State Trajectories Used to Observe and Control DC-to-DC Converters

State-plane analysis techniques are employed to study the voltage stepup energy-storage dc-to-dc converter. Within this framework, an example converter operating under the influence of a constant on-time and a constant frequency controller is examined. Qualitative insight gained through this approach is used to develop a conceptual free-running control law for the voltage stepup converter which can achieve steady-state operation in one on/off cycle of control. Digital computer simulation data are presented to illustrate and verify the theoretical discussions presented.     

Cross Noise in Multi-Output DC-to-DC Converters

In a multi-output dc-to-dc converter with cross regulation, the noise generated in one of the multiple loads is transmitted to the other loads. It is called ?cross noise.? This cross noise is analyzed and experimental results are given. High-frequency equivalent circuits, which are composed of parasitic parameters and have several parallel and series resonances, are presented for cross noise in a two-output dc-to-dc converter. The frequency responses versus 100 kHz through 10 MHz noise are calculated from these equivalent circuits and agree well with experimental results.     

Table-Aided Design of the Energy-Storage Reactor in DC-to-DC Converters

A new procedure for the selection of magnetic cores for use in energy-storage dc-to-dc power converters that eliminates the need for an automated computer search algorithm and stored data file is presented. The converter configurations included in the procedure are the three commonly encountered single-winding converters for voltage stepup, for current stepup and voltage stepup/current stepup, and for the two-winding converter for voltage stepup/current stepup. For each converter configuration, three types of controllers are considered: constant-frequency, constant on-time, and constant off-time. Using concepts developed from analyses of these converters by considering the transfer of energy by means of an energystorage inductor or transformer, a special table of parameters calculated from magnetic core data is constructed, which leads to a considerably simplified design procedure.     

A novel resonant converter topology for DC-to-DC power supply

A class-E DC-to-DC converter with half-wave controlled current rectifier is proposed. Its output voltage is controlled by the conduction angle of the rectifier switch at constant switching frequency. Zero voltage switching for all the switches can be maintained from full load to no load. Its steady state characteristics are analyzed and the effects of the circuit parameters are studied. Some extensions of the proposed converter are also discussed. The analysis is verified by PSPICE simulation and an experimental prototype     

A Design for Thick Film Microcircuit DC-to-DC Converter Electronics

The design concept for thick film microcircuit dc-to-dc converter electronics used in the power subsystem of the Thermoelectric Outer Planet Spacecraft is presented. Microcircuits have been used in low power logic circuits for nearly ten years, but only recently have these techniques been applied to power subsystem circuits which operate at higher power levels. Thick film microcircuit techniques have been utilized in a dc-to-dc converter reducing weight by 70 percent, volume by 80 percent, and interconnections by 75 percent. The close piece-part spacing allowed short interconnections and lower dissipation, and reduced noise coupling. The developed microcircuit handled total power levels from one watt to twenty-five watts.     

DC-to-DC Converter Power-Train Optimization for Maximum Efficiency

A new way is given to describe the independent and dependent design variables of the power train of a dc-to-dc converter in terms of a multidimensional design-parameter space. These concepts provide a framework for examining the problem of design optimization of the power train, with particular emphasis on the maximization of converter efficiency. Numerous examples of important parameterspace surfaces illustrate some of the major relationships between core volume, switching frequency, and output power and between efficiency, ripple, and temperature rise of the energy-storage reactor. Also, the difference in performance between the continuous and discontinuous magnetomotive (MMF) force modes of operation is explored.     

Pulse Synchronizing DC-to-DC Converter

The new dc-to-dc converter driven by the external pulse is presented. The principle is based on the synchronizing phenomenon in the transistor core multivibrator. There are the voltage feed- back in the OFF interval and the current feedback in the ON interval. The flux of the saturable core is changed along the minor hysteresis loop. The operations are explained by the aid of the averaged method of the state space technique. The efficiency of this converter is high and the construction is very simple.     

Common-Mode Noise Generation in a DC-to-DC Converter

Analytical and experimental considerations of the common-mode noise in a dc-to-dc connverterare discussed. Analyzing the mechanism of the common-mode noise generation by means of a high-frequency equivalent circuit, we estimate the output noise voltage generated during the transistor's turn-on time. This commonmode noise consists mainly of two frequency components distributed in several megahertz. The effects of parasitic parameters on the noise voltage and frequencies are clarified. In addition, the effect of a common-mode choke on the noise suppression is discussed experimentally.     

Steady-state analysis of PWM DC-to-DC regulators

A new method for steady-state analysis of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) hard-switching DC-to-DC regulators is presented. The power stage and the feedback control circuit are analyzed as two interconnected blocks. The intersection of their open-loop DC steady-state characteristics with the ramp voltage provides a guess candidate steady-state solution (CS). An iterative process is used to validate it as true steady-state solution (TS) when the bias conditions of switching devices (SDs) are fulfilled everywhere in the switching period.     

