天问一号探测器耐高温蜂窝夹层结构选材与性能研究

针对天问一号火星探测器耐高温大承载复合材料蜂窝夹层结构应用需求,基于材料匹配设计和工艺可行原则,提出了氰酸酯树脂体系的复合材料蜂窝夹层结构。通过比较不同后处理工艺下M40J/BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料高温层间剪切性能,发现BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料经200℃下3～5 h后处理可获得较佳的高温使用性能。经200℃下4 h后处理的M40J/BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料,在170℃下各项力学性能保持率均达到室温测试值的80%以上。板芯胶高温力学性能测试以及其对夹层结构高温承载性能的影响研究表明,氰酸酯体系的J-245C、J-389B两种板芯胶在温度不超过200℃时均具有足够协调板芯变形及传递板芯间载荷的能力,但高温下胶黏剂的性能退化会造成夹层结构刚度的退化。天问一号探测器蜂窝夹层结构典型单元在高温下的弯曲性能、侧向压缩性能测试结果表明,碳纤维氰酸酯基复合材料铝蜂窝夹层结构具备耐170℃高温下大承载的能力。     

湿热老化对T700/3234复合材料力学性能影响研究

在室温及70℃条件下对单向T700/3234复合材料进行了湿热老化试验,分别测试了经历不同吸湿时间后材料的吸湿率、层间剪切强度和弯曲强度,并且利用扫描电镜(SEM)对力学性能试样的断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明,吸湿温度越高,饱和吸湿率越高.T700/3234复合材料具有良好的耐湿热性能,其层间剪切强度、弯曲强度保持率分别为69.33％和76.06％.吸湿使界面出现一定程度的脱粘是导致其力学性能下降的主要原因.     

一种新型蜂窝夹层结构防热材料

针对实际使用的热环境要求,提出了多种防热结构材料及结构方案.通过石英灯加热试验对其防热性能进行了考核验证.考察了防热涂层、样件结构形式以及材料种类对试验件防热性能的影响.结果表明,防热涂层可显著降低防热试验件的背温,最高降幅达241℃;相对于传统的玻璃纤维/酚醛层压板结构,在满足防热要求的同时,新型蜂窝夹层结构的面密度较低,仅为层压板的50％左右,具有明显的减重优势,其中聚酰亚胺面板的蜂窝夹层结构的面密度仅为酚醛玻璃钢面板夹层结构的80％,其表面加防热涂层样件的背温仅为246℃.     

A 型蜂窝夹层结构平板基本力学性能

研究了以NH-1-2.75-72 Nomex蜂窝为芯层、SW-110A/5258高温固化环氧树脂玻璃布预浸料为蒙皮材料的A型蜂窝夹层结构平板基本力学性能.A型蜂窝夹层结构平板采用热压罐一次固化成型.测试了A型蜂窝夹层结构平板的弯曲、侧压、拉剪及滚筒剥离性能.结果表明:A型蜂窝夹层结构平板基本力学性能满足耐高温机载天线罩和卫星整流罩的设计要求.     

纤维增强基于α-BPDA 聚酰亚胺复合材料性能

为了考察基于α-BPDA聚酰亚胺复合材料的高温性能,制备了纤维增强复合材料,进行了高温力学和热物理性能的测试。研究结果表明纤维增强复合材料的T5d分解温度为565℃;Tg超过471℃;在450℃下的弯曲强度保持率大于42%,弯曲模量保持率大于55%,短梁剪切强度保持率超过44%;400℃空气热老化50 h后碳纤维复合材料的弯曲强度保持率66%,弯曲模量保持率为95%;300、500℃的石英增强复合材料的热导率分别为0.503和0.657 W/(m.K)。     

RTM 用耐高温R802 树脂工艺及性能

研究了RTM用耐高温R802邻苯二甲腈树脂黏度随温度、时间的变化,不同升温速率下的DSC特性,常、高温复合材料弯曲、层间剪切强度、树脂与纤维的界面等。黏度随时间变化曲线表明,其140℃下RTM工艺窗口不少于180 min;DSC曲线表明,在180℃时开始凝胶,固化温度203℃,后处理温度256℃;力学性能测试结果表明,R802/MT300复合材料200℃下弯曲强度保持率为103.8%,500℃下弯曲强度保持率为41.1%,300℃下层间剪切强度较常温提高18%,500℃下层间剪切强度保持率为44%,其树脂与纤维结合良好。     

