FEA OF RUBBER WITH NOVEL STRAIN ENERGY FUNCTIONS

This paper presents the results of finite element analysis of rubber structures based on novel strain energy functions stemming from the representation theorem of tensorial function. The stress tensor is represented by Taylor expansion, using the representation theorem of tensorial function of a single tensorial argument for all terms in each order of the expansion. The scalar-valued coefficient functions of the theorem are represented by the integrity bases of the strain tensor and material constants to be determined by experiment. The computer implementation of the new constitutive laws has been verified by comparing the FE results with analytical solutions. A complicated structure of rubber bearing was analyzed. The FE results show good correlation with experimental data.     

面向结构振动控制的压电作动器优化配置研究

 为了研究压电主动结构振动控制当中作动器的位置优化问题,从系统的状态空间方程出发,在系统可控性Gram矩阵特征值的基础上来描述性能指标,以输入的能量吸收率为优化目标函数,提出了一种新的位置优化配置准则。利用有限元分析(FEA)方法分析作动器的配置,并与遗传算法(GA)结合进行优化计算,计算过程中对作动器的位置采用二进制编码加以描述。通过对一压电简支板结构的仿真计算对该方法进行了验证,并与其他几种不同的配置方法进行对比,从而证明了新方法的优越性。     

STUDY ON GAIN-SCHEDULING PROBLEM IN FLIGHT CONTROL

Gain-scheduling has got its wide applications in modern flight control, in which control gains are scheduled with variables such as dynamic pressure and Mach number, to meet dynamic response requirements in different flight conditions. Classical gain-scheduling approaches may result in some problems, which can not guarantee global robustness and stability in transitions of different flight conditions. Gain-scheduling problem is systematically investigated from robustness point of view in the paper. Detailed procedures for gain-scheduled controller to achieve both robustness and stability performance are given and applied to a typical flight control system. For switching stability problems of different flight conditions in flight control systems, a new approach is proposed, in which different flight conditions are reduced into a parameter varying plant using interpolation firstly, and then parameter-varying controller design goes next. Though interpolation errors may exist, the robust parameter varying controller design can compensate for those uncertainties and errors, and finally achieve good performance of robustness and switching stability during transitions. Illustrative simulation at last shows satisfactory results.     

基于在线识别与全维状态观测技术的埋入压电片复合梁的振动主动控制研究

 介绍利用埋入复合材料梁的压电传感器和驱动器对其振动进行主动控制的实验研究及其结果。利用埋入的压电传感器和驱动器对其进行模型识别而得出结构的动力学模型, 再将该模型用于控制器的设计,其优点是当结构本身或者约束、环境等发生变化后, 可对结构的模型重新进行在线识别, 及时更新控制参数,避免控制失效, 而且不需要事先知道结构的其他属性。应用最优控制理论的全维状态观测器技术, 结合所选取的压电传感器和作动器识别的结构动力学模型, 可以设计出其最优控制器。实验表明, 传感器信号的频谱峰值最大可以被有效地降低20dB 左右。     

大后掠翼大迎角定常与非定常俯仰气动特性及其控制

 对装有“前端襟翼”和“前缘襟翼”的74°后掠三角翼, 在迎角0°～ 90°范围的定常和非定常 (俯仰振动, f = 0. 4, 0. 8, 1. 2Hz) 的空气动力特性以及襟翼的控制作用作了实验研究。定常流的实 验结果与解N 2S 方程的计算结果作了比较。非定常俯仰振动使气动特性的变化出现迟滞现象, 但 仍能保持襟翼对定常流控制所具有的优越性。不装襟翼的三角翼的部分校测结果与文献中相应数 据一致, 表明实验结果可信。     

电子阻尼的增进——局部激励应变的补偿

分析了以压电陶瓷片为作动和测量元件,构成速度负反馈的闭环控制的“电子阻尼技术”之所以不能大幅度增加结构阻尼的原因。提出了“局部激励应变补偿”和把通常的微分负反馈改为低截止频率的惯性环节正反馈的控制新方案。压电悬臂梁的实验表明,它们能使结构模态阻尼比大幅提高。     

PREDICTIVE VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEM

Nonlinear sliding mode predictive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear system with unmodeled dynamic characteristics and nonlinear term. The method is based on nonlinear optimal predictive control. The variable structure control law minimizes the quadratic index of a predictive sliding mode, which contains the cost function of control preventing the control effect from saturation for in most practical implementation the control inputs are bounded by physical constraints and energy constraints. According to the immeasurable states, the variable structure observer for nonlinear systems is adapted. The variable structure system method is apt to the realization of observer with variable parameters and uncertainty. The proof shows that the states of the observer asymptotically convergence to the real states of the system although it is of uncertainty and nonlinear terms. Finally, the digital simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

二维机翼影区爬行波RCS的研究

分析了机翼前后缘处于影区时的散射机理,建立了机翼爬行波雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）的计算模型。该模型反映出外形参数对ＲＣＳ的影响,便于工程计算。针对典型试件进行了理论计算和一维成像实验,结果吻合良好     

超精密机床减振分析

良好的减振措施是提高机床,特别是超精密机床加工精度的重要技术之一.本文以亚微米超精密车床为研究对象,论述了该机床从结构到材料选取上的减振特点,并重点进行了空气弹簧和空气静压轴承主轴减振分析,由理论分析和实验表明:减振措施合理,减振效果良好.     

