High-speed avionic optical fiber CDMA networks

With applications of systems integration technology to advanced aircrafts, high-speed and high-capacity optical fiber communication networks should be employed to support airborne broadband communication services. To guarantee real-time multiuser communications over a network, the selection of medium-access schemes is critical for avionics applications. In this paper, we briefly discuss the issues on high-speed multiple-access techniques and their applicability. Then we focus on the design and operation aspects of avionic optical fiber code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. Some practical considerations on implementing such a CDMA network are also addressed and further improvement is pointed out. It is shown that avionic optical fiber CDMA networks can find a use in real-time avionic sensor data distribution, data exchange, and computer interconnects     

A Simple Real-Time Incoherent Optical Correlator

The Theory and experimental results of a simple optical correlator are given. The optical components consist only of an incoherent source, condensing, collimating, and transforming lenses, and a photodetector. For real-time operation, a reference signal on a photographic transparency is correlated with an unknown signal on an ultrasonic light modulator. The output is a function of time proportional to the correlation function's amplitude rather than the squared amplitude generated by other optical correlators. When used for correlation in radar signal processing, the optical processor may be used for both pulse coding and decoding (pulse expansion and compression) and the decoded signal is shown to be described by Woodward's ambiguity function. The experimental results demonstrated the validity of the theory in both real and scaled time. However, developmental work is still required to improve the operation.     

Aeronautical use of semiconductor lasers for short optical pulses

In this paper, we investigate the feasible schemes to generate periodic optical pulses of width between several picoseconds (ps) and tens ps. Gain-switched semiconductor laser diodes are shown to be more suitable for avionics applications than mode-locked laser diodes. In the experiment, we use a low-cost Fabry-Perot laser diode to generate short optical pulse streams. A simple optical injection-locking scheme is then used to reduce the timing jitter and frequency chirp in such laser diodes, which in turn can improve the transmission performance of the generated optical pulses. It is expected that the use of gain-switched semiconductor lasers can meet the requirement of high-speed airborne communication networks or ground supporting systems at airports. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of using the pulsed semiconductor lasers to generate millimetre-wave (mm-wave) signals for future applications to airborne high-resolution, mm-wave radars.     

Digital synthetic aperture radar processing via optical computers

A method for performing digital phase history processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data using optical computers is proposed. The method has nothing in common with the old analog optical SAR processing methods (which used lenses), but is rather a totally digital (numerical) technique for computing the individual complex pixel values based on matrix-vector multiplications. The method can be expected to greatly increase the potential processing speed and coverage possibilities of high-resolution digital SAR systems     

Design issues for MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber avionics data buses

In this paper, several design issues on highly reliable MIL-STD-1773 (or 1553B) optical fiber avionics data buses are investigated. Two optical modulation techniques are proposed for avionics data buses, and they can be used to efficiently solve the problems associated with the fast identification of correct operation states for optical transmitters while maintaining less complexity of transceivers. The implementation of the proposed techniques is discussed. We also deal with the selection of optical devices and fibers to improve the reliability and power budget of optical fiber avionics data buses. Furthermore, some future improvements on avionics data bus systems are pointed out     

基于盲源分离的Multi-Rate DS/CDMA信号 扩频序列盲估计

通过分析Multi-Rate DS/CDMA信号特性,建立的Multi-Rate DS/CDMA系统模型与线性混合的盲源分离模型一致,针对异、同步信号的不同特性,提出不同循环分段降维方法:对异步系统而言,采用2倍扩频周期为间隔对接收信号进行分割,利用Fast-ICA算法盲估计同一扩频周期用户的扩频序列,基于矢量2范数基础上估计各用户失步时间,并依此截取得到各用户的实际扩频序列,然后,循环至次大扩频周期进行盲估计,同时根据估计波形相似度归一化衡量函数消除最大周期分段序列,求解次大周期用户扩频序列,直至循环结束。对同步系统则以单倍最大扩频周期为间隔对接收信号进行分割,然后进行盲估计及降维处理。理论分析和仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

多载波DS—CDMA在数字微波通信系统中的应用

基于数字微波通信系统的特点，介绍了多载波SD-CDMA（Multicarrier-DS-CDMA,即MC-DS-CDMA）调制技术的基本原理及其应用于数字微波通信系统中的具体实现方法。从理论上详细地分析了MC-CDMA工作方式的性能，并将其与传统的数字微波通信系统进行了比较，阐明了将MC-DS-CDMA工作方式应用于数字微波通信系统的必要性。     

