液体火箭发动机推力室内壁三维热强度分析

为了分析再生冷却式液体火箭发动机推力室内壁失效机理、判断失效位置及确定循环次数,对其进行流-热-固耦合计算。流-热耦合模拟推力室再生冷却耦合传热过程并为热-固耦合提供边界条件,热-固耦合对推力室壁在循环加载下的变形进行三维结构非线性分析。通过计算,得到了推力室壁在单循环各阶段和循环加载下的应力应变分布,对计算结果进行后处理,得到了推力室内壁失效时的循环次数。结果表明,推力室内壁在循环热和机械载荷作用下向推力室内鼓起和变薄,喉部上游冷却通道中心最先失效。     

液体火箭发动机推力室内壁寿命预估

为了分析推力室内壁失效机理及准确预估推力室内壁寿命,对推力室进行流-热-固耦合计算.流-热耦合为热-固耦合提供准确的热和机械载荷,热-固耦合模型对推力室内壁在循环加载下的变形进行非线性平面应变有限元分析.通过计算,得到了推力室内壁在单循环各阶段的应力-应变分布和循环加载下的变形过程,并进行了寿命预估.结果表明:采用的流-固耦合策略能准确地实现流-热耦合模块向热-固耦合模块的载荷传递,能为结构分析提供准确的边界条件.在预冷、后冷和松弛阶段,内壁承受拉应力;在工作阶段,内壁承受压应力.随着循环次数的增加,内壁残余应力和应变不断增大,内壁向燃烧室内鼓起和不断变薄,冷却通道中心最先失效.所采用的分析模型能够模拟内壁在循环热和机械载荷下的变形过程,用于预估推力室内壁的循环寿命.      

液体火箭发动机推力室可重复使用技术

为了验证液体火箭发动机推力室可重复使用技术,采用流-固耦合方法对推力室内壁材料、外壁厚度、冷却通道高宽比等影响推力室内壁寿命的因素进行了数值模拟.通过计算,得到了推力室内壁在不同内壁材料、不同外套厚度、不同冷却通道高宽比下单循环各阶段的应力、应变分布,对计算结果进行后处理,得到了内壁损伤.结果表明,采用高强度及延展性内壁材料、低刚性外套、大冷却通道高宽比可以减小推力室内壁损伤,延长推力室内壁使用寿命.      

液体火箭发动机推力室壁瞬态加载三维热结构分析

为了预测再生冷却液体火箭发动机推力室壁的应变分布,研究内壁失效机理,使用有限元法对推力室壁进行了三维瞬态热分析,在瞬态热分析结果的基础上采用多线性随动硬化模型对推力室壁进行了三维弹塑性结构分析。计算结果表明,多线性随动硬化模型能够准确地模拟推力室内壁材料的应力-应变关系;内壁温度达到稳态的时间相比外壁要短得多,在预冷、试车和后冷开始约0.1s后内壁温度便已经接近稳态;瞬态加载三维热结构分析能够确定推力室内壁最先失效的危险点的位置在喉部上游冷却通道中心;推力室壁瞬态加载三维热结构分析得到的最大残余应变比稳态加载大15.7%。     

全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却技术研究

将层板式大高宽比、薄壁、弹性冷却内衬等新技术采用到全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却设计上,结合全流量发动机工作特点,建立了冷却通道准一维换热和二维数学模型,得到了推力室轴向热参数分布和危险截面冷却通道的温度场和应力场,得出了采用推力室再生冷却新技术相对于传统模式可以较大地降低推力室喉部内壁温、内衬最大等效应力和冷却压降,从而提高推力室寿命及发动机性能的结论,并初步设计出大推力全流量补燃循环发动机推力室再生冷却结构.      

通道深宽比对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却的影响

应用湍流模型对液体推进剂火箭发动机再生冷却推力室通道的流动与传热进行了三维数值模拟, 冷却工质为氢气, 其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化, 冷却剂比热容及金属固体物性随着温度而变化.计算采用标准k-ε两方程湍流模型及气-固耦合算法.保持再生冷却通道个数及冷却工质进口流量不变, 通过改变通道肋壁厚度来改变冷却通道深宽比, 研究不同深宽比对推力室壁面再生冷却效果的影响规律.计算结果表明:增加通道深宽比对推力室壁面能够起到强化传热的作用, 但同时也增加了冷却通道的进出口压差.这是由于冷却工质流速的增高, 从而提高了推力室传热系数.随着深宽比不断增加, 推力室再生冷却效果趋于饱和, 而冷却工质进出口压降则不断上升.      

液体火箭发动机再生冷却槽寿命预估

基于有限元热结构耦合计算结果分析了液体火箭发动机再生冷却槽的失效形式,并分别采用Porowski模型及其蠕变修正模型对冷却槽进行寿命预估.结果表明冷却槽寿命主要取决于塑性拉伸不稳定失效;蠕变对寿命有一定影响,是寿命预估不可或缺的一部分;减小外壳与内壁的温差幅值、增大每个冷却槽的肋宽比或增加冷却槽数目可以延长寿命.该寿命预估方法可用于指导可重复使用液体火箭发动机再生冷却槽设计.      

液体火箭发动机再生冷却结构弹塑性分析

为了分析推力室壁应力和变形分布情况,研究推力室失效位置和失效机理,建立了一种弹塑性有限元分析方法。建立推力室一维流动传热模型,为结构弹塑性分析提供输入。进一步建立推力室壁在温度和压强载荷下的二维弹塑性计算模型,分析了在预冷-工作-后冷-关机的工作循环下推力室壁的应力应变响应,比较了温度载荷和压强载荷的作用程度,并预估了推力室使用寿命。结果表明：推力室壁产生的弹塑性变形是由温度载荷和压强载荷共同作用所致,温度载荷起主导作用。推力室内壁冷却通道中心位置最先发生失效破坏,限制了推力室的使用寿命。从计算时间和准确性来说,该方法能够为再生冷却通道的优化设计和性能估算提供参考。     

液体火箭发动机推力室复合冷却流动与传热研究

为了预测液体火箭发动机推力室的复合冷却性能,建立了推力室再生冷却通道和超临界氢的三维仿真模型以及推力室内燃气和超临界氢膜的轴对称二维仿真模型。通过边界耦合发展了液体火箭发动机推力室复合冷却流动与传热的数值仿真方法。对航天飞机主发动机推力室内部燃气、超临界冷却膜、室壁和再生冷却剂进行了流动与传热耦合计算仿真研究。研究表明,仿真方法可较好地预测推力室燃气及再生冷却剂的流动和传热,计算得到航天飞机主发动机的燃气侧壁面最高热流密度为129MW/m2,最高壁温为885K,冷却剂温升为192K,压降为8.8MPa,结果与已有数据吻合较好。模型和仿真方法可用于液体火箭发动机推力室冷却系统传热计算和冷却结构的优化设计。     

液体火箭发动机推力室冷却通道传热优化计算

采用标准K-ε两方程湍流模型对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却通道三维湍流流动与传热过程进行了数值预测，冷却工质为氢气，其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化，通过两种优化方案来改变推力室冷却通道的深宽比。方案一为保持冷却通道的深度及肋宽不变，通过改变推力室壁面通道个数来改变通道的深宽比，方案二为保持通道数目不变，通过增加或降低通道高度来改变通道的深宽比。以此计算在不同通道深宽比下推力室壁面的传热特性，并进行了优化分析。计算结果表明：存在着一个最佳冷却通道个数，使得推力室壁面再生冷却效果达到最佳；在相同质量流量下，降低通道高度能够强化推力室传热，但同时增加了进出口压差。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.