多操纵面飞机大包线控制律设计

针对多操纵面布局飞机,提出一种基于Kriging建模技术和鲁棒自增益调参控制器设计技术的大包线飞行控制系统设计方法.通过采用力矩控制形式,使调参控制器的输出为三轴所需力矩系数,从而便于采用力矩控制分配技术来发挥冗余操纵面的潜力,并提高系统鲁棒性;在设计使系统性能指标最优的控制律时,通过建立控制系统性能参数的Kriging近似模型,避免了多次进行耗时的控制器设计,提高了设计效率.     

Generation and classification of PWM DC-to-DC converters

A method is presented by which generation and classification of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) DC-to-DC converters can be effected. Fundamental blocks known as converter cells can be used to generate a plethora of converters leading to a number of useful new converter topologies. A classification of basic converters is proposed in terms of converter-cell generated families     

Steady-State Characteristics of the Push-Pull DC-to-DC Converter

Six modes of operation for the push-pull 4c-to-dc converter are presented by taking into account the magnetizing current of the transformer. If the inductance of the transformer is decreased, the region where the output voltage is abnormally high is expanded in the load characteristics.     

Self-oscillating DC-to-DC switching converters with transformer characteristics

Fourth-order converters with both input and output filters are analyzed in self-oscillating sliding mode. The boost converter with output filter and the Cuk converter are shown to have stable dynamics and an equilibrium point with transformer characteristics. The analytical predictions are verified by experimental results.     

跟踪微分器在某无人机定高控制律设计中的应用

首先论述了某型无人机本体特性和所用传感器精度。基于一个飞行试验平台,重点讨论用PD控制和跟踪微分器进行纵向定高控制律设计,分析比较了用这两种控制律设计的高度保持响应特性。研究表明,应用跟踪微分器设计定高控制律,高度稳态精度好、响应时间快。     

直接升力控制律的逆乃奎斯特阵列法设计

采用直接力控制可弥补常规飞机在轨迹操纵方面的不足,并产生某些新的运动模式 对飞机直接升力控制可的三种基本运动模式进行讨论,从中归纳出直接升力控制 设计就是输出解控制系统的设计问题。并以单纯直接升力控制方式为例,用逆乃奎斯特列方法设计了某飞机的直接升力系统,仿真结果表明ＩＮＡ方法是解决多变量解耦问题的有效方法。     

Optimal Design Strategy of Switching Converters Employing Current in jected Control

This paper analyzes a buck/boost regulator employing current-injected control (CIC). It reveals the complex interactions between the dc loop and the current-injected loop and underlines the fundamental principle that governs the loop gain determination. Three commonly used compensation techniques are compared. The integral and lead/lag compensation are shown to be most desirable for performance optimization and stability.     

飞行器控制律设计方法发展综述

综述了飞行器控制律设计方法的研究和应用状况。首先简述了现代控制理论的发展状况,然后给出最优控制法、特征结构配置法等线性设计方法和非线性反馈线性化、非线性H∞优化与μ综合鲁棒控制、滑模变结构控制、反步控制、神经网络控制、自适应控制等非线性设计方法的特点及其在飞行器控制律设计上的限制,最后分析总结了存在的问题及未来的发展方向。     

高速A/D变换器的电路设计

本文介绍了用常见的中、小规模集成电路设计成高速 A/D 变换器。同时又利用了它的并行传输数字量的速度大大于它本身变换速度的特点,设计了两路在时序上采用相差半个周期来对输入模拟信号交替采样,使 A/D 变换器变换速度达到1MHz 以上。线路实验证明该设计是正确的,实验结果是理想的。并有广泛的使用价值。     

大气层外拦截器单轴定向姿态控制律

针对单轴定向大气层外拦截器设计了一种姿态控制律。拦截器简化为轴对称刚体,利用安装在弹体尾部的“＋”形组合六喷嘴发动机提供控制力矩。由于姿控系统难以同时进行偏航和滚动控制,根据拦截器单轴定向体坐标系不唯一的特点,通过合理选择目标坐标系实现了偏航和滚动通道的分时控制。设计了姿控发动机开关控制律．分析了系统在控制律作用下的稳定性并进行了仿真验证。     

Surge and Noise Generation in a Forward DC-to-DC Converter

Switching surge and noise voltages are analyzed under the common-mode condition in a forward dc-to-dc converter. The analysis is performed by partitioning the switching time into several states and introducing the high-frequency equivalent circuits. The equivalent circuits include not only inductive and capacitive parameters, but also the parameters related to the switching speed of the transistor and the recovery characteristics of the diode. As a result, the effects of these various parameters on the surge and noise generation are made clear quantitatively.