Optimum transmitter optics aperture for satellite opticalcommunication

An important aspect in satellite optical communication is to obtain minimum bit error rate (BER) using minimum power. This aim can be achieved with very small transmitter beam divergence angles. The disadvantages of too narrow divergence angle is that the transmitter beam may sometimes miss the receiver satellite, due to pointing vibrations. A mathematical model of communication and tracking systems that optimize the BER as function of the transmitter gain is derived     

考虑捷联导引头最小视场角约束的制导策略

针对高超声速飞行器捷联导引头,提出导引头最小视场角（FOV）约束问题。首先分析了导引头视线角变化规律,指出在攻击固定目标时,导引头最小视场角约束在弹道末段无法被满足,导引头将丢失目标。在此基础上,基于缩短导引头丢失目标距离的目标,提出一种满足导引头最小视场角约束的制导策略。该策略不依赖于末制导律形式,当最小视场角约束无法被满足时,改变原有制导指令,主动改变弹道轨迹以增加弹体视线角,避免超出视场范围。其次,针对飞行器过载约束,设计了制导策略切换点,在到达切换点时该制导策略将结束工作,避免末端过载过大超出约束。通过对比仿真验证了所提出制导策略有效性,能够大幅度减少导引头丢失目标距离,工程上有利于提高末端命中精度。     

RF optical links

RF photonic links that can be used to supplement gigahertz RF electrical transmission lines without the characteristic attenuation, induced noise, and distortion associated with long cable lengths are discussed. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) capabilites are examined in terms of available wavelengths, hardware, and spacing. Typical RF fiber-optic links at 6-18 GHz are addressed with respect to architecture and electrical and optical characteristics. A global Positioning System (GPS) fiber-optic link is presented     

Pulse Compression in Optical Radar

An analysis of the application of pulse-compression techniques in optical radar systems is presented. The particular case of pseudorandom on-off amplitude coding is chosen for ease of analysis. The roles of the siqnal and photodetector properties and the processing method are examined. The qualitative relationship between the concepts of coherent and incoherent integration in microwave radar and linear and nonlinear processing in optical radar is demonstrated, thus validating the application of pulse-compression techniques with optical signals. Finally, an experimental simulation of an optical rangefinder has been constructed to illustrate various findings of the analysis.     

风沙两相流动光学测量及图像处理技术研究进展

介绍了自风沙动力学诞生以来所使用的各类光学测量方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,针对最新光学测量技术在近代风沙两相流研究中的重要作用,着重介绍了PIV、高速数字图像测量及其图像处理技术在风沙两相流中的应用,指出光学测量在时间和空间的解析能力上的持续增长将为沙粒微观力学解析和风沙流宏观统计规律获取提供充足的支持。     

基于消息的分布式工作流执行系统研究

工作流实例的执行处于整个管理系统的核心地位.传统的工作流管理系统多是采用客户机/服务器模式的集中运行,针对这种集中式工作流执行系统,研究了分布式的工作流执行方法,结合分布计算和异步消息通讯技术,提出了一种分层的工作流调度执行系统,将集中式系统中的业务处理、通讯压力分散到各个执行节点,最后给出了一个基于J2EE的原型系统.     

一个新的实时光学图像识别系统

本文描述了一个新的实时光学图像识别系统。该系统主要是激光二极管、多换能器声光器件、电荷耦合器件以及光学透镜组成的。这个系统既不需要相干光输入图像,也不需要基准图像的付氏变换金息图。不同波段成像系统输出的实时视频图像信号和事先记录的或实时截获的基准图像均可施加给本系统。文中给出了理论分析以说明工作原理。实验结果证实这种非相干光相关器具有完成实时图像识别的能力。事实上,某些图像识别任务碰到的图像位移、尺寸、旋转不变性问题,本系统可容易地予以解决。     

基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法

在分布式多目标跟踪系统中,由于局部传感器开机时间、采样频率以及通信延迟不同等原因,导致来自各传感器的局部航迹往往是异步不等速率的。目前一般的方法是先进行时域配准再进行航迹关联,但是在同步化的过程中,航迹估计值的误差会发生传播,影响航迹关联的性能。针对此问题,提出了一种基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法。算法首先通过区间数-实数混合序列变换(IRST)得到等长度的航迹行为序列,然后定义一种新的序列差异信息度量,得到混合序列的相似度,以此进行航迹关联判定。仿真实验表明,该算法可以有效地解决异步不等速率航迹关联问题,并且通信延迟和数据乱序对算法性能的影响不明显。     

