姿态、速度、加速度和动载荷的数字模拟方法,计及起落架诸大构件的惯性力和惯性力矩对飞机系统运动的影响。作为一个简单的例子,本文模拟了KC-135飞机的对称起飞和着陆。     

有约束的航空发动机加速最优控制

本文研究了采用非线性最优化程序解航空发动机加速最优控制问题的方法。非线性最优化程序采用的约束变尺度法,发动机采用非线性模型。论文论述了目前发动机加速优化问题研究的一般情况;应用非线性最优化程序,采用非线性发动机模型解最优加速控制问题的基本方法;优化方法的选择问题;发动机模型的建立过程;应用约束变尺度法解最优加速控制问題的几个技术问题:对一些典型的计算结果进行了分析;最后提出了需进一步研究的几个问题。     

空-空导弹微分对策最佳导引律的研究

本文研究空-空导弹微分对策最佳导引问题中目标加速度及导弹加速度对制导精度的影响。根据推得的三类制导律讨论了指标中权系数的选择原则,并给出了剩余飞行时间（time-to-go）的两种估计方案。仿真结果表明:导弹侧向加速度作为制导信号对导引精度有十分明显的提高,如果目标加速度不大,在制导过程中引入目标加速度则效果不显著。     

铝合金振动疲劳同步测量技术研究

随着振动试验技术的不断进步,振动疲劳试验拥有了良好的试验基础,能够进行各种环境下的振动疲劳模拟试验,但目前振动疲劳的测量方法还无法满足振动疲劳试验深入研究的需求。提出铝合金振动疲劳同步测量的方法,同时采用红外监测技术、声发射技术、显微测试技术、应变测试技术等对不同加速度下的铝合金振动疲劳试样进行测量,研究各种测量参数随损伤的变化情况。结果表明:铝合金振动疲劳不同阶段应主要考虑不同的测量参数作为判断损伤的依据,声发射信号可以很好检测到铝合金振动疲劳的裂纹萌生和扩展寿命,红外测得的温升值随着加速度增大是非线性的,铝合金振动疲劳寿命依赖于结构振动频率、阻尼等参数。     

Improved tracking of maneuvering targets: The use of turn-ratedistributions for acceleration modeling

Tactically maneuvering targets are difficult to track since acceleration cannot be observed directly and the accelerations are induced by human control or an autonomous guidance system therefore they are not subject to deterministic models. A common tracking system is the two-state Kalman filter with a Singer maneuver model where the second-order statistics of acceleration is the same as a first-order Markov process. The Singer model assumes a uniform probability distribution on the targets acceleration which is independent of the x and y direction. In practice, it is expected that targets have constant forward speed and an acceleration vector normal to the velocity vector, a condition not present in the Singer model. The work of Singer is extended by presenting a maneuver model which assumes constant forward speed and a probability distribution on the targets turn-rate. Details of the model are presented along with sample simulation results     

机动多目标跟踪问题中关联区域的研究

 本文研究了跟踪多个机动目标时,由滤波算法所获得的新息向量范数的统计性质,关联区域的大小以及接收正确回波的概率。借助拉蒙特卡洛方法,考察了不同的目标状态模型、目标机动加速度及状态噪声方差等因素对所研究的问题的影响。研究表明,文献[1]所提出的机动目标状态模型及相应的自适应算法具有较好的适应目标机动的能力,关联区域的大小及接收正确回波的概率均较为稳定。     

超声速变马赫数风洞流场参数线性变化验证

旋转喷管型面使超声速变马赫数风洞在单次运行过程中可连续调节实验区的马赫数,便于研究飞行器的机动过程、进气道起动过程中的气动问题。在控制喷管型面旋转过程中,流场参数能否线性变化是衡量超声速变马赫数风洞性能的一个重要指标。分析变马赫数风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化规律,利用弹簧光顺的动网格技术建立数值仿真模型,验证喷管位于马赫数3.041~3.215 范围所对应的位置时,实验区流场参数是否满足线性变化规律。结果表明：通过对喷管型面旋转的控制实现了风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化,动态计算结果与预期实验区流场参数线性变化规律吻合良好;在不同加速度的流场参数线性变化过程中,各时刻实验区的平均参数与预期参数之间的偏差均小于0.13%。     

