某型直升机液压减摆器综合性能测试台设计

设计了某型直升机旋翼桨毂的液压减摆器综合性能测试台。首先,计算液压减摆器的活门及减摆器活塞杆的性能指标参数,并根据减摆器的试验需求分析设计了测试台结构。其次,对减摆器内部活门及减摆器作动筒进行性能调校和试验。最后,创新性地给供油回路加装单向精密节流阀进行调节限流,在液压缸杆径上加装限位夹组件限制液压缸发生偏转,使流量和速度参数达到指定范围。本设计为直升机液压减摆器的修理提供了更强的保障,有效保证了飞机的平稳性和安全性。     

旋翼液压减摆器研究与应用

本文主要根据旋翼液压减摆器研制工作的实践与经验,总结与归纳了旋翼液压减摆器研制过程中设计的基本思路、主要要求、设计内容及其性能计算分析的方法,在工程应用中实用有效,具有一定的工程实用价值,可供相关工程人员参考.     

油液压缩性对飞机摆振特性的影响

为了研究飞机减摆器中油液压缩性对摆振稳定性的影响,以某型无人机前起落架为研究对象,在建立液压缸压力微分方程的基础上,采用LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim建立飞机减摆器液压模型,利用该模型对减摆器动态阻尼特性进行仿真分析。基于多体动力学理论,采用LMS Virtual.Lab Motion建立前起落架摆振动力学模型。联合上述两种模型进行飞机滑跑虚拟试验,得到不同油液压缩性时飞机摆角的动态响应曲线。结果表明:当油液含气量从0.05%增大到0.50%时,功量图面积减少了44%,增大油液含气量极大地减小了减摆器的阻尼性能,尤其是在小振幅、低频率的工况下;摆振稳定性对油液的压缩性相当敏感,不太大的油液含气量(大于0.19%)足以使摆振不稳定。     

新型磁流变减摆器节流孔流场分析

节流孔是磁流变减摆器产生阻尼的主要方式,在磁流变减摆器实际工作环境下,磁流变液经过磁场时会随磁场分布强度不同而产生变黏度等应激变化。建立某新型磁流变减摆器计算模型,通过改变节流孔孔径大小,使用商业软件 Fluent 对其所产生的流场进行分析,将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:磁流变液流通量及淤积效应是决定磁流变减摆器初始阻尼及时滞效应的主要原因;在 0.2mm 孔径时时滞效应最明显,且随频率增高磁流变减摆器对于外界激励反应速度明显下降。     

直升机旋翼叶间减摆器的参数影响分析

建立了带叶间减摆器的直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性动力学分析模型,针对具有线性特性的叶间减摆器,采用数值模拟及时域方法分析了直升机前飞状态下旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性及减摆器载荷,并就减摆器布局、几何参数对系统动稳定性及减摆器载荷的影响进行了分析。研究发现,"叶间"布局引起的几何耦合对减摆器载荷及系统的动稳定性有很大的影响,合理选择减摆器安装支臂的长度及其与桨毂平面之间的夹角,可以有效地利用几何耦合的因素。与基本模型相比,它能使系统的模态阻尼提高50%以上,而同时使减摆器的定常循环载荷的幅值下降60%左右。     

某型飞机减摆器轴断裂故障分析及预防措施

针对一起某型飞机起飞滑跑时减摆器轴断裂故障,通过对断口、工作形态、受力状态分析,并对故障件分解检查验证,确定了故障原因,制定了预防措施,为预防同类减摆器轴断裂故障提供参考。     

某型机液压阻尼器设计计算

液压阻尼器是某型机旋翼研制中的关键元件。本文根据直8液压减摆器性能试验结果拟合出直8型机液压阻尼器力—速度曲线,获得直8型机液压阻尼器定压活门开启速度;采用数值仿真方法对直8液压阻尼器和某型机液压阻尼器轴向速度进行了计算;采用薄壁小孔等效阻尼系数计算公式对直8液压阻尼器和某型机液压阻尼器节流片节流孔面积进行了计算;同时进行了某型机液压阻尼器补油装置油液体积的计算。上述计算方法和计算结果可为某型机液压阻尼器结构设计提供依据。     

飞机减摆器断轴失效分析及改进设计研究

飞机减摆器是防止前轮摆振和传力的关键构件,减摆器轴断裂失效将严重危及飞行安全,使用中曾多次发生断裂.本文应用飞机疲劳断裂理论对该构件进行了疲劳强度计算和断裂原因分析,其结论与该构件的实际断口分析是相符的,属于疲劳断裂,并在此基础上提出预防断轴的措施和在减摆活塞上加装双向安全活门的改进研究建议.     

机轮摆振阻尼的非线性评价及其当量的线性化方法

本文按简化理论扼要地推导了为消除机轮摆振所需线性阻尼系数的计算公式。然而,实际使用的液压减摆器并不符合线性特性的假定,而是呈非线性特性的。对于这种实际情况,为了能将实际采用的非线性减摆器的阻尼系数和理论计算所需提供的线性阻尼系数加以比较,以评定能否克服摆振。本文提出了两种处理方法——切线法和最小当量线性阻尼法。实际应用表明,这两种方法简便、可靠,适于工程上使用。     

扭转型粘弹减摆器建模与试验验证

根据粘弹减摆器单频、对称激振实验获得的复模量数据,对粘弹减摆器的非线性VKS模型进行了参数识别。在这个模型的基础上,本文提出了一种考虑静态位移的粘弹减摆器非线性模型,并进行了试验验证,试验数据表明该模型具有较高的精度,可以正确反映粘弹减摆器复模量在不同静位移下的非线性特性,为进一步研究粘弹减摆器的性能和直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性奠定了基础。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。