Vertical test integration

Today, most every weapon system is electronics intensive. Digital computers are at the core of military aircraft, ship, and vehicle weapons systems. Indeed, each weapon system's performance is largely determined by its digital computers and other electronics. This electronics dependency is necessary in order to provide the speed, functional compliance, and accuracy to achieve the required weapon system performance. Historically, test systems required for the various maintenance levels and also at the manufacturing site have each been uniquely developed, employed, and sustained for only one area of weapon system electronics support. There are a number of reasons for this situation including different organizations responsible for the levels of support, different funding sources, timing limitations, and technical feasibility. In recent years, however, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) advances in measurement and stimulation hardware, personal computers, Windows operating systems, flexible test programming languages, and more, have made it technically feasible to develop a family of test systems that provide common weapon system electronics support at all levels. Some use the phrase Vertical Test Integration to describe this concept of factory/field/depot integration     

软件再工程理论应用研究

软件再工程通过逆向工程、重构和正向工程几个环节,将现存系统开发成新的系统,是有效利用原有系统的现实可行的方法。本文研究了软件再工程的基本概念和目标、再工程的基本框架等理论;介绍了对某显控计算机软件的分析、重构和验证等内容。     

飞机作战生存力分析方法研究进展与挑战

军用飞机在执行作战任务过程中,常常会与武器系统遭遇,如何分析其生存能力从而进行改进设计一直是航空领域的研究难点。回顾了作战生存力研究的历史与现状,从敏感性计算和易损性计算两方面总结了生存力的定量分析方法,重点综述了基本信号探测敏感性模型、雷达对抗下的敏感性模型、红外对抗下的敏感性模型,以及部件间弹道遮挡关系确定、部件毁伤测度与判据、重叠及高维空间易损性计算、薄弱部位确定方法等方面取得的新进展。在此基础上,针对未来体系对抗与先进武器环境,提出了生存力研究需要关注和解决的问题,包括网络与信息战下的敏感性分析、敏感性对抗装置的效益代价与权衡设计、部件易损性毁伤机理与判据、先进武器及多因素耦合下的易损性分析以及大数据背景下的性能降级易损性研究等。     

碳纤维复合材料在发射装置上的应用研究

机载弹射发射装置轻量化设计是现阶段机载武器系统重要的研究课题和难题,碳纤维复合材料应用于制造具有复杂外形的承力结构件,对于航空武器的轻量化设计具有重要意义。选取机载弹射发射装置的典型结构作为研究对象,首先通过结构优化设计和RTM成型工艺获得复合材料结构件;然后,经过各项结构件的试验和整机试验验证,结合应变测量数据,证明其强度满足设计要求,且获得了显著的减重效果。通过对复合材料典型结构件的研究,为其在发射装置领域的应用提供理论指导和依据。     

内埋武器机弹分离相容性研究进展综述

为满足新型有人或无人作战飞机高隐身、高速和高机动性等要求，作战飞机普遍采用武器内埋挂载方式。当高速气流流过内埋武器舱的空腔时，将引发边界层分离、舱口附近会存在复杂的剪切流动、舱内会产生极为恶劣的噪声环境等非定常流动现象，这些复杂的非定常流动现象严重影响内埋武器机弹分离相容性（ASSC）。首先，给出内埋武器机弹分离相容性的重要研究意义；接着，重点介绍内埋武器机弹分离相容性的研究进展；最后，论述和总结了国内外采用4种方法（理论分析与建模、风洞试验、数值模拟和飞行试验）研究内埋武器机弹分离相容性及其流动控制方法的进展，指出内埋武器机弹分离相容研究存在的主要问题，并给出几点建议。     

Airborne platform capability assessment

It is expected that the multimode weapons systems of the future will be highly fault tolerant, possessing the ability to perform tactical missions with both full or degraded functional capabilities. The fault-tolerant system characteristics will allow systems with less than the fully specified functional capabilities to be engaging in combat. This design feature will present the operators of these weapons system with the operational challenge of selecting and/or assigning weapons platforms with degraded capabilities to carry out tactical missions. An in-system assessment process is proposed to evaluate the operability for these weapons platforms on the basis of current functional status, the reliability of the hardware resources within the system's avionics, and the resources required by the various application modes to accomplish mission tasks     

