旅客机环境控制系统的发展

回顾了飞机环境控制系统在民用旅客机应用中的技术发展过程,介绍了现役各种民用飞机的不同技术方案的环境控制系统特点,比较讨论了３种不同中型民用旅客机的环境控制系统方案,展望了民用飞机的环境控制系统的发展趋势。     

舰用航改燃气轮机通用控制系统研制及应用

为了为国产燃气轮机数控系统的选配提供1种低成本、可靠、易用的解决方案,开发了舰用航改燃气轮机通用控制系统.介绍了该通用控制系统的研制方法、应用以及总体研制方案,列举了各部件的设计原理和结构、设计特点以及技术性能指标.舰用航改燃气轮机通用控制系统采用模块化、通用化设计思想,EtherCAT实时以太网通讯技术,3余度的设计架构,提高了设计效率,缩短了设计周期,降低了设计成本,提高了系统的可靠性,在燃气轮机控制领域具有非常广的应用前景.     

直升机燃油系统地面全模拟试验台中转台控制系统的研究

为提高直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验台中转台控制系统的控制品质,分析了现有控制系统,提出了从硬件和软件两方面进行改进的方案,重点阐述了控制系统结构改进、模糊控制器的设计等关键技术。     

飞机主动重心控制系统设计及应用

以我国先进飞机需求牵引为背景,研究了主动重心控制系统方案和设计方法.首先,构建了一种飞机主动重心控制系统结构方案,用于协调纵向重心与气动焦点之间的关系;其次,基于平衡输油系统建立了重心位移模型,提出了最佳重心位置设计准则,在此基础上设计了基于干扰观测器补偿的主动重心控制器,并将其应用到某型飞机超声速巡航中.仿真结果表明,该主动重心控制系统合理地协调了飞机的纵向稳定性和操纵性,并有效地减小了巡航阻力,提高了巡航的效率和航程.     

基于AVR单片机的后缘小翼型智能旋翼测控系统设计

研究并设计了智能旋翼振动控制实验的方案,对应用于智能旋翼小翼的闭环控制实验所需软硬件系统进行详细研究.分析讨论了采用本控制系统方案的可行性,确立使用AVR Atmega128单片机为核心的小翼控制系统平台的构建方案,进行了使用单片机为核心的控制方法设计,编写了相关控制程序.本试验系统相关特性适用于智能旋翼振动控制.     

航空发动机分布式控制系统技术分析及系统方案

分析了航空发动机分布式控制系统的系统结构、通讯总线、智能元件、高温电子元器件及分布式电源总线等领域的研究现状,并进行技术成熟度评估.结果表明:航空发动机分布式控制系统研究处于基础研究阶段,各项技术成熟度(TRL)主要处于TRL1~TRL2.针对某涡扇发动机提出基于TTCAN(时间触发控制器局域网协议)总线的过渡分布式和部分分布式两种控制系统方案,分析了各方案中系统结构、控制功能和信号交互特点,以期为航空发动机分布式控制系统进一步研究提供参考.      

液体冲压发动机数字电子控制系统换

为某型号整体式液体冲压发动机设计了数字电子-液压机械控制系统,介绍了该系统的控制方案、工作原理和工作方式.数字电子-液压机械控制系统和冲压发动机与弹体数字仿真器等组成液体冲压发动机、弹体/发动机控制系统半实物仿真系统,对数字电子-液压机械控制系统的功能及工作协调性进行了检验.半实物仿真试验结果证明,该系统满足设计要求.     

中继卫星复合控制系统设计

根据中继卫星系统多体控制的特点，合理地选择了中继卫星复合控制系统方案；然后根据所选择的方案，分别设计了中继卫星星体姿态稳定控制系统和单址天线指向控制系统，详细描述了天线指向控制概念，并且设计了星上自主控制方案；最后以不同的用户星作为跟踪目标，对所设计的复合控制系统进行了数学仿真。通过对仿真结果的分析，验证了该系统的有效性。     

重力测量稳定平台控制系统设计与实现

介绍了重力测量惯性稳定平台的系统工作原理.设计了一种基于DSP加FPGA架构的嵌入式控制系统.详细描述了控制系统的功能划分以及硬件实现.提出了电流、速度和位置三环回路控制方案.车载测试结果显示稳定平台能实现地垂线跟踪,验证了所设计控制系统的有效性.     

内装式空射火箭箭机分离RCS姿态控制方案研究

采用反作用喷气控制系统(RCS)对内装式空中发射运载火箭箭机分离阶段实施姿态控制的方案进行了研究.根据不同发射条件下的箭机分离运动,确定了RCS启控时运载火箭的飞行状态,设计了发动机点火前的运载火箭俯仰运动程序.在此基础上,给定标准弹道方案,并确定了RCS推力器组合方案.采用脉冲调宽调频(PWPF)调制方法,设计出适合...     

