扰流片式推力矢量喷管气动特性数值模拟研究

为了满足工程应用中扰流片式推力矢量喷管控制率建模以及优化设计的需求,本文选取了三种几何外形的扰流片,并通过数值模拟手段,研究了扰流片几何形状对于轴对称喷管推力矢量气动特性的影响规律,提出了减小扰流片推力损失的设计方法。数值模拟结果表明,推力矢量角与推力损失系数都随着扰流片插入高度的增加而增加;对于矩形扰流片,可以通过增加扰流片宽度的方式减小推力损失,对于扇形扰流片,可以通过减小上圆弧圆心与扇形顶点距离的方式减小推力损失;在插入高度及面积一定时,对比不同形状的扰流片,弧顶矩形扰流片的推力矢量角及推力损失系数均为最大,圆形扰流片均为最小。     

燃气扰流片气动控制力特性研究

新一代先进型格斗空空导弹都广泛采用了推力矢量控制系统(TVC),扰流片式推力矢量控制装置是实现这一功能的重要技术之一。本文利用气动力计算理论,研究扰流片产生的侧向控制力以及轴向推力损失,同时研究了扰流片伸入高度、阻塞面积、喷管扩张半角等因素的影响,得到了一些重要结论。     

喷管面积比对推力矢量发动机特性的影响

针对矢量喷管出口面积独立无极可调控制的特点,采用数值仿真分析了偏转状态喷管面积比对矢量特性的影响机理,通过整机地面台架和高空台专项试验,获取了不同喷管面积比下推力性能、偏转推力损失、偏转效率、发动机匹配特性等数据。结果表明：非偏转状态发动机产生最大推力的喷管面积比小于气流完全膨胀对应的理论喷管面积比。发动机偏转推力损失随几何矢量角增加而增大,喷管面积比对偏转推力损失影响较小。地面台架状态相同几何矢量角下,矢量偏转效率随着喷管面积比的增大而降低,当喷管面积比达到一定值时,会出现气流分离使偏转效率进一步降低。在相同几何矢量角下,随着喷管面积比的增大,发动机节流状态转差减小,风扇工作线下移,靠近非偏转状态工作线,风扇裕度增加,工程应用中偏转状态的扩稳措施应考虑与喷管面积比的关联。     

矢量喷管偏转对发动机推力的影响

建立了轴对称矢量喷管数学模型和带这种矢量喷的发动机数学模型,研究了矢量喷管偏转时引起的发动机推力的变化。研究结果表明：喷管有的效矢量角与几何矢量角近似成正比;喷管偏转角较小时,喷管的流量系数及发动机的总推力几乎不同几何矢量角变化,喷管偏转角较大时,喷管的流量系数及发动机的总推力随和何矢量角的增大三小;发动机的轴向推力随着几何矢量角的增大而减小,发动机的侧向推力随着几何矢量角的增大而增大。     

矢量喷管控制对发动机性能的影响

建立了带推力矢量的涡扇发动机数学模型。结合某型涡扇发动机研究了矢量喷管偏转对发动机工作和性能的影响,研究结果表明,矢量喷管偏转时,在一定条件下,发动机低压转子共同工作线向喘振边界移动,而高压转子共同工作线不发生变化,发动机总推力是增大的。但当将矢量喷管偏转与喉部面积放大相结合,可使发动机保持原工作状态不变,而发动机总推力却随着几何矢量角的增大而减小。      

基于微型涡喷发动机热喷流的无源流体推力矢量喷管的控制规律

流体推力矢量喷管型面固定、活动部件少、结构重量轻，能够为高机动飞行器提供有效的飞行控制手段，但无源流体推力矢量喷管热喷流的偏转控制规律尚未完全掌握。为了推进无源流体推力矢量技术的实用化，本文设计研制了适用于微型涡喷发动机的耐高温喷管模型，对该喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流状态下的控制规律进行研究。利用非接触光学显示和测量手段——红外热成像拍摄和粒子图像测速（PIV）技术对主射流流动特性进行研究，获得流动矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律；利用六分量盒式天平测力实验研究无源流体推力矢量喷管的力学特性，获得推力矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律。研究结果表明：该构型喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流下主射流连续可控偏转，最大流动矢量角为-12.3°/12.3°，最大推力矢量角为-12.9°/12.8°，控制规律接近线性，不存在主射流偏转突跳问题。     

