TA15钛合金电子束焊接接头不同区域的疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

对TA15电子束焊接接头的熔凝区和热影响区的显微组织、硬度、疲劳裂纹扩展速率、以及疲劳断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明:熔凝区的显微组织主要为粗针状α′马氏体组织,热影响区组织为α′马氏体组织+条片状的α相和β相,由接近熔凝区组织向母材组织过渡。母材的硬度较低,熔凝区平均硬度最高,热影响区的硬度介于两者之间。疲劳裂纹扩展速率高低与其显微组织密切相关,含塑性较好的片状α相较多的热影响区比熔凝区有较高的裂纹扩展抗力。     

Ti-22Al-27Nb/TC4异种合金激光焊接组织性能研究

研究激光焊接对2.5mm厚Ti-22Al-27Nb/TC4异种合金焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,激光焊接可得到表面成型良好、内部无气孔裂纹的接头。Ti-22Al-27Nb侧热影响区O相和α_2相逐渐转变为B2相。TC4侧热影响区由α'马氏体和初始α相构成。焊缝区由B2相和α'马氏体构成。Ti-22Al-27Nb/TC4异种合金激光焊接接头平均拉伸强度为1043MPa,接近Ti-22A1-27Nb母材的强度。焊接接头平均延伸率为5.65%,为Ti-22Al-27Nb母材的49%。拉伸断裂位置均位于焊缝区域,断口形貌为韧窝花样。     

晶粒尺寸对钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

进行了2μm及8μm,19μm三种晶粒尺寸的细晶粒TC4钛合金常规TIG焊试验,分析了母材晶粒尺寸对钛合金焊接接头组织转变规律及力学性能的影响。结果表明,细晶粒TC4钛合金焊缝中心和热影响区组织相似,为α马氏体组织。相同焊接规范下,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,焊缝中心和热影响区组织由编织(网篮)状α组织向片状组织过渡;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,热影响区晶粒长大越来越明显,热影响区细晶区(FHAZ)明显变窄,热影响区粗晶区(CHAZ)明显变宽,焊缝—热影响区—母材的晶粒梯度增大,焊接接头三区域晶粒过渡越来越差;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,焊接接头拉伸强度和伸长率均有不同程度的提高。常温拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征,随着母材晶粒度的增大,焊接接头解理断裂特征越明显。     

双光束激光焊钛合金T形接头的组织特征与力学性能

利用双侧激光同步焊接的方法获得TC4合金T形接头,对接头进行光学显微组织观察以及拉伸性能测试,分析了接头的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,T形接头母材显微组织为α+β等轴组织。焊缝区显微组织由粗大的β柱状晶和网篮状马氏体组成,蒙皮侧焊缝区柱状晶和马氏体晶粒比加强筋侧细小。热影响区显微组织由细小的针状马氏体、针状α相和少量等轴初生α相组成,蒙皮侧热影响区比加强筋侧窄。T形接头焊缝区拉伸强度大于母材,接头拉伸断裂均发生在离焊缝中心较远的母材上。     

TC2钛合金焊接接头组织与疲劳断裂性能研究

通过金相、硬度、拉伸以及疲劳实验,分析了TC2钛合金焊接接头显微组织结构、硬度分布规律及拉伸、疲劳性能,并综合疲劳断口特征,进一步分析了焊接接头光滑试样的疲劳性能与影响因素。结果表明,焊缝区为α α′相的魏氏组织,热影响区为α α′ 少量β相的魏氏组织,母材为α β相的等轴组织。焊缝区的硬度高于母材50HV,塑性较差,由于焊缝内几何不连续缺陷的存在使其疲劳性能较低;热影响区的硬度较低,塑性较好,其拉伸强度是焊接接头部位的最薄弱区,但却有较好的疲劳性能。     

