污染土壤原位生物修复技术进展

原位生物修复在治理污染土壤中的作用日益突出，因而对于原住生物修复的研究愈加受到重视。文中针对原位生物修复的发展情况分别就生物修复实例和实验室研究进展进行了综述。     

太空原位制造和修复技术研究现状分析

概述了太空原位制造和修复技术（In—situ Fabrication and Repair,ISFR）的概念和特点,并结合该技术的发展背景,介绍了国内外以选择性激光烧结和电子束熔融技术为代表的太空原位制造、空间钎焊修复、太空基地建筑构建等方向发展现状及趋势。结合我国空间技术事业发展,提出充分借鉴国外相关技术成果,围绕主要应用材料,重点开展空间环境适应性和应用验证研究,并探索利用模拟月壤开展太空原位制造技术研究的设想与建议。     

太空环境下电子束原位制造技术

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）载人探索计划的提出给载人登月和载人火星等带来了机会和风险,NASA的工程师和科学家正在开展在月球或火星表面利用当地提炼的材料进行原位制造工艺技术的研究。首先,介绍了太空原位制造和修复（ISFR）技术的概念和特点,结合该技术的发展背景,介绍了电子束原位制造技术的概念、特点以及在太空环境下应用的优势和潜力。然后,根据所用原材料和成形工艺原理的不同,电子束原位制造技术又分为电子束熔融（EBM）和电子束自由成形制造（EBF³）技术两个分支,分别介绍了这两个分支技术的概念、原理、特点以及采用该技术研制出的零件的性能,结合硬件设备的情况介绍了在太空环境下应用的适用性,同时也详细介绍了NASA利用兰利研究中心的C-9抛物线飞行试验系统进行电子束原位制造微重力试验的研究成果、试验数据和未来的发展趋势。最后,结合中国未来空间事业发展的需要,提出了关于发展太空环境下电子束原位制造技术的设想与建议。     

压电陶瓷在发动机推力测量中的应用研究

在发动机推力测量系统的原位校准中,运用了压电陶瓷驱动装置准确快速控制力值的方法,研制了原位校准自动化装置。该装置借助微机和自动控制技术,通过控制作用于压电陶瓷驱动装置上的电场强度改变其输出位移,达到精确控制力值的目的,实现原位校准自动化。试验结果表明,该装置可实现手动、半自动和全自动三种控制方式进行原位校准,加值准确度高,适用于所有喷气动力发动机的推力测量。     

温度对铝合金材料疲劳短裂纹萌生行为影响的研究

利用扫描电镜（SEM）原位规测技术,研究了高温下铝合金试件在循环应力作用下的疲劳短裂纹萌生行为,结果表明,温度对于短裂纹行为具有强烈的影响。基于局部应变法,文中提出了一种预测温度作用下的铝合金疲劳裂纹短萌生寿命的评估公式。     

自适应渐消Kalman滤波算法在RTK中的应用研究

在动态载波相位差分定位(RTK)中,由于观测环境复杂,会经常发生周跳、卫星信号失锁等情况,严重影响基线解算的连续性和可靠性。针对动态应用环境,提出了一种Kalman滤波算法在RTK技术中的应用方法。该方法可以实时估计模糊度浮点解及其协方差矩阵,在需要重新固定模糊度时可直接用于搜索,起到了周跳修复的作用。此外,采用了自适应渐消Kalman滤波算法提高算法的动态适应性,并引入独立的滑动窗进行新息的收集和处理,解决了由于参考星变化或卫星信号失锁造成观测量中断而无法准确计算新息协方差的难题。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在模糊度发生变化时快速收敛,并且相对于一般Kalman滤波算法在高动态下提高了模糊度浮点解的精度,提高了后续模糊度搜索的效率和固定成功率。     

固定网格中基于边界描述的CAD模型快速分析方法

固定网格技术避免了沿结构边界繁琐的网格划分过程，在复杂几何结构分析时具有很大优势。建模精度和分析精度是采用固定网格进行结构分析的两大难题。文中针对固定网格分析中的建模精度问题，提出了一种由CAD模型至分析模型的快速转换方法，首先将CAD模型采用边界描述，然后通过射线交点法来区分固定网格中单元的属性，并借助四叉树/八叉树技术实现对边界网格的细分。最后采用加权B样条有限胞元法来保证CAD模型在固定网格中的分析精度。本文建立了一种由结构CAD模型至固定网格仿真分析的设计框架，数值算例表明了该方法的有效性。     

