Common-Mode Noise Generation in a DC-to-DC Converter

Analytical and experimental considerations of the common-mode noise in a dc-to-dc connverterare discussed. Analyzing the mechanism of the common-mode noise generation by means of a high-frequency equivalent circuit, we estimate the output noise voltage generated during the transistor's turn-on time. This commonmode noise consists mainly of two frequency components distributed in several megahertz. The effects of parasitic parameters on the noise voltage and frequencies are clarified. In addition, the effect of a common-mode choke on the noise suppression is discussed experimentally.     

Cross Noise in Multi-Output DC-to-DC Converters

In a multi-output dc-to-dc converter with cross regulation, the noise generated in one of the multiple loads is transmitted to the other loads. It is called ?cross noise.? This cross noise is analyzed and experimental results are given. High-frequency equivalent circuits, which are composed of parasitic parameters and have several parallel and series resonances, are presented for cross noise in a two-output dc-to-dc converter. The frequency responses versus 100 kHz through 10 MHz noise are calculated from these equivalent circuits and agree well with experimental results.     

Surge and Noise Generation in a Forward DC-to-DC Converter

Switching surge and noise voltages are analyzed under the common-mode condition in a forward dc-to-dc converter. The analysis is performed by partitioning the switching time into several states and introducing the high-frequency equivalent circuits. The equivalent circuits include not only inductive and capacitive parameters, but also the parameters related to the switching speed of the transistor and the recovery characteristics of the diode. As a result, the effects of these various parameters on the surge and noise generation are made clear quantitatively.     

Noise Generation of a Switching Regulator

Analytical and experimental considerations on the surge and noise generated in a typical switching regulator are discussed. There are two kinds of surges which occur in the switching instants of the transistor. These surges appear as high voltages across the semiconductor elements and decrease their reliabilities. Corresponding to the surge generation, noise voltages appear in the output terminals and may induce malfunctions of a signal processing device connected to the regulator. We analyze these surge and noise voltages by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits.     

V形槽喷管在分开式排气系统中的降噪实验

利用位于全消声室中的喷流噪声实验台研究了V形槽喷管在分开式排气系统中的降噪特性,比较了在剪切速度比为0.92工况下V形槽喷管的结构参数以及分布方式在冷喷流中对降噪效果的影响.结果表明:V形槽喷管降低了低频段的喷流噪声并增大高频段的喷流噪声;在喷管的下游方向有最好的低频段降噪效果,并具有最小的高频段喷流噪声增加量;增大V形槽喷管切入角可以增加低频段的降噪量,其降噪量最高为5dB;仅在外涵添加V形槽喷管可以增大低频段的降噪量并抑制高频段的喷流噪声的增加;V形槽喷管齿数的变化对降噪效果有一定的影响,但其影响远小于切入角的变化对降噪效果的影响;另外V形槽喷管可以显著地降低喷管下游方向的声压级大小.      

Soft-switching single-stage AC-to-DC converter with low harmonic distortion

A 1 /spl phi/ high-frequency (HF) transformer isolated, soft-switching single-stage ac-dc converter with low line-current harmonic distortion is presented. Its operation is explained with equivalent circuits for the various intervals. The converter is analyzed and design curves are obtained. An optimization parameter is introduced and a systematic design procedure is illustrated with a design example. Detailed SPICE simulation and experimental results of a 500 W converter with load as well as line voltage variation are given to verify theory. The proposed converter employs a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) network to ensure zero-voltage switching (ZVS) at all loads, and natural power factor correction is ensured using a simple control circuit.     

火箭发动机燃气射流喷水降噪研究

采用有限体积法预估喷水对火箭燃气射流气动噪声的抑制程度.建立并求解了守恒的控制体的质量、动量和能量方程,得到了燃气和水掺混后的等效射流参数,分析了水和燃气的质量流率比对等效射流参数和降噪效果的影响.计算结果和试验数据的结果基本吻合.结果显示,当水和燃气的质量流率比超过一个临界值之后,降噪效率会降低.      

