基于小裂纹的2024-T3铝合金中心孔试样疲劳寿命预测

对2024-T3铝合金板材中心孔试样进行了疲劳裂纹扩展行为及寿命预测的理论和试验研究.采用疲劳条带与显微镜观测相结合的办法获得试样在块谱作用下孔边自然萌生裂纹扩展的α-N数据,并通过对断口的SEM观察获取试样的初始缺陷形状.利用基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析程序FASTRAN3.9对试样α-N数据进行反推,建立了描述孔边裂纹细节原始疲劳质量的当量初始缺陷尺寸(EIFS)分布.以该分布为基础,采用FASTRAN3.9对试样进行了恒幅载荷下试样的中值疲劳S-N曲线的预测,预测结果与试验验证结果吻合较好.     

氩弧焊接接头疲劳寿命预测

对TA15钛合金板材进行氩弧焊对接焊后,加工成光滑疲劳试件进行R=0.5,0.06的高周疲劳SN曲线测试。试验后对试样断口进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析发现,疲劳源大多位于焊接区域的气孔或夹杂等焊接缺陷处。以焊接处微观结构缺陷尺寸作为初始裂纹尺寸,采用基于裂纹闭合的全寿命预测模型,以焊接区域不同位置的长裂纹扩展速率曲线作为基线,利用J.C.Newman的FASTRANII软件对焊接接头试件的疲劳寿命进行预测,发现采用焊缝边缘处的长裂纹扩展曲线预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

考虑裂纹形状变化的TC4钛合金振动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测

对TC4板材试件进行振动疲劳裂纹扩展试验,测得裂纹扩展寿命与裂纹长度之间的关系.使用超景深显微镜对裂纹形状进行观测和分析,拟合裂纹形状参数.将拟合表达式应用于应力强度因子幅值的计算中,并对裂纹扩展寿命进行预测.结果显示:裂纹形状参数对预测结果影响较大.当该参数取定值时,预测结果与试验结果误差较大.而所拟合的拟合表达式可以简单、准确地预测裂纹扩展寿命.      

扩散连接界面缺陷对Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能的影响

研究了φ4mm与φ2mm的扩散连接界面缺陷对Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能的影响。当拉伸载荷方向与缺陷平面平行时,材料的强度与塑性与无缺陷材料相当,这是由于此类缺陷对样品受力截面的面积几乎没有影响。含有φ4mm缺陷试样的拉压疲劳寿命展现出很大的分散性,界面缺陷并未成为裂纹萌生的唯一位置。从表面起裂的样品均处于高寿命区域,而绝大部分从缺陷处起裂的样品均落于低寿命区域。有限元分析表明,当缺陷位于中心位置时其引起的应力集中较小,应力分布梯度较小;缺陷位于边缘位置时,应力集中效应增大。     

纤维金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命预测的唯象模型

以纤维金属层板疲劳裂纹稳定扩展的特性为基础,提出了纤维金属层板等效裂纹长度（l0）的概念,导出了纤维金属层板疲劳过程中的有效应力强度因子方程,建立了纤维金属层板等幅疲劳下疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命预测的唯象模型。它不仅适用于中心裂纹,同时也适用于边缘裂纹。用唯象模型对2/1GLARE和3/2GLARE层板的CCT试样和SENT试样进行了寿命预测,并与试验结果进行了对比。当裂纹从锯切裂纹尖端扩展到试样宽度的80%时,对于GLARE层板的CCT试样,2/1GLARE层板的预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.05,3/2GLARE层板的预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.07.对于GLARE层板的SENT试样,预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.12.唯象模型不仅预测结果可靠,精度高,而且都是解析运算,非常方便。唯象模型的提出使得纤维金属层板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和寿命的预测变得跟金属材料一样方便,因此具有重要的工程应用价值。     

销钉接触对电位法测试精度影响的边界元分析

 用边界元法分析了销钉接触对3种电流输入方式下紧凑拉伸试样的电位函数影响。结果表明,销钉接触对电位测试精度有显著影响。试验中应首先考虑对俏钉孔进行绝缘。当不可能对销钉孔进行绝缘时,应对电位函数进行修正或变换电流输入位置。     

镍基高温合金GH4169小裂纹早期扩展的原位疲劳试验

通过原位扫描电子显微镜(SEM)疲劳试验,研究了直接时效GH4169高温合金在室温下的疲劳小裂纹萌生和早期扩展过程.结果表明:在应力比R=0.1的拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下,疲劳小裂纹的萌生寿命仅为全寿命的20%左右.疲劳小裂纹起源于表面夹杂,以半椭圆表面裂纹形状扩展,扩展后期穿透试样一侧形成角裂纹,角裂纹迅速扩展导致试样断裂.疲劳小裂纹的早期扩展易受局部微观结构的影响,扩展速率分散性较大.      

钛合金超高周疲劳性能试验研究

采用ANSYS软件进行模态分析和谐响应分析,确定钛合金(TC17)试样尺寸和试验加载频率。利用弯曲疲劳试验系统进行试样在室温20kHz条件下的超高周疲劳试验。通过分析试验数据,计算得到p-S-N曲线,发现在大于107循环时,试样不存在传统意义上的疲劳极限。运用Paris模型从理论上计算得到钛合金(TC17)试样裂纹扩展寿命,发现其不超过中值疲劳寿命的2.1%。     

紧拉型试样的电位场及其在裂纹扩展试验中的应用

疲劳裂纹扩展是预测结构疲劳寿命所必需的基本力学性能之一,而要取得有用的裂纹扩展速率数据,必有可靠的裂纹检测分析方法。在常温下,直读、柔度、涡流、超声、电阻及电位等方法均可应用,但在航空及其他动力装置用高温材料的试验研究中,则几乎只有紧拉（CT）试样的电位法可供使用。因此,较全面地分析CT型试样的电位分布,探讨优先的试验方案和给出相应的裂纹电位标定函数是非常必要的。     

复杂环境下的三维疲劳断裂

 以三维弹塑性断裂理论为基础,对复杂载荷、复杂环境作用下的金属材料和结构的疲劳、断裂的若干关键问题进行了概要分析。给出了由材料性能试验的标准试样结果预测结构中一般形态缺陷的三维破坏的最新结果,获得了对不同载荷条件下腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的统一描述,介绍了由裂纹扩展基准曲线预测谱载腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的最新进展,对结构服役寿命/日历寿命研究方法作了探讨。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.