大尺度行星波跨赤道传播的E—P通量诊断

利用Nimbus－7卫星温度探测资料，计算了平流层和中间层的风场、位势高度扰动场，进行了行星波E－P通量分析．结果表明，中层大气中的准定常行星波，其定常分量不能跨过赤道上空的零风线，由于其幅度的起伏和相位的变化，激发的瞬变行星波分量不受赤道零风线的限制，可以从冬半球向夏半球传播，也可以从夏半球向冬半球传播．这种跨赤道传播为夏半球行星波的能量来源提供了一种解释．     

1980年中层大气温度波空间特征的初步分析

利用1980年Nimbus-7卫星网络点资料(温度场)对中层大气行星波的空间结构进行诊断和分析后发现,行星波扰动主要集中于冬半球,夏半球及赤道地区上空的扰动则相对较弱,但也不可忽视.冬半球行星波扰动中的瞬变波部分可以跨过赤道向夏半球传播,且传播主要集中于20kin和70km两个高度层附近.波数1冬季以准定常行里波为主,夏季瞬变行星波与准定常行星波波幅相当.行星波扰动的波幅从冬到夏的衰减主要表现在波数1和波数2上,波数3变化不大.      

用全球原始方程半谱模式研究QBO对行星波传播的影响

本文建立了一个全球原始方程半谱模式,模拟了赤道上空风场准两年振荡(QBO)及其相应的副热带急流大小对冬季半球行星波向上传播及平流层突然增温的影响。结果表明,波数1的行星波在QBO东风相比西风相更易向上传播,平流层增温更快更强。波数2则相反。QBO对低纬对流层里的行星波上传的影响限制在低纬低平流层,对中高纬影响不大。     

Aura/MLS与TIMED/SABER观测全球重力波特性

大气重力波是临近空间环境主要大气波动之一,对全球环流具有重要影响。卫星上搭载的临边探测器能够探测临近空间大气温度,可用于临近空间大气重力波研究。利用2012－2014年Aura的微波临边探测器（MLS）和TIMED的红外临边探测器（SABER）的探测数据,对20~50 km高度的大气重力波扰动分布特征开展了分析研究,两种观测重力波活动基本一致,重力波随季节、纬度及高度的变化显著。冬季半球高纬度重力波扰动较强,赤道和夏季半球近赤道地区上空也存在明显重力波活动区域,夏季半球高纬度重力波扰动最弱。重力波扰动强度随高度增加。TIMED/SABER重力波扰动强度数值比 Aura/MLS略强。      

三维球坐标系下重力波波包非线性传播过程听数值研究

采用全隐欧拉（FICE）格式，对三维球坐标系下重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果完整地反映了重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程，并与线性重力波理论进行了定量比较。     

大气准两年振荡对赤道行星波上传的影响

本文讨论了热带大气行星波在QBO风场中向上传播的规律,并运用数值模拟的方法,得到了开尔文波和混合罗斯贝重力波在QBO不同相位下交替上传的结果。试图用QBO对行星波的调制解释QBO在日地相关性中的作用.      

三维球坐标系下重力波波包非线性传播过程的数值研究

采用全隐欧拉(FICE)格式，对三维球坐标系下重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程进行了数值模拟.模拟结果完整地反映了重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程，并与线性重力波理论进行了定量比较.     

我国中低纬地区上空低电离层中的行星波

本文通过5年的电离层吸收观测资料与平流层增温事件对比及吸收资料的谱分析,得出以下几点初步结论:1)极区平流层增温事件的影响可能通过子午环流和行星波传播,经过5—9天后到达中低纬地区,从而引起那里的电离层吸收变化;2)冬季行星波沿子午方向的平均速度大约在10m/s到15m/s之间变化;3)全年均有周期为32天、18天、10天、8天和2天的行星波出现,它对大气湍流系数有明显影响。计算得出行星波扰动引起中层的NO浓度偏离未扰值可高达40%。      

重力波波包在真实大气中传播特性的数值研究

采用二维全隐欧拉（FICE）格式，对重力波波包在真实大气中的非线性传播和演变过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果表明，在中层大气下部激发的向上传播的重力波波包在传播到中层顶之前，波相关能量沿着射线路径传播，非线性效应和背景温场对波能量传播路径的影响很小，当波包传播到低热层大气后，波包饱和波相关能量几乎完全沿着水平方向传播，垂直方向的能量传播受到抑制，这与在无耗大气下，WKB近似条件下的线性重力波理论的预言相差很大，深入的分析表明抑制重力波波包向上传输能量的关键因素是大气分子粘性的垂直非均匀性。非线性和背景温场的影响不足以完全抑制波能量的向上传播，此外，在波包的整个传播过程中，由于非线性，背景温度和背景耗散的共同作用，重力波波包的垂直波长随时间明显减小，这些结果说明大气的分子粘性特别是分子粘性的垂直不均匀性对重力波波包在中、高层大气的非线性传播过程起着重要作用。     