Optimal topologies of resonant DC/DC converters

Generalized and optimal topologies of zero-voltage-switching and zero-current-switching resonant DC/DC power converters are presented. It is shown that many equivalent topologies of the converters can be derived from each of the generalized topologies. The generalized topologies of the converters show clearly which of the parasitic capacitances and inductances can be absorbed into the LC resonant circuit. Utilizing this fact, optimal topologies that are the most suitable for high-frequency operation are derived. In the optimal topologies, the greatest possible number of parasitic reactances is included harmlessly in the resonant circuit. Optimum layout and component selection guidelines for the converters are given. High-order resonant converters are also developed     

基于预估-反馈联合处理的射频噪声干扰抑制算法

针对强射频（RF）噪声干扰下脉压雷达目标检测概率较低的问题,提出了一种基于预估-反馈联合处理的射频噪声干扰抑制算法。首先,对回波信号进行盲源分离预处理,并利用分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）的特性对目标回波信号进行参数估计以及窄带滤波处理,滤除大部分干扰和噪声的能量;然后,在数据层运用M/N逻辑法进行点迹处理,并结合径向速度方向判决,实现对目标航迹的预估检测;最后,利用数据层对航迹状态的反馈实时修正滤波器参数,从而在信号层更好地滤除干扰能量,并对中断航迹进行剔除,完成射频噪声干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明：与现有射频噪声干扰抑制技术相比,所提算法具有更优的干扰抑制效果。     

Modeling double-layer capacitor behavior using ladder circuits

The double-layer capacitor (DLC) is a very complex device that is best represented by a distributed parameter system. Many different lumped-parameter equivalent circuits have been proposed for the DLC. An examination into utilizing a ladder circuit to model a DLC is presented. Parameters for different ladder circuits are determined from AC impedance data. Variations in circuit parameters with DC bias and manufacturing have been investigated. The performance of the ladder circuit has been evaluated in slow discharge and pulse load applications.     

高频振荡器噪声分析

 本文将高频振荡器视为具有深度正反馈噪声放大器。对它分析,给出正弦波信号的谱、等效带宽及相位噪声谱;同时还提出诸如高频振荡器内部产生的随机游走噪声形成机理等新看法。     

Optimum Design of RC Snubbers for Switching Regulators

The optimum design of an RC snubber to suppress the surge voltage across the transistor in a switching regulator with a two-winding reactor is presented. Analyzing the surge voltage by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits, we obtain the third-order characteristic equation. This third-order equation is first analyzed by the aid of the root locus method. As a result, the region where the surge voltage can be suppressed is described in the R-C plane. Then considering the snubber loss, the optimum resistance and capacitance can be obtained. Second, the precise design procedure of RC snubbers is discussed by normalization and numerical calculations. This procedure is summarized in easy-to-use nomographs.     

缝翼结构参数对翼型流场和气动噪声的影响

缝翼气动噪声很大程度地依赖于其结构参数。分析其结构参数对翼型流场及其气动噪声特性的影响,是研究缝翼噪声抑制方法的有效途径。首先,基于典型三段翼型30P-30N,建立流场分析模型,并利用雷诺平均(RANS)和大涡模拟(LES)方法,分别对具有典型缝翼几何位置及外形特征的翼型进行稳态和瞬态流场特性分析;其次,利用FW-H声类比积分法求解远场噪声分布特性,并研究对比不同缝翼结构参数对远场声压级强度及其指向性分布特性的影响规律;最后,针对不同的缝翼结构参数,分析讨论缝翼噪声抑制与相应翼型升力变化的耦合关系。结果表明:缝翼几何位置和结构变形参数的调整均可有效降低远场噪声辐射,但是在攻角增大的情况下升力系数会有一定程度的降低。     

永磁直线同步电机伺服系统鲁棒反步控制器设计

针对永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)伺服系统强鲁棒性、高控制精度的要求,提出一种鲁棒反步控制器。为了解决常规PID跟踪精度不高、参数调节难度大及鲁棒性差的问题,将自适应控制与反步控制结合。利用自适应机制实时估计系统的扰动,去除了反步控制设计过程中对外界扰动上界的要求,同时克服了控制律高频抖振的问题。同时,分析了闭环反馈系统中高频噪声的特性以及对系统的不利影响,使用低通滤波器来抑制高频噪声。最后,在Googol公司的试验平台上,通过与一种改进的PID对比,验证了设计的鲁棒反步控制器的可行性以及抑制高频噪声的有效性,可为先进控制理论的工程化提供参考。     