Integrated Avionics: Watershed in Systems Development

For aeronautical weapon systems now entering development, avionics will equal or surpass airframe, propulsion, and weapons in establishing system effectiveness, both in terms of mission accomplishment and in terms of reliability, availability, supportability, and life cycle cost. Emerging technologies created the opportunity to satisfy demanding operational needs and to provide the means to upgrade systems against an evolving threat. This requires, however, basic changes in the skills, design methods, and constraints applied to avionics development. This paper highlights trends in avionics technology and systems and suggests some of the new ground rules which must be imposed to realize their full potential. Avionics considerations must be a central element of system development from the very outset, and the process of conceptual planning and program estimation must take the new realities of avionics into account.     

导弹武器系统采办费用估算有关问题分析

针对导弹武器系统采办费用估算的研究现状,分析比较了目前国内外各种导弹武器系统采办费用估算方法和估算模型,指出了在导弹武器系统采办费用估算过程中应注意的问题。     

虚拟战场环境中大气环境的研究与应用

为全面的体现各种自然环境条件对武器系统的影响，准确的进行武器系统性能的评测和效能的评估，在虚拟战场环境除了构造各种武器平台仿真实体外，还需对各种武器平台进行的陆地，海洋，空间环境进行逼真的表示和描述，重点介绍了大气环境的数值模拟和环境数据在虚拟战场环境中的表示，并基于HLA/RTI协议标准构建了一个大气环境服务器，最后介绍了其在虚拟战场环境中的应用。     

AEGIS ORTS-the first and future ultimate integrated diagnosticssystem

The AEGIS Weapon System's Operational Readiness Test System (ORTS) was the predecessor to current Integrated Diagnostic Systems. Evolving from cost effective, diagnostic mix modeling and analysis, it optimally integrated the diagnostic apparatus of the era with AEGIS weapons. As such system's target the 21st century, more complete integration can be achieved. An entire ship, including weapon system, hull mechanical and electrical systems, and propulsion systems can be serviced by a single Integrated Diagnostic System     

Convergence on two-level maintenance

The US Department of Defense is seeking an integrated maintenance methodology that provides increased operational availability of weapons systems with a reduced logistics pipeline. In this context the author discusses a systems engineering methodology for newly designed systems and a transition plan for existing systems that will accommodate two levels of maintenance. The first level will encompass an onboard monitoring and diagnostics system that will monitor the health status of the weapons system and initiate diagnostic procedures as abnormalities arise. The second level will consist of low-cost mission-specific suitcase testers     

Enhancing Maintainability of the AWG-10 Through Built-In-Test Equipment

Multimode airborne weapons systems are now a reality. Because of the increased complexity of these systems, excessive maintenance time has become a problem. This paper describes an approach to reducing maintenance time through the use of semiautomatic built-in-test equipment within the framework of an integrated maintenance program. Emphasis is placed on the methods and hardware involved in the built-in-test mechanization as well as describing the development history of this type of maintenance concept.     

Theater battle management core system lessons for systems engineers

The difficulties encountered during development of the theater battle management core system (TBMCS) provide lessons for systems engineering of large-scale, software-intensive systems. The absence of formal requirements and oversight, coupled with strong pressure for rapid deployment, caused the program to fail its first operational tests and actually delayed its deployment to the Held. The lack of measurable requirements and the need to integrate multiple third-party products and systems made it impossible to establish a system baseline and to test TBMCS in realistic conditions. Thus, significant problems manifested themselves only during official government tests. Moreover, despite nominal authority, the lead contractor had little or no control over the government-furnished elements and commercial off-the-shelf products that TBMCS was to incorporate. Experience with TBMCS leads to several conclusions. First, the more complex a system, the greater the need for rigor and discipline in engineering processes. Second, well-defined requirements are essential. Third, mandating the incorporation of specific third-party hardware or software may create severe problems for system development. Other lessons highlight the importance of open standards in a heterogeneous information technology environment and of layering with well-defined interfaces to facilitate integration and system evolution     

The aerodynamic design of multi-element high-lift systems for transport airplanes

High-lift systems have a major influence on the sizing, economics, and safety of most transport airplane configurations. The combination of complexity in flow physics, geometry, and system support and actuation has historically led to a lengthy and experiment intensive development process. However, during the recent past engineering design has changed significantly as a result of rapid developments in computational hardware and software. In aerodynamic design, computational methods are slowly superseding empirical methods and design engineers are spending more and more time applying computational tools instead of conducting physical experiments to design and analyze aircraft including their high-lift systems. The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in aerodynamic design and analysis methods for multi-element high-lift systems on transport airplanes. Attention is also paid to the associated mechanical and cost problems since a multi-element high-lift system must be as simple and economical as possible while meeting the required aerodynamic performance levels.     

