General aviation aircraft avionics: integration & system tests

The avionics of current-day aircraft is termed as modular integrated full glass cockpit. Unlike lots of dials and gauges, the pilot will interact with Multi-Function Displays (MYD). This means that the systems are coupled with multi-function displays, communication and navigation radios with control units, multi-mode interactive instruments for control and navigation, recording and fault management systems, airframes and health monitoring diagnostic capabilities. Pilot Vehicle Interface (PVI) is an important measure of good avionics and cockpit layout, which implies the optimization of man-machine interface, enhancement of the economy, and safety of flight operations. This presents the avionics architecture of a 14-seat Light Transport Aircraft (LTA) for general aviation, which has multi-role commuter capabilities. LTA is a twin turbo-prop, multi-role aircraft, with air taxi and commuter services as its primary roles. The avionics is built on the digital communication mode for both command and control with current requirements of TCAS, digital Autopilot, and AMLCD multi-purpose glass displays. The LTA Avionics suite is grouped into six major groups based on functionality: Display System, Communication System, Navigation System, Recording System, Radar System, and Engine instruments and other cockpit displays. This paper also covers details about the extensive tests carried out to prove the avionics design in terms of functionality, inter-operability, interference, and compatibility. Various practical integration and flight-test issues, methodologies, and details of the scenarios is presented herein.     

基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统研究

平视显示系统是一种目前普遍运用于航空器上的飞行辅助器,它能使飞行员不用低头就可以看到仪表上的重要信息.针对传统平视显示系统体积大、生产成本高等不足,提出一种基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统.通过对二维微扫描镜的振动频率与平视显示图像的稳定性、分辨率、刷新率之间关系的分析研究,初步实现基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统的搭建,并成功完成一个常见标志的成像,证明基于二维微扫描镜的平视显示系统的可行性.     

航空电子系统中的FC-AV技术研究

航电系统中的高速数字视频传输技术是一项有待解决的关键技术。FC-AV是FC的一个子集,提供数字音、视频至FC的映射格式,可实现航电系统中传感器和显示器网络的视频传输。本文讨论了FC-AV的层次结构、容器系统、帧头控制协议、简单内容移动架构;并针对航电系统的需求,提出了一种采用FC-AV的视频传输方案。     

MPEG2传输流协议分析及其在机载DVR中的应用

机载视频记录仪(DVR)是记录飞机视频信息的专用设备,用于完成对平显、下显、飞行员操作画面等多路视频信息的记录。分析了MPEG2系统层规定的传输流(TS)的码流格式,探讨了其在DVR中的应用的可能性及其优点。     

某型机械数字视频记录仪的设计与实现

介绍了一种用数字技术实现飞机视频记录的方法 ,并就某型飞机的技术要求设计和实现了机载视频记录系统。文中就数字压缩算法、工程实现中的技术要点和难点做了详细介绍。     

车辆行驶中的音视频记录研究

阐述了车辆行驶中的音视频等参数记录的研究与应用.系统采用MP4压缩方式获得音视频数据,结合行车中的险情信号来减少实际记录的数据量,通过SD卡存储实现了全数字化的数据采集与记录,使得系统的可靠性大大提高.多种可选工作模式能给驾乘者更大的选择自由,多媒体播放功能充分发挥了装置的附加功能.     

机载多媒体网络传感器技术研究

为了解决机载设备获取的视频图像不清晰、数据容量小等问题,本文研究了机载多媒体网络传感器的实现技术,给出了机载多媒体现场记录系统的总体技术方案,并讨论了显示器、存储单元及MCU单元选择等问题.网络传感器技术能够提高机载图像和数据获取及记录的能力;机载多媒体现场记录系统是实现机载图像和数据获取的一种高效可行的方法.     