TC21细晶钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及力学性能研究

开展了不同晶粒尺寸的细晶粒TC21钛合金的TIG焊接实验,研究了母材及接头组织和力学性能。结果表明：细晶粒TC21钛合金TIG焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的95％左右,焊接性较好;但是焊接接头脆化严重,伸长率和断面收缩率均较低。焊缝中心和热影响区组织相似,为α’马氏体组织。相同焊接规范下,21μm的细晶TC21合金焊缝及热影响区为片状或长粒状α’组织;而7μm的细晶TC21合金接头中α’丛的尺寸较小且相互交错,形成针状或短粒状α’组织。硬度测试表明：靠近母材的热影响区细晶区存在一个软化区,该区域硬度最低,而焊缝中心与热影响区粗晶区分界处（细晶过渡区（FTZ））也存在硬度的下降,不过此区域下降幅度不大。常温拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征,随着母材晶粒度的增大,焊接接头解理特征越明显。     

超声冲击对TA15 钛合金焊接接头的影响

研究了TA15钛合金氩弧焊焊接接头超声冲击前后的组织及力学性能,并对接头拉伸断口进行了观察。结果表明,焊接后焊缝区和热影响区的组织与母材的组织差别很大,表现为魏氏组织特征;超声冲击前后母材和接头的组织均变化不大。冲击处理使焊缝区和母材区的强度和伸长率均有所增加。冲击前后的焊缝及母材的室温拉伸断口均属于韧窝型断口。冲击后接头的表面和断面显微硬度均得到了提高。     

焊接方法对2219铝合金性能及组织的影响

通过拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜与光学显微镜等手段,比较了搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和变极性钨极氩弧焊(VPTIG)两种焊接方法对2219铝合金板材力学性能的影响.结果表明,无论何种焊接方法均使2219铝合金板材的强度和塑性下降,但是FSW焊接接头强度以及塑性等力学性能明显优于VPTIG焊熔焊接头.拉伸试样断口形貌以及显微组织分析显示,FSW焊核区组织均匀细密,断裂位置位于后退侧热影响区与焊核区的交界处.VPTIG焊接接头易出现气孔缺陷,熔合区是最薄弱环节.     

2219铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊与熔焊交叉接头的组织及性能

文摘对2219C10S铝合金进行双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接,之后沿垂直于双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊方向进行变极性TIG焊接制备交叉接头,并对比分析了交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织和力学性能。交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织特征既有相同之处也存在差异。相同之处为焊缝区均由直流氦弧焊作用下的柱状区和交流脉冲氩弧焊作用下的碗状区组成;不同之处在于两者的母材区分别为细小等轴晶和轧制板条晶粒,而热影响区都是在母材晶粒上发生粗化长大。显微硬度测试结果表明,两类接头的横截面显微硬度分布均呈"W"型,单一TIG接头的的显微硬度分布梯度大于交叉接头,但交叉接头的软化区宽度更窄。拉伸测试结果得出,两类接头均断裂于接头的热影响区。沿SR-FSW焊缝方向的交叉接头的抗拉强度系数为66.14%,略低于单一TIG接头,但接头延伸率比单一TIG接头高约30%。断口形貌研究表明,交叉接头的断口形貌为典型的韧性断裂,而单一TIG接头还可观察到部分脆性断裂特征。     

A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的工艺研究

通过对6 mm厚的A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验研究,采用OM、SEM、万能拉伸试验机、显微硬度仪等分析了母材位置、焊接速度对接头组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:当旋转速度为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为100~400 mm/min时,均可获得内部无明显缺陷、外观良好的异种铝合金接头;A356-T6铝合金置于前进侧时有利于材料的迁移,焊缝区组织由典型的焊核区、热机械影响区和热影响区特征组织组成,焊核区域晶粒由表层向底层逐渐细化;接头拉伸性能随焊接速度的增加而增大;焊接速度较低时,A356合金位于前进侧有利于获得强度更高的接头,而焊接速度较高时,6061位于前进侧有利于获得高性能接头,且接头的屈服强度和延伸率均较A356位于前进侧时高;无论A356还是6061置于前进侧,接头的断裂位置均位于A356侧热影响区,与母材放置位置无关,这与焊缝硬度最小值区位置相吻合。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.