Integrated Diagnostics: The Navy Perspective

As part of the DOD Logistics Research and Development Program, the Navy is embarking on the development of an Integrated Diagnostics Support System. This System is composed of a number of diagnostic design tools, which are aimed at automating the diagnostic design process. When completed, the tools will be utilized in a comprehensive integrated diagnostic demonstration project applied to a Naval weapon system. The last three years have been characterized by increasing attention given to the definition, implementation, and evaluation of integrated diagnostics concepts. Integrated diagnostics is a structured process which maximizes the effectiveness of diagnostics by integrating pertinent elements, such as testability, automatic and manual testing, training, maintenance aiding, personnel and computer-aided engineering as a means for providing a cost-effective capability to detect and unambiguously isolate all faults known or expected to occur in weapon systems and equipment, and to satisfy weapon system mission requirements.     

卫星导航干扰与抗干扰技术综述

剖析了卫星导航中常见的干扰类别,针对卫星导航终端提出了抗干扰技术,并简要分析了其技术机理和技术特点。对抗干扰技术的工程应用有一定价值。     

内埋武器舱关键气动及声学问题研究

以风洞试验为手段,在高速风洞中对内埋武器舱关键气动问题进行了深入研究。利用静态压力测量、脉动压力测量、网格测力等测试手段,获取了典型弹舱流场静压分布特性、气动声学特性以及武器分离特性。研究结果表明：舱内静压分布变化明显,可以此定义弹舱流场类型;开式弹舱流场气动声学环境恶劣,总声压级强度可达170dB 以上,且频谱曲线上存在多个明显的能量尖峰;武器从舱内分离过程中可能产生较大的抬头力矩,影响机/弹安全分离;在弹舱前缘施以流动控制能降低舱内静压梯度、抑制气动噪声,且有利于改善武器分离特性。     

导弹武器系统时间同步网的综合性能评估方法

针对导弹武器系统时间同步网（MWSTSN）现有评估方法不全面、不客观等问题,提出了一种基于权系数优化的导弹武器系统时间同步网的综合性能评估方法。首先,基于时间同步网的工作流程与系统结构,综合分析了影响系统性能的各项指标,建立了导弹武器系统时间同步网性能的评估体系与评估模型。通过构建主、客观指标权重的分配系数最优化模型,利用层次分析法和熵值法对上述指标进行组合赋权,获取具有主、客观特性的组合权重。最后,通过案例验证上述评估过程的有效性,结果表明：该评估体系能够有效反映导弹武器系统时间同步网中各分系统及设备的可用性,并具备可测性和可操作性。     

Integrated flight/fire control for attack helicopters

It is shown that integrated flight and fire control modes, analogous to those used in fixed-wing applications, can be implemented to enhance an attack helicopter's air-to-air and air-to-ground combat effectiveness. With fly-by-wire active flight controls and state-of-the-art technology in target acquisition and tracking, integrated flight/fire control can increase firing opportunities, improve weapon accuracy and enhance survivability. Two typical applications are illustrated, using detailed simulations of the fly-by-wire controlled helicopter and associated weapons systems. The avionics architecture needed to implement an integrated system is described, and it is shown that it is achievable with straightforward extensions of designs already in place for advanced versions of the AH-64 aircraft     

机载反导拦截武器的发展与思考

考虑机载反导拦截武器在目标拦截匹配性、作战使用灵活性方面的优势,借鉴美国机载反导拦截系统在定向能和动能拦截武器两条路线的发展思路,分析机载反导拦截武器系统在空基平台、预警探测、指挥控制和拦截武器等方面的能力需求,引发依托岸基飞机平台和舰载飞机平台发展机载反导拦截武器的思考,梳理出发展机载反导拦截系统所需的关键技术,从而对反导防御体系和机载武器体系的发展具有良好的参考和借鉴价值。