Multi-level virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuation system for more electric aircraft

Electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safety-critical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design. Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model’s structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use (or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.     

STUDY OF FAST TRANSFER ALIGNMENT ON MOVING BASE

This paper holds that the key to improve the hitting rate of air-to-air missiles is to decrease the error of initial alignment of the inertial navigation system. Therefore, considering that the alignment should be completed within a specified short time, this paper presents the theory of transfer alignment and the computing way of accuracy in an air-to-air missile, where the platform inertial navigation system, or master INS, is adopted on aircraft, and the strap-down inertial navigation system, or slave INS, is used on missile. It emphasizes the idea of transfer alignment, that is, calibration of the slave INS is based on the master platform, and adopts a reasoning measure to deal with the installing-error-angle. And it is proved by simulation that the transfer alignment can be quickly achieved.     

考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布时作动/传感器配置优化

 针对结构振动控制问题，提出了一种考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布信息时作动/传感器的优化配置准则。在降维的模态坐标下建立状态空间形式的结构动力学方程，通过Lyapunov方程求解扰动和作动器的能控性Gramian矩阵，并利用矩阵奇异值分解获得扰动的能控性方向和作动器的能控性方向，通过同时最大化作动器对结构的作动能力以及作动器的能控性方向与扰动的能控性方向的一致性来确定作动器的最优位置。类似思想用于确定传感器的最优位置。以采用压电片为作动器的悬臂梁为例阐述了新准则的应用。     

RESEARCH OF THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE STARTER/GENERATOR SYSTEMS

This paper focuses on the simulation and test of the switched reluctance starter/generator systems. Through the emulational analysis of the initial starting torque, the optimal turn-on section of the power switches is discovered. The fundamental theory of the generating operation is analyzed with the linearity model, and a new method is presented based on voltage pulse width modulation for the generating mode control. Through the steady-state and optimized emulation of the output power and system efficiency, the optimizational control approach for the generating mode over a wide speed range is introduced. At last, the test of the 3KW prototype system shows that the dynamic and static performance of this system is fine.     

磁悬浮柔性转子系统变学习速率单神经元PID控制

磁悬浮轴承柔性转子系统的转速范围较大,固定的控制参数很难同时保证系统所需的低频和高频特性。本文在一般单神经元PID控制的基础上,将转速信号引入磁悬浮轴承数字控制器,在不同转速段选择不同的学习速率以调节控制参数得到合适的磁悬浮轴承的刚度和阻尼。试验结果表明,变学习速率单神经元自适应PID控制能够明显减小转子在各阶临界转速时的振幅,有助于磁悬浮轴承柔性转子系统的安全稳定运行。     

LC4铝合金厚板的塑性变形各向异性

 LC4铝合金厚板的塑性变形具有明显的各向异性。本文提出一种表示各向异性的方法及其随纵向应变和热处理状态的变化,并观察了断口形态。     

用Monte Carlo法分析固体火箭发动机推力终止过程内弹道散布

用辨识方法确定了带反喷固体火箭发动机推力终止过程中的瞬变参数，视这些参数是服从正态分布的随机变量，用Ｍｏｎｔｅ ｃａｒｌｏ方法分析了推力终止过程内弹道的散布。结果显示，推力终止过程中不同时刻压力散布服从正态分布，据此求出了弹道散布的数字特征和分布函数，研究结果对带反喷管的固体火箭发动机设计有参考价值。     

Attitude stabilization with actuators subject to switching restrictions: an approach via exact relay control methods

On-off thrusters are frequently used as actuators for attitude control. Typically these thrusters are subject to switching constraints. A limit cycle is the normal steady state operation mode of such attitude control systems. This contribution deals with controller design for precision attitude stabilization using actuators whose switching restrictions are explicitly considered. An exact approach is presented using ideas from established relay control methods. The design procedure is illustrated with an attitude controller design to attain a limit cycle with prescribed characteristics     

一次预过载对铝合金喷丸前后缺口疲劳强度的影响

预过载拉伸可提高铝合金缺口疲劳寿命,但效果不及喷丸;过载量太大还使寿寿命趋于子下降。预过载压缩降低缺口疲劳寿命;喷丸后经过载压缩,寿命降低幅度更大,均与缺口残余应力及亚结构变化有关。     

压电作动器用于振动主动控制技术的研究

 从理论和实验两方面分析了利用压电作动器进行柔性结构振动主动控制的机理，从能量的角度对施加控制时悬臂梁自由衰减振动的阻尼比进行了理论计算，得出了主动阻尼比与反馈增益之间的关系。建立相应的实验系统，对上述关系式进行了实验验证。     

NONLINEAR FILTERING ALGORITHM FOR INS INITIAL ALIGNMENT

The initial alignment error equation of an INS (Inertial Navigation System) with large initial azimuth error has been derived and nonlinear characteristics are included. When azimuth error is fairly small, the nonlinear equation can be reduced to a linear one. Extended Kalman filter, iterated filter and second order filter formulas are derived for the nonlinear state equation with linear measurement equation. Simulations results show that the accuracy of azimuth error estimation using extended Kalman filter is better than that of using standard Kalman filter while the iterated filter and second order filter can give even better estimation accuracy.