中频雷达风场的双谱分析

对中纬度中频雷达１９９７年６月８２ｋｍ高度的小时平均风场数据进行了动态谱分析和双谱分析,得到了中层顶区域谱行为具有多样性和各向异性的特点,以及行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间相位相干的现象,讨论了中层顶行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间存在非线性相互作用的可能性。     

Planetary wave transience effects on the zonal mean flow: simulations with the COMMA-LIM model

A 3D circulation model has been used to investigate the role of the quasi two-day wave propagation, its dissipation and variability in the formation of the middle atmosphere zonal mean circulation. According to linear theory, the accelerations due to dissipation of steady planetary waves are relatively weak. This study shows that the transient quasi two-day wave is able to shift the summer jet towards the equator thereby attenuating the seasonal weakening of the westward jet.     

Numerical modeling of inhomogeneous orographic wave influence on planetary waves in the middle atmosphere

Parameterization of dynamical and thermal effects of stationary orographic gravity waves (OGWs) generated by the Earth’s surface topography is incorporated into a numerical model of general circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere. Responses of atmospheric general circulation and characteristics of planetary waves at altitudes from the troposphere up to the thermosphere to the effects of OGWs propagating from the earth surface are studied. Changes in atmospheric circulation and amplitudes of planetary waves due to variations of OGW generation and propagation in different seasons are considered. It is shown that during solstices the main OGW dynamical and heat effects occur in the middle atmosphere of winter hemispheres, where changes in planetary wave amplitudes due to OGWs may reach up to 50%. During equinoxes OGW effects are distributed more homogeneously between northern and southern hemispheres.     

Time variations of dynamical processes in the midlatitude upper mesosphere — lower thermosphere

Complex studies with the use of spectrum and harmonic analysis allow determination of wave disturbances in the prevailing and tidal wind, and also mesoscale short period oscillation intensity per unit mass. We particularly find enhanced periods of 4–6, 9–12, 15–20, 25–30 days, which are typical for planetary waves in the lower and middle atmosphere of the Earth. We also reveal the non-linear character of vertical amplitude and phase profiles for wave disturbances with planetary wave scales in the prevailing, tidal and short period oscillation intensity. This non-linearity is interpreted as a consequence of the non-linear interaction of waves such as internal gravity waves, tides and planetary waves among themselves and with background movements.     

A global view of tidal temperature perturbations above the mesopause: Preliminary model/observation intercomparison

Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the temperature data from the satellite borne, Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment are compared to model predictions from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) and from the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM). The comparative model/observation analysis is performed between 75–120 km altitude and at 7.5°N. The results suggest that interactions between quasi-stationary planetary waves and radiative and latent heat forced tidal components may play an important role in generating the thermal tidal structure above the mesopause though more extended model studies are necessary.     

Lower ionosphere response to external forcing: A brief review

There are two ways of external forcing of the lower ionosphere, the region below an altitude of about 100 km: (1) From above, which is directly or indirectly of solar origin. (2) From below, which is directly or indirectly of atmospheric origin. The external forcing of solar origin consists of two general factors – solar ionizing radiation variability and space weather. The solar ionization variability consist mainly from the 11-year solar cycle, the 27-day solar rotation and solar flares, strong flares being very important phenomenon in the daytime lower ionosphere due to the enormous increase of the solar X-ray flux resulting in temporal terminating of MF and partly LF and HF radio wave propagation due to heavy absorption of radio waves. Monitoring of the sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs – effects of solar flares in the lower ionosphere) served in the past as an important tool of monitoring the solar activity and its impacts on the ionosphere. Space weather effects on the lower ionosphere consist of many different but often inter-related phenomena, which govern the lower ionosphere variability at high latitudes, particularly at night. The most important space weather phenomenon for the lower ionosphere is strong geomagnetic storms, which affect substantially both the high- and mid-latitude lower ionosphere. As for forcing from below, it is caused mainly by waves in the neutral atmosphere, i.e. planetary, tidal, gravity and infrasonic waves. The most important and most studied waves are planetary and gravity waves. Another channel of the troposphere coupling to the lower ionosphere is through lightning-related processes leading to sprites, blue jets etc. and their ionospheric counterparts. These phenomena occur on very short time scales. The external forcing of the lower ionosphere has observationally been studied using predominantly ground-based methods exploiting in various ways the radio wave propagation, and by sporadic rocket soundings. All the above phenomena are briefly mentioned and some of them are treated in more detail.