活性焊剂和热处理对TC17钛合金TIG焊接头组织和性能的影响分析

为了探明焊后热处理过程和焊前涂覆活性剂对TC17钛合金TIG焊接接头性能的影响,对不同状态的焊接接头进行了拉伸试验和硬度测试,并采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察焊接接头组织和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,焊前涂覆活性剂可以有效防止焊缝出现气孔缺陷,降低焊接热输入,减少热影响区晶粒粗化倾向,同时减少焊接热影响区晶粒在宽度方向的不均匀性。焊后热处理使焊接接头Sn、Zr等元素扩散均匀,接头组织得到显著强化。对TC17板材,焊前涂覆活性剂,并且进行焊后热处理,可以获得良好的接头组织和性能。     

TC17钛合金焊接接头组织与力学性能分析

对TC17钛合金薄板采用氩弧焊和电子束焊两种焊接方法焊接,进行了拉伸试验,结合拉伸试验结果与断口形貌,对比分析了力学性能与焊接接头组织之间的联系。研究结果表明,TC17钛合金在经历TIG焊接热循环后,焊缝及靠近焊缝的热影响区晶粒粗化,电子束焊接头热影响区较窄且没有粗晶区形成;两种焊接试样抗拉强度均与母材等强;相对延伸率有所降低,主要是热影响区及焊缝的组织变化所致;氩弧焊焊缝组织较不均匀性更为显著。     

晶粒尺寸对钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

进行了2μm及8μm,19μm三种晶粒尺寸的细晶粒TC4钛合金常规TIG焊试验,分析了母材晶粒尺寸对钛合金焊接接头组织转变规律及力学性能的影响。结果表明,细晶粒TC4钛合金焊缝中心和热影响区组织相似,为α马氏体组织。相同焊接规范下,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,焊缝中心和热影响区组织由编织(网篮)状α组织向片状组织过渡;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,热影响区晶粒长大越来越明显,热影响区细晶区(FHAZ)明显变窄,热影响区粗晶区(CHAZ)明显变宽,焊缝—热影响区—母材的晶粒梯度增大,焊接接头三区域晶粒过渡越来越差;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,焊接接头拉伸强度和伸长率均有不同程度的提高。常温拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征,随着母材晶粒度的增大,焊接接头解理断裂特征越明显。     

TC11/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织与性能

针对航空发动机钛合金整体叶盘的典型材料TC11和TC17开展对异种钛合金线性摩擦焊的研究,其中包括飞边形貌、接头组织及拉伸性能等.研究结果表明:TC11/TC17异种钛合金线性摩擦焊沿振动方向的飞边较长;焊接接头明显分为3个区域:母材、热机械影响区和焊缝区,其中TC11母材为双态组织、TC17母材为网篮组织、热机械影响区的组织沿着受力方向被拉长,焊缝发生了动态再结晶,组织为等轴晶.拉伸测试结果表明:接头的抗拉强度及屈服强度能达到与TC11等强,拉伸试样均断在TC11母材一侧,随着测试温度提高,强度呈线性下降趋势;而断面收缩率均超过TC17母材,随着测试温度提高,变化不明显.     

TC4＋TC17线性摩擦焊接头的微观组织与力学性能

进行了TC4+TC17异种钛合金试件的线性摩擦焊实验,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜分析了焊接接头的微观组织,并进行了焊后接头的力学性能测试.着重分析了焊接接头的焊缝、近缝区及变形区的组织特点及相变规律,并结合线性摩擦焊的工艺特点,初步分析了形变组织的形成机理.实验结果表明,利用合理的焊接工艺参数,用线性摩擦焊方法可获得可靠的Tc4+TC1钛合金焊接接头,接头的拉伸性能优于TC4母材.TC4与TC17接头的焊缝区为等轴细品组织,两侧近缝区、变形区的组织形貌差异较大.     

TC21细晶钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及力学性能研究

开展了不同晶粒尺寸的细晶粒TC21钛合金的TIG焊接实验,研究了母材及接头组织和力学性能。结果表明：细晶粒TC21钛合金TIG焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的95％左右,焊接性较好;但是焊接接头脆化严重,伸长率和断面收缩率均较低。焊缝中心和热影响区组织相似,为α’马氏体组织。相同焊接规范下,21μm的细晶TC21合金焊缝及热影响区为片状或长粒状α’组织;而7μm的细晶TC21合金接头中α’丛的尺寸较小且相互交错,形成针状或短粒状α’组织。硬度测试表明：靠近母材的热影响区细晶区存在一个软化区,该区域硬度最低,而焊缝中心与热影响区粗晶区分界处（细晶过渡区（FTZ））也存在硬度的下降,不过此区域下降幅度不大。常温拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征,随着母材晶粒度的增大,焊接接头解理特征越明显。     

TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头性能分析

针对航空发动机整体叶盘典型的TC4和TC17异种钛合金材料,开展其线性摩擦焊工艺试验以及接头拉伸、高周疲劳力学性能的测试和分析.结果表明:TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊后经630℃,保温3h的时效热处理后,其拉伸和疲劳性能较好.接头的室温拉伸和高温拉伸强度均介于TC4母材和TC17母材之间,略高于TC4母材的性能;高周疲劳性能达到TC4母材高周疲劳强度的95%以上.     

TC17 合金焊接接头显微组织与疲劳裂纹扩展特性

研究了TC17钛合金惯性摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对材料的显微组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:TC17钛合金母材为α+β网篮状组织,晶粒较大;焊缝区和热影响区内可以看到明显的原β相晶界,焊缝区的原β晶粒较细小,热影响区的原β晶粒较粗大,晶粒内部存在细小的α相。在室温下,当ΔK≤15 MPa.m1/2时,焊缝区疲劳裂纹扩展速率较小,而当ΔK≥15 MPa.m1/2时,焊缝区的扩展速率最大,其次是热影响区,母材的裂纹扩展速率最小;在高温下,焊接接头各部位的裂纹扩展速率相差不大,均小于室温。     

TC2钛合金焊接接头组织与疲劳断裂性能研究

通过金相、硬度、拉伸以及疲劳实验,分析了TC2钛合金焊接接头显微组织结构、硬度分布规律及拉伸、疲劳性能,并综合疲劳断口特征,进一步分析了焊接接头光滑试样的疲劳性能与影响因素。结果表明,焊缝区为α α′相的魏氏组织,热影响区为α α′ 少量β相的魏氏组织,母材为α β相的等轴组织。焊缝区的硬度高于母材50HV,塑性较差,由于焊缝内几何不连续缺陷的存在使其疲劳性能较低;热影响区的硬度较低,塑性较好,其拉伸强度是焊接接头部位的最薄弱区,但却有较好的疲劳性能。     

新型阻燃Ti40合金TIG焊焊接性能研究

研究新型阻燃钛合金Ti40合金的TIG(tungest inert gas)焊焊接性能,采用金相、SEM等方法分析Ti40合金焊缝及热影响区的组织变化.结果表明,Ti40合金钨极氩弧焊焊缝室温、高温拉伸性能良好,冲击性能较低.焊接之后的热处理制度对组织有一定的改善.经500℃×100h热暴露后,晶界粗化,为连续α相.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.