飞机弹舱加强梁三层防腐修复工艺

采用化学氧化层、底漆、密封胶三层防腐修复工艺在原位对飞机弹舱加强梁表面腐蚀进行修复,试验了修复层的防腐蚀性能。     

航空发动机高空模拟试验燃油流量原位校准系统设计与检验

为满足现代航空发动机高空模拟试验燃油流量高精度、快速度的测量要求,针对涡轮流量计不能长期保持校准曲线的缺陷,提出了原位校准技术。重点介绍了原位校准系统的技术要求、主要功能、工作原理、校准装置、工作模式,以及不确定度评估,并进行了对比检验试验。研究结果表明:该系统主要技术指标满足发动机试验需要,测量不确定度满足要求,主要设备具有高的工作可靠性、可控性和稳定性,可实现原位校准和冗余测量功能。     

Perona-Malik去噪模型扩散系数的改进

偏微分方程的去噪方法是具有显著效果的图像去噪技术,从Perona-Malik模型的扩散系数出发,对其函数性质进行分析,并提出了一种关于像素的自调节修复算子,改进Perona-Malik模型的扩散系数,使其能在消除图像噪声的同时更好地保持边缘,在一定程度上克服了边缘保持与噪声消除之间的矛盾.最后,通过实验证明了该方法的有效性.     

Impulse feature extraction method for machinery fault detection using fusion sparse coding and online dictionary learning

Impulse components in vibration signals are important fault features of complex machines. Sparse coding(SC) algorithm has been introduced as an impulse feature extraction method, but it could not guarantee a satisfactory performance in processing vibration signals with heavy background noises. In this paper, a method based on fusion sparse coding(FSC) and online dictionary learning is proposed to extract impulses efficiently. Firstly, fusion scheme of different sparse coding algorithms is presented to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy. Then, an improved online dictionary learning method using FSC scheme is established to obtain redundant dictionary and it can capture specific features of training samples and reconstruct the sparse approximation of vibration signals. Simulation shows that this method has a good performance in solving sparse coefficients and training redundant dictionary compared with other methods. Lastly, the proposed method is further applied to processing aircraft engine rotor vibration signals. Compared with other feature extraction approaches, our method can extract impulse features accurately and efficiently from heavy noisy vibration signal, which has significant supports for machinery fault detection and diagnosis.     

降落伞的流场特性研究

降落伞的流场特性直接关系到降落伞的气动力性能,一直以来是降落伞研究中的核心问题。本文采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对降落伞的流场进行数值模拟。通过采用不同的网格生成方法对降落伞的绕流流场进行研究,表明生成网格质量对流场计算精度有很大的影响。在一系列数值实验的基础上,证明采用多块贴体坐标的网格处理方法能够获得良好的网格质量,同时还具有易于寻找伞衣内外面压力,计算稳定性、可靠性高等优点。在此基础上,采用了七孔探针对降落伞绕流流场进行了测量,实验结果和计算结果吻合较好。     

Multiple target detection using modified high order correlations

This work is concerned with the problem of multiple target track detection in heavy clutter. Using the “modified high order correlation” (HOC) process and a track scoring mechanism a new method is developed to perform data association and track identification in the presence of heavy clutter. Using this new scheme any number of very close, crossing or splitting target tracks can be resolved without increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm. The applicability of the method for continuous detection of target tracks that can originate and terminate at any scan is also demonstrated, In addition, the operating characteristics as a function of the clutter density are also provided. Simulation results on all the cases are presented     

滚珠旋摆作动器的优化设计

提出了一种新型液压执行机构--滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器,建立了一套伺服动态优化设计理论及分析方法。在结构上,采用了多头大升角的滚珠螺旋副、滚珠花键副、滚珠卸荷副、活塞式液压缸等结构,以保证作动器受力特性好、传动平稳、效率高、且输出扭矩大,适应于低、中、高压任何压力的液压系统;在理论上,导出了滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器优化参数的设计计算公式,分析了优化参数与系统效率、频宽之间的关系。按照该理论设计的滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器,系统耗能最小、效率最高、频带最宽。     

机器人系统跟踪控制的一种新策略

 本文研究了多个机器人完成某物体的跟踪问题。提出了一种“主辅型”控制策略。这种控制策略具有自组织性质,它自动地解决了机器人系统控制的不唯一性、自相矛盾的可能性,保证了各机器人间的合作与谐调。仿真结果表明跟gr误差极小。     