Developing the next generation cockpit display system

The goal of advanced cockpit display systems is to present large amounts of information quickly and in an understandable format, enabling the aviator to improve mission performance. Current front-line cockpit display systems utilize low-resolution analog video to present two-dimensional (2-D) images on many separate displays. The future cockpit will be capable of integrating large picture digital video with three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D color images. This system will be capable of rendering icons, maps, and world-views. It will be compatible with head mounted displays and multiple large displays to improve war-planning and combat aviator situational awareness. We are developing a massively parallel 3-D renderer which will be capable of updating 500,000 3-D triangles per second with shading, lighting, transparency, texture mapping, and hidden surface removal. The renderer design employs a massively parallel architecture with 1,024 ALUs per chip to display one million anti-aliased vectors per second. Current high end workstations are capable of these display goals, but fall far short of military reliability, size, and power requirements. The rendering system will be small enough to fit on one board, extensible to dual-seat configuration, and capable of up to eight windows per display channel     

民用飞机情景识别系统试飞研究

由于平视显示器(HUD)、视景增强系统(EVS)以及合成视景系统(SVS)优秀的情景显示能力,HUD与EVS、SVS结合使用将显著提高飞行机组情景识别以及态势感知能力。同时,HUD与自动着陆系统结合使用可降低着陆和起飞时的最低天气标准。随着机组情景识别能力的提高,必须提出高效的试飞方法来验证情景识别系统的适航符合性,在分析EVS、SVS与HUD结合使用的基础上,提出综合的优化的民用飞机机组情景识别系统试飞方法以及基于任务的符合性判据。     

A large flat panel multifunction display for military and spaceapplications

A flat panel multifunction display (MFD) that offers the size and reliability benefits of liquid crystal display technology while achieving near-CRT display quality is presented. Display generation algorithms that provide exceptional display quality are being implemented in custom VLSI components to minimize MFD size. A high-performance processor converts user-specified display lists to graphics commands used by these components, resulting in high-speed updates of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The MFD uses the MIL-STD-1553B data bus for compatibility with virtually all avionics systems. The MFD can generate displays directly from display lists received from the MIL-STD-1553B bus. Complex formats can be stored in the MFD and displayed using parameters from the data bus. The MFD also accepts direct video input and performs special processing on this input to enhance image quality     

机载雷达综合显示器的仿真实现

雷达综合显示器是一种能够灵活地把雷达一次信息、二次信息、地图背景和各种表格数据综合在同一个显示界面进行显示的雷达终端系统,可以形象地提供雷达威力范围内比较全面的综合信息。本文对应用Visual C＋＋程序设计来实现航空机载雷达综合显示器的仿真问题进行了探讨。     

嵌入式电子飞行仪表系统软件设计

设计了一种基于嵌入式操作系统的电子飞行仪表系统软件。介绍了电子飞行仪表系统的基本构成,在嵌入式操作系统上设计并实现了主飞行模式、导航模式、发动机信息模式等功能。分析了电子飞行仪表系统软件设计的原则和结构,介绍了软件的类和消息机制。此外,通过在嵌入式系统的有限资源和三维处理的复杂算法间进行合理的折衷,实现了空间变换、立体投影和曲线消隐等算法模块,构成了自行设计的三维地形引擎。软件已经在基于Intel,Motorola等多种嵌入式处理器的系统上下载成功并且能够稳定运行。     

The C-17 multifunction display: a building block for avionicsystems

The multifunction display (MFD) developed for use as the primary cockpit display system on the US Air Force C-17A military air transport is described. The 6-in by 6-in color cathode ray tube (CRT) display features a self-contained 1750 processor and vector generator capable of processing MIL-STD-1553B aircraft data and raster video into any of 10 formats as selected by the pilot or copilot. The MFD can display stroke, raster, or hybrid formats in 16 colors. Raster images are driven by sensor inputs with an RS-170 or RS-343 interface. The CRT uses a taut mask delta gun design and provides the best available brightness and line-width performance. The display features small size, low weight, low power, standard interface, and adaptable software. Reconfigurability in the aircraft is enhanced by using four identical cockpit displays     