三轴承旋转喷管矢量偏转规律及流场特性研究

基于短距/垂直起降战斗机用三轴承旋转喷管的特殊设计要求,通过几何约束条件开展了三轴承旋转喷管型面设计方法及运动规律推导与研究,研究了非线性和线性两种喷管矢量角控制规律下的三段筒体随时间的旋转规律。根据小型涡轮喷气发动机的几何尺寸,利用发展的型面设计方法和喷管筒体旋转规律,设计了小尺寸三轴承旋转喷管,并利用CFD数值模拟技术对该喷管的流场特性进行了计算与分析。通过CFD数值模拟技术得到了不同矢量角下喷管的三维流动特性及不同落压比下的气动特性。结果表明:采用喷管矢量角非线性控制规律可以减少非线性控制变量,保证喷管机动性的前提下减小了喷管的设计难度和控制复杂度;基于小型涡轮喷气发动机设计的三轴承旋转喷管0°的推力系数较理想喷管低,90°的推力系数较理想喷管高,喷管在地面最大落压比下0°比90°推力系数高约1%。     

喷管偏转对航空发动机特性影响的试验

通过整机地面试验的方法,对喷管偏转后发动机不同工作状态下各参数的分析,获得了矢量偏转时发动机推力损失、偏转效率、发动机工作特性变化等数据.试验结果表明:在相同高压转速下,随着几何矢量角的增大,发动机的推力损失增大,偏转效率先增大后减小;在相同几何矢量角下,随着转速的增加,发动机推力损失经历由增大到减小的过程,矢量喷管的偏转效率增大,但偏转效率均小于1;节流状态时发动机转速差随着几何矢量角的增大而增大,中间状态时发动机转速差不受几何矢量角的影响;发动机节流状态时的矢量偏转使风扇工作线上移,风扇裕度减小,工程应用中需考虑扩稳措施.      

S弯D形矢量喷管参数化设计及气动特性研究

为了满足战机对垂直/短距起降能力的要求,基于曲率控制方法对具有D形出口的S弯喷管进行参数化设计,进而可实现喷管尾段的大角度偏转。随后对不同偏转角、落压比以及设计参数的S弯D形矢量喷管气动特性进行数值模拟,对比并分析了喷管的气动特性。计算结果显示：无偏转条件下,随着落压比π从1.5增大至3.5,喷管流量系数先增大后平稳,在π=2.5时达到最大值,推力系数先增大后减小,且推力方向为飞行器产生一定的抬头力矩;落压比恒定时,随着偏转角度从0°增大至90°,喷管流量系数、推力系数下降,矢量超前角由负值不断增大至+6°左右;设计参数中预留偏转角对喷管气动性能影响较大,而S弯中心线控制系数对气动性能影响较小。本文提出的S弯D形喷管具有较好的气动性能,小偏转角度下矢量角变化趋势较为一致,亦可通过出口段偏转实现发动机推力的大角度矢量偏转。     

燃气喷射推力矢量喷管气固两相流数值模拟

利用Euler-Lagrangian方法模拟了固体火箭发动机燃气喷射推力矢量喷管气固两相内流场,研究了固体颗粒对喷管推力矢量性能的影响.气相采用Roe格式和MUSCL (monotone upstream-centred schemes for conservation laws)插值进行空间2阶迎风离散,时间推进采用隐式时间格式;固体颗粒相采用随机轨道模型计算颗粒轨迹,并与气相进行双向耦合.结果表明:固体颗粒的存在使弓形激波强度增强,但降低了推力矢量角和推力系数;颗粒质量分数相同时,粒径越大,推力矢量角和推力系数越大;颗粒直径相同时,颗粒质量分数越大,推力矢量角和推力系数越小.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.