运输机超低空重装空投纵向反步滑模控制研究

分析了超低空重装空投的空投流程,针对超低空重装空投飞行高度低、空投对象质量大的特点,把空投对象的位置和移动速度作为状态变量对货物移动时飞机运动的非线性方程进行了研究,该方程能准确描述出牵引伞的拉力、空投对象在货舱内的实时位置和移动速度对飞机姿态和高度的影响。同时,利用反馈线性化方法对模型进行输入输出线性化,并利用反步法与滑模控制相结合的方法,设计纵向滑模自适应控制器,解决了纵向不可参数化的不匹配不确定控制问题,实现了飞机在超低空重装空投时高度的稳定,保证飞机安全地完成超低空空投任务。     

飞机发动机固定装置的载荷计算方法

飞机发动机固定装置是飞机的重要结构之一,它除了支承庞大发动机结构外,还要承担飞机的动力传输,故其强度问题是该部件的设计关键。解决该问题时首先必须知道结构上承受的载荷,然后逐一校核该装置的零件强度。因此,如何准确计算发动机固定装置的载荷,对飞机的设计乃至其飞行安全都有着重要意义。本文采用常规力学计算方法和有限元计算方法对载荷计算进行了探讨。     

X-Rays From Mars

X-rays from Mars were first detected in July 2001 with the satellite Chandra. The main source of this radiation was fluorescent scattering of solar X-rays in its upper atmosphere. In addition, the presence of an extended X-ray halo was indicated, probably resulting from charge exchange interactions between highly charged heavy ions in the solar wind and neutrals in the Martian exosphere. The statistical significance of the X-ray halo, however, was very low. In November 2003, Mars was observed again in X-rays, this time with the satellite XMM-Newton. This observation, characterized by a considerably higher sensitivity, confirmed the presence of the X-ray halo and proved that charge exchange is indeed the origin of the emission. This was the first definite detection of charge exchange induced X-ray emission from the exosphere of another planet. Previously, this kind of emission had been detected from comets (which are largely exospheres) and from the terrestrial exosphere. Because charge exchange interactions between atmospheric constituents and solar wind ions are considered as an important nonthermal escape mechanism, probably responsible for a significant loss of the Martian atmosphere, X-ray observations may lead to a better understanding of the present state of the Martian atmosphere and its evolution. X-ray images of the Martian exosphere in specific emission lines exhibited a highly anisotropic morphology, varying with individual ions and ionization states. With its capability to trace the X-ray emission out to at least 8 Mars radii, XMM-Newton can explore exospheric regions far beyond those that have been observationally explored to date. Thus, X-ray observations provide a novel method for studying processes in the Martian exosphere on a global scale.     

基于DSP和单片机的刀具监控系统设计

根据刀具监控系统数据采集量大，计算量繁重以及对实时性要求高的特点，采用单片机和DSP并行处理的双CPU处理方案对系统进行设计，即该系统由并行运行的两个子系统构成：基于单片机80C196KC的信号采集及控制功能子系统负责反映刀具状态的各路信号的采集和各种控制功能；基于DSP TMS320C32为核心的信号处理子系统负责信号处理和刀具状态值的估计。此方案充分利用了DSP运算能力强和单片机控制能力强的优点，实现了系统的快速运算和实时控制功能。     

A Sequential Detector

The PRSD detector improves radar performance by controlling the distribution of energy in space, thus making a radar adaptive to its environment. An increase in performance over classical detectors may be realized in any of several ways: 1) greater maximum range; 2) smaller minimum detectable targets; 3) higher data rates; 4) lower average transmitted power, which allows smaller size and weight of equipment. The model of the PRSD detector described herein was tested with a semi-agile beam radar, and gave measured field performance improvement (for this particular radar) equivalent to an S/N increase ranging from 5 to 22 dB with a mean of 9.5 dB. This increase is greater than the 5-dB improvement predicted for the system in a white noise environment because many of the field tests were at locations subjected to heavy interference. The PRSD detector was extremely effective reducing the interference. In this paper, we will briefly review the theory of operation, describe the equipment and the method of test, and present experimental data. The data presented here are essential to a complete understanding of sequential detection since a rigorous theory encompassing multiple range bin radar has not been developed at this time. Finally, an extensive bibliography is appended.