Digital Cartographic Data: A Case for Electronic Delivery

The demand for digital cartographic data and information is expanding rapidly, most dramatically in navigation. Electronic chart and map display systems are now reaching the market for land, sea and air navigation and rapid delivery of the latest data is absolutely essential. Commercial aviation is moving rapidly toward the automated cockpit with the new generation Flight Management Computer System. Marine navigation is experiencing a similar growth in integrated navigation systems and every major automobile manufacturer has plans for digital map navigation systems. The largest, most complete data bases to meet these requirements are Government held and difficult to access, thus most private sector firms re-digitize and agencies maintain near duplicate data. Present inefficiencies, introduced errors, and delays stem from lack of rapid access and delivery of digital data. Use of newly developed satellite data broadcast technology offers a solution.     

Autonomous Landing Guidance Systems

All weather tactical aircraft recovery and high sortie generation rates from forward, possibly battle damaged landing areas will reqire autonomous landing guidance systems which are independent of ground-based cooperative aids. A recently completed study has examined the operational requirements and assessed current and near term technology for an answer to this need. The Landing Systems Requirements/Synthesis Study has defined the Pilot/vehicle Interface and imaging sensor suite required, based on the concept of augmenting pilot forward vision with sensor imagery and guidance symbology on a HUD during low visibility landings. Image processing technology was also assessed for potential enhancement of the information presented to the pilot. This paper summarizes the final report of the Study, which is in publication.     

无人机视频图像与测控数据同步记录与回放系统

无人机越来越多地应用于侦察领域,其侦察情报主要来自于测控数据与视频图像。传统的视频图像与遥测测控数据的记录普遍采用独立记录方式,数据同步性低,严重影响事后情报生成的准确性,为此提出了无人机视频图像与测控数据同步记录与回放系统。试验结果表明,系统回放时保持了系统输入顺序和时间基准,准确地还原了飞行时视频图像与测控数据同步状态。     

武器系统校靶原理及方法

武器系统校靶是使飞机中各项设备的光学、机械轴线,按照按设计图样制定的靶图与飞机坐标系协调一致的检查和调整过程。以歼击机为例,概述平显、发射装置及航炮的校靶过程;重点分析了飞机校靶的主要类型和方法;对靶图绘制原理进行分析。     

基于微服务的栅格地图网络化分发技术设计与实现

介绍了栅格地图数据网络化分发技术设计及其应用,实现了地图引擎和地图数据的解耦。通过研究栅格地图数据结构和OGC接口标准,提出一种基于微服务的地图服务框架,设计了面向网络的卫星影像、地形高程数据解析算法和Restful分发接口,该技术可为多源异构地图引擎提供地图数据源及服务。经过试验,机载GIS引擎及非嵌GIS引擎均可调用、显示该服务,该技术可广泛应用于机载后舱、地面站、网信体系等领域,未来网络条件成熟也可应用于机载前舱。     

An Interleaved-Trace Time-Compression Radar Display

Detection information from conventional surveillance radars is frequently presented in the form of a display known as the plan position indicator map. In this display, new data are displayed while data from previous scans fade from the display. Target blips typically persist for several scans, making possible operator integration or correlation. However, the noise from previous scans often masks signals from small moving targets. To avoid the loss in signal-to-noise ratio caused by the addition of noise to signal plus noise, a digital signal processing display unit has been designed and is presented here.     

综合化火力控制仿真系统

讨论了综合化火力控制系统的软硬件开发,系统结构和信息流情况。包括:(1)提出~种静态真值计算迭加传感器噪声的方法来模拟ADC、INS、RAD和BU几个子系统并在合理假设的基础上导出了相应的计算公式;(2)对MC子系统中的各种攻击模式进行了介绍;(3)提出以Fuzzy控制器代替飞行员构成人-机-火控系统大闭环来仿真空战飞机的飞行信息,这样可以简化方案降低成本;(4)提出~种HUD中符号产生器的设计方案;(5)扼要介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线的开发工作。