植物纤维纸蜂窝的性能研究

以植物纤维纸为原材料制备了正六边形纸蜂窝,测试了其力学性能、阻燃性能以及吸水性能,并用金相显微镜观察了蜂窝芯截面微观结构。结果表明植物纤维纸蜂窝芯的压缩强度和L向剪切强度低于间位芳纶纸蜂窝,但满足Q/6S 1015-2005标准的指标;植物纤维纸蜂窝平均烧焦长度35mm,D_(m,240)为16.2;规格1.83-48的蜂窝芯吸湿率为5.5%,吸湿后压缩强度保持率为87.6%;植物蜂窝芯的树脂浸入到纸张内部,导致蜂窝孔壁厚度比芳纶蜂窝薄,节点处胶柱面积小。     

发动机燃烧室内壁材料热环境的气动热试验模拟技术研究

利用超声速矩形湍流导管和等离子电弧加热器模拟了发动机燃烧室内流和高超声速飞行器外壁面外流热环境,进行了平板表面冷壁热流测量和燃烧室内壁材料考核试验。结果表明:由于辐射换热的影响,在选取的两个典型来流条件下,发动机燃烧室内流热环境下的冷壁热流比外流热环境下的高出21%和40%,但是冷壁热流的增量基本相当,约为0.70～0.80MW/m2。随着冷壁热流的增加,辐射换热产生的热流增量的影响力会逐渐减小。材料考核时,相同配方的C/SiC复合材料在内流热环境下的表面温度高出约400℃,背面温度高出约90℃,这种差异对于发动机燃烧室内壁面材料考核至关重要,必须在材料考核试验中加以考虑。     

蜂窝夹层边缘斜削区强度仿真分析

蜂窝夹层在航空器结构尤其是直升机结构中有着广泛的应用，其中边缘闭合是夹层结构设计的特有问题，采用斜削结构过渡并与其它结构实现连接是一种典型的形式，考虑到蜂窝夹层结构在成型中斜削区施加压力的不均匀性，在斜削区与蜂窝芯子通过膨胀胶膜胶接从而避免结构脱粘，但在高温影响下膨胀胶膜的力学性能出现降低，导致蜂窝夹层边缘斜削区位置粘接强度受到影响，从而影响到整个蜂窝夹层结构边缘的传力,利用静强度分析了在常温使用条件下斜削区膨胀胶膜完全起作用下蜂窝夹层边缘的应力分布，考虑到胶膜在120℃使用环境下管剪切性能降低的情况，利用热力耦合的方法分析了在120℃使用环境下蜂窝夹层边缘的应力情况，计算结果表明在高温状态膨胀胶膜不起作用的情况下蜂窝夹层结构边缘斜削区仍满足强度要求。     

国产中温固化热破胶膜性能

考察了一种适用于卫星太阳翼基板的国产中温固化胶膜的胶接性能和热破工艺性,并分别采用国产和进口胶膜,利用胶膜热破施胶方法制备了碳纤维网格面板/铝蜂窝芯夹层结构,对其弯曲性能进行评价。结果表明,国产胶膜的室温拉伸剪切强度（铝基材）为34.9 MPa,150 ℃时拉伸剪切强度降为10.2 MPa,-150 ℃时拉伸剪切强度降为30.4 MPa。碳纤维复合材料作为胶接基材时,室温拉伸剪切强度为17.5 MPa,破坏模式为基材分层破坏和胶黏剂内聚破坏的混合破坏模式。国产胶膜具有良好的热破工艺特性,在合适的工艺条件下,破孔率优于99.9%,90°板-芯剥离强度为15.4 N/cm;采用国产胶膜制备的蜂窝夹层结构的弯曲性能与采用进口Redux312UL的接近,弯曲刚度为1.94×10⁸ N·mm²,弯曲强度为35.7 MPa。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.