一种非线性末制导系统模型的精确线性化

针对未来高机动目标的拦截 ,运用非线性系统几何理论中的精确线性化方法 ,设计了一种空空导弹非线性末制导系统加速度指令。假设目标做逃逸机动 ,弹体 -自动驾驶仪响应用一个二阶环节描述 ,建立了导弹目标三维相对运动方程。根据终端约束直接选取系统输出阵 ,经动态反馈线性化 ,将非线性系统模型转化为线性方程 ,求得了目标任意机动时的非线性末制导系统的加速度指令。以纵向平面为例进行了仿真计算 ,结果表明该方法是行之有效的 ,得到的解可以用来改进导弹大离轴发射角时的进攻能力。     

一种二维耦合模型机动目标跟踪算法

针对雷达跟踪固定翼飞机的单目标跟踪问题,提出了一种新的二维耦合运动模型。该方法把切向加速度和法向加速度作为状态变量,给出了切向加速度和法向加速度为常值时解析计算状态转移的方法。该模型可以较好地一步预测目标加速度的变化,而且法向和切向加速度的过程噪声可以分别设置。利用该耦合模型的滤波方法,显著地改善了滤波效果,尤其是对加速度的估计。     

基于SQP的航空发动机加速规律优化方法

提出了一种改善航空发动机加速性能的方法:采用SQP寻优方法对航空发动机进行加速过程的寻优控制仿真计算,获得以油/气压比为函数的优化加速燃油控制规律。选取工作包线内具有一定覆盖性的若干个状态点,进行加速过程寻优控制仿真。考虑到根据油/气压线开环进行加速控制易于导致涡轮后温度瞬态超调,提出了根据两类约束条件计算开环加速线,对所获得的两条优化的加速线进行融合,进而获得适用于全飞行包线范围内的加速燃油控制规律。仿真计算表明,所提出的加速燃油控制规律可以在兼顾涡轮后温度不超温和压气机喘振裕度的情况下,实现发动机加速时间最短的目标。     

涡破裂诱导的垂尾抖振数值模拟

 采用数值模拟方法研究了大后掠三角翼前缘涡破裂诱导的垂尾抖振问题,分析了大迎角条件下的垂尾抖振特性。采用Navier-Stokes方程求解非定常气动力、耦合结构动力学方程,建立了气动弹性方程,在时域内采用松耦合方式推进以得到垂尾结构响应。研究结果表明:涡破裂流的脉动频带覆盖了垂尾扭转模态的固有频率,诱发了垂尾抖振现象;与传统的颤振频域响应特性不同,垂尾抖振响应的各阶位移与加速度响应主频均位于各阶结构模态固有频率附近。此外,弯曲与扭转响应存在耦合效应,且耦合作用的频率与提取的垂尾表面气动载荷脉动频率一致。垂尾的位移响应由一阶弯曲模态主导,振幅不大;加速度响应主要由扭转模态产生,量级较大,使结构持续遭受严重的附加惯性载荷作用。     

A guidance law for UAV autonomous aerial refueling based on the iterative computation method

The rendezvous and formation problem is a significant part for the unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） autonomous aerial refueling（AAR） technique. It can be divided into two major phases： the long-range guidance phase and the formation phase. In this paper, an iterative computation guidance law（ICGL） is proposed to compute a series of state variables to get the solution of a control variable for a UAV conducting rendezvous with a tanker in AAR. The proposed method can make the control variable converge to zero when the tanker and the UAV receiver come to a formation flight eventually. For the long-range guidance phase, the ICGL divides it into two sub-phases： the correction sub-phase and the guidance sub-phase. The two sub-phases share the same iterative process. As for the formation phase, a velocity coordinate system is created by which control accelerations are designed to make the speed of the UAV consistent with that of the tanker.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICGL is effective and robust against wind disturbance.     

Strategies for in-orbit calibration of drag-free control systems

Drag-Free Satellites (DFS) are a class of scientific satellite missions designed for research on fundamental physics as well as geodesy. They consist, basically, of a small inner satellite (test mass) located in a cavity inside a larger satellite, the normal one. The Drag-Free Attitude Control System (DFACS) is the most complex technology on-board these satellites. This key technology allows the residual accelerations on experiments on board the satellites to be significantly reduced. In order to achieve this very low disturbance environment (for some missions <10⁻¹⁴ g) the drag-free control system has to be optimized. This optimization process is required because of uncertainties in system parameters that demand a robustness of the control system. This paper will present approaches for in-orbit calibration of drag-free control systems. The discussion includes modeling, with scale factors and cross couplings, possible excitation signals, comparison of different parameter identification/estimation methods as well as simulation results.