Maximizing the Usable Bandwidth of MTI Signal Processors

A technique is presented for maximizing the percentage of usable Doppler bandwidth throughout which a radar return can be detected while maintaining an acceptable clutter suppression. The technique employs the weighted Chebyshev approximation to the design of a transversal high-pass digital filter which has an optimal passband ripple for a given number of filter weights and associated integration gain consistent with the required increase in signal-to-noise ratio needed for acceptable probabilities of detection and false alarm. Conventional approaches to the design of a movingtarget arget indictor (MTI) filter which maximizes the improvement factor by clutter suppression typically improve the signal-to-background noise ratio over less than 50 percent of the range between dc and the pulse-repetition frequency fT. This technique can increase the usable bandwidth to 80 percent or more of fT. Two examples are included which utilize parameter values from the Army Missile Command's experimental radar and demonstrate the interactive influence of such filter parameters as the number of weights, passband ripple and bandedge, and stopband attenuation and cutoff.     

冠状喷口抑制涡扇发动机喷流噪声试验和数值研究

 以揭示发动机喷流噪声声场分布和冠状喷口抑制喷流噪声为目的,对涡扇发动机排气噪声声场和喷流流场进行了试验和数值计算,对比分析不同结构的冠状锯齿对喷流噪声的综合抑制效果。结果表明:采用大涡模拟(LES)、FW-H (Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)声学模型和傅里叶变换的方法,可以预测出喷流噪声的空间分布和声压级值;冠状锯齿产生的阵列流向涡是强化流体间混合、降低喷流速度峰值、抑制喷流噪声的根本所在;在本文研究参数范围内,冠状锯齿结构不仅将排气喷流噪声由原型排气系统的159.6 dB降低到154.3 dB,而且冠状锯齿给喷管带来的损失控制在1.7%以内。锯齿冠状结构对分开排气式大涵道比涡扇排气系统喷流噪声有抑制作用。     

对旋轴流风机降噪措施的实验研究

针对一台自行设计的高效对旋轴流风机噪声高的缺点, 分析了主要噪声源及噪声的频率特征;并用消声声衬及适当增加管道长度的方法进行了大量的实验研究, 取得了良好的效果。总声压级由101dB(A)降至88dB(A)。      

超声速来流边界层厚度对浅腔声学特性的影响

通过分析不同来流边界层厚度与空腔深度比(δ/D)下腔内中心线上的脉动声压级的分布和不同测点的声压频谱特性,讨论了超声速来流边界层厚度对浅腔(长深比分别为12和15)声学特性的影响.试验来流马赫数为1.5,基于每米的雷诺数为2.26×107.结果表明,δ/D减小导致浅腔内的噪声更加强烈,腔前后部的声压级分布更不均匀;除了个别离散频率外,腔内不同测点其余离散频率对应的声压级都有不同程度的增大.δ/D减小引起空腔前部和后部区域几乎整个离散频率范围内的噪声声压级有明显升高;因超声速浅腔流动,腔中部产生的激波的干扰因素的影响,边界层流动特性对浅腔中部区域的声学特性影响较小.      

Asynchronous Performance of Slitted Rotor Reluctance Machines?Effects of Copper Conductors

A detailed study of the asynchronous performance of slitted solid-rotor reluctance machines is presented when axial copper conductors are provided in the slits or slots, or both. Further, the influence of end terminations with and without conducting end rings on the asynchronous performance of the motor is also discussed. Theoretical investigations are based on three equivalent circuits presented for this purpose and are fully supported by extensive experimental results.     

Modeling Piecewise-Linear Systems by Topological Techniques

Flowgraph techniques are extended to systems with piecewise-linear characteristics by developing criteria for construction of an optimum model from related subregions in which linearity holds. This requires the synthesis of several known techniques and results in a wide range of useful applications including: 1) devices with nonlinear characteristics which may be considered as linear over certain subregions; 2) networks whose response to changes in applied signal frequency or magnitude may be approximated by piecewise-linear asymptotes; 3) systems processing two or more signals simultaneously with different transfer or immitance characteristics for each signal; 4) circuits approximated by different equivalent circuits depending on the numerical values of critical parameters. Representative examples will illustrate these and similar applications. Procedures are presented to provide a logical, orderly, and effective approach to construct a model, to determine figures of merit, and to optimize the model for a prescribed region of operation or for a desired range of parameters.