基于预处理共轭梯度法的多用户检测方法

针对准同步CDMA（码分多址）系统中解相关检测运算复杂度高以及常规CG（共轭梯度）法收敛速度慢的问题,提出了SSOR-PCG（对称超松弛预处理共轭梯度）模型求解方法。通过SSOR预处理降低了扩频码矩阵的条件数,从而提高收敛速度,减少了迭代次数。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法相对于解相关检测,运算复杂度大大降低,而误码率与解相关检测器相当;相对于共轭梯度法,收敛速度更快,有效减少了迭代次数。     

Orbital reference frame estimation with power spectral density constraints for drag-free satellites

The drag-free satellites are widely used in the field of fundamental science as they enable the high-precision measurement in pure gravity fields. This paper investigates the estimation of local orbital reference frame (LORF) for drag-free satellites. An approach, taking account of the combi-nation of the minimum estimation error and power spectral density (PSD) constraint in frequency domain, is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between eigenvalues of estimator and transfer func-tion is built to analyze the suppression and amplification effect on input signals and obtain the eigenvalue range. Secondly, an optimization model for state estimator design with minimum estima-tion error in time domain and PSD constraint in frequency domain is established. It is solved by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Finally, the orbital reference frame estimation of low-earth-orbit satellite is taken as an example, and the estimator of minimum variance with PSD constraint is designed and analyzed using the method proposed in this paper.     

The sondrestrom radar and accompanying ground-based instrumentation

The Sondrestrom radar facility, funded by the NSF Upper Atmospheric Facilities Program, is operated and managed by SRI International. The facility is located on the west coast of Greenland, just north of the Arctic Circle, near 75 deg invariant magnetic latitude. The principal instrument at the facility is the incoherent scatter radar. The incoherent scatter technique allows the direct measurement of ionospheric electron number density, ion velocity, and electron and ion temperature along the radar beam. Because the radar antenna is fully steerable these parameters can be determined as functions of horizontal distance and altitude. Additional ionospheric quantities can be derived using these measured parameters. As part of the ISTP mission, the radar will measure the spatial (horizontal and altitudinal) and temporal variations of ionospheric parameters including electron density, large scale electric field. conductivity, currents, and energy input. Repetitive measurements define variations of parameters with local time, as well.     

复合材料层板冲击损伤特性及冲击后压缩强度研究

对两种材料体系(T300/QY8911和T300/5405)/铺层的复合材料层板进行三种支持条件(冲击点无支持、梁凸缘或长桁凸缘支持和肋凸缘支持)、六种冲击能量等级的冲击损伤特性及冲击后压缩强度试验研究。讨论了冲击能量、支持条件等与冲击损伤特性和剩余压缩强度的关系,研究结果表明,冲击表面凹坑深度和冲击损伤面积可用于表征复合材料冲击损伤,而基体裂纹长度不可以用于表征冲击损伤。且随着冲击点背面支持刚度的增加,冲击所造成的损伤随之减小。随着冲击能量的增加,冲击后压缩强度随之减小。在相同的冲击能量作用下,随着冲击点背面支持刚度的增加,冲击后压缩强度也随之增加。     

An attack-immune trusted architecture for supervisory aircraft hardware

With the wide application of electronic hardware in aircraft such as air-to-ground communication, satellite communication, positioning system and so on, aircraft hardware is facing great secure pressure. Focusing on the secure problem of aircraft hardware, this paper proposes a supervisory control architecture based on secure System-on-a-Chip (SoC) system. The proposed architecture is attack-immune and trustworthy, which can support trusted escrow application and Dynamic Integrity Measurement (DIM) without interference. This architecture is characterized by a Trusted Monitoring System (TMS) hardware isolated from the Main Processor System (MPS), a secure access channel from TMS to the running memory of the MPS, and the channel is unidirectional. Based on this architecture, the DIM program running on TMS is used to measure and call the Lightweight Measurement Agent (LMA) program running on MPS. By this method, the Operating System (OS) kernel, key software and data of the MPS can be dynamically measured without disturbance, which makes it difficult for adversaries to attack through software. Besides, this architecture has been fully verified on FPGA prototype system. Compared with the existing systems, our architecture achieves higher security and is more efficient on DIM, which can fully supervise the running of application and aircraft hardware OS.