直升机高海况起降相关装备能力要素分析

直升机舰上起降是 1个舰、机、人、环等多因素耦合的复杂系统问题。重点分析影响直升机高海况舰上起降能力的舰、机相关装备因素,主要包括舰船的摇荡运动特性、起降平台及上层建筑主尺度,快速系留与牵引、摇荡运动预报等直升机舰面保障设备能力,直升机的抗合成甲板风、适应舰船摇荡运动、舰面开/关车等能力,以及风况监测能力等,给出装备因素影响直升机高海况起降的原理、规律、特点,总结部分国外海军相关研究和装备情况,为国内相关研究和装备研制提供借鉴和参考。     

Radar Altimeter Optimization for Geodesy Over the Sea

The optimum processor and its accuracy limit for radar altimetry for geodetic use over the sea are studied with a model accounting for random surface reflectivity, sea height variation, additive noise, and pointing errors, and allowing for arbitrary antenna patterns, signal modulations, and other system parameters. The ?threshold? case solution (which can have any specified accuracy) dictates a signal modulation bandwidth just shy of resolving the sea height variation and/or illuminated sea area (as scaled into time delay and ?smeared? by pointing errors). For such a modulation a relatively complete solution is obtained. These results are used to determine practical radar altimeter designs, additionally accounting for antenna size, stability, and peak power restraints. Conditions allowing neglecting of limiting or complicating effects due to temporally varying reflectivity, sea height, and vehicle position are given and shown to be satisfied for a typical satellite.     

A geopause satellite system concept

The forthcoming 10 cm range tracking accuracy capability holds much promise in connection with a number of Earth and ocean dynamics investigations. These include a set of earthquake-related studies of fault motions and the Earth's tidal, polar and rotational motions, as well as studies of the gravity field and the sea surface topography which should furnish basic information about mass and heat flow in the oceans. The state of the orbit analysis art is presently at about the 10 m level, or about two orders of magnitude away from the 10 cm range accuracy capability expected in the next couple of years or so. The realization of a 10 cm orbit analysis capability awaits the solution of four kinds of problems, namely, those involving orbit determination and the lack of sufficient knowledge of tracking system biases, the gravity field, and tracking station locations. The Geopause satellite system concept offers promising approaches in connection with all of these areas. A typical Geopause satellite orbit has a 14 hour period, a mean height of about 4.6 Earth radii, and is nearly circular, polar, and normal to the ecliptic. At this height only a relatively few gravity terms have uncertainties corresponding to orbital perturbations above the decimeter level. The orbit s, in this sense, at the geopotential boundary, i.e., the geopause. The few remaining environmental quantities which may be significant can be determined by means of orbit analyses and accelerometers. The Geopause satellite system also provides the tracking geometery and coverage needed for determining the orbit, the tracking system biases and the station locations. Studies indicate that the Geopause satellite, tracked with a 2 cm ranging system from nine NASA affiliated sites, can yield decimeter station location accuracies. Five or more fundamental stations well distributed in longitude can view Geopause over the North Pole. This means not only that redundant data are available for determining tracking system biases, but also that both components of the polar motion can be observed frequently. When tracking Geopause, the NASA sites become a two-hemisphere configuration which is ideal for a number of Earth physics applications such as the observation of the polar motion with a time resolution of a fraction of a day. Geopause also provides the basic capability for satellite-to-satellite tracking of drag-free satellites for mapping the gravity field and altimeter satellites for surveying the sea surface topography. Geopause tracking a coplanar, drag-free satellite for two months to 0.03 mm per second accuracy can yield the geoid over the entire Earth to decimeter accuracy with 2.5° spatial resolution. Two Geopause satellites tracking a coplanar altimeter satellite can then yield ocean surface heights above the geoid with 7° spatial resolution every two weeks. These data will furnish basic boundary condition information about mass and heat flows in the oceans which are important in shaping weather and climate.     

直升机海上应急救援能力评估研究

将直升机海上应急救援过程中“事前预防—事中响应—事后恢复”3 个阶段的安全问题考虑到应急救援体系中,可有效评估直升机海上应急救援能力,提高其应急救援效率。基于“5W1H”分析法设计研究框架,通过文献分析、问卷调查、专家咨询等方法对直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标进行筛选,确定出21 项评价指标并构建直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标体系;利用基于D-S 证据理论的层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法构建直升机海上应急救援能力综合评估模型;将该评估模型应用到以海上风机维护人员受伤为例的救援演练中,得分为86.89,判定救援能力为“较强”。结果表明：该评价指标体系和评估模型有一定的实用性,能够有效评价直升机海上应急救援的能力。     

直升机海面悬停时精确高度的维纳滤波提取法

研究了直升机作海面低高度(１５ｍ)悬停时获取精确高度的维纳滤波组合系统。高度量测来自捷联垂直加速度计和无线电高度表。维纳滤波器根据海浪、无线电高度表噪声和加速度计噪声三种随机干扰的功率谱采用伯特一香农设计法获得。对组合系统作了五种环境下的滤波仿真,结果表明：该系统既能有效滤除上述三种干扰,又能准确跟踪悬停高度的变化。     

Satellite-based navigation systems

The services which could make use of with such a system are air, land and sea navigation and position determination for geographers, cartographers, surveyors etc. on both land and at sea.     

Prospects of sea launches for Chinese cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift launch vehicles

This paper introduces the sea-launch technology of a cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift rocket. It first reviews the current state of sea launch technology, and then gives a brief introduction of China’s New Generation Medium-lift Launch Vehicle (NGMLV). The innovations in the NGMVL, such as responsive test and launch control, a H³ launch model, and unmanned operations, provide convenience for sea launches. Based on these innovations, this paper proposes a sea launch scheme, including the system configuration, test and launch processes, and an improved adaptive design for the rocket. Then, the launch platform is discussed in detail, which integrates the functions of sea transportation, assembly and test, as well as technical and launch areas. The layout and function divisions, fluid filling, gas supply and distribution systems, and lossless storage technology of LH2 are described in order. This breakthrough in sea launch technology will enable China to launch medium and large satellites and constellations ‘both on land and sea’, especially into low-inclination Low-Earth Orbits (LEOs), and it allows China to remain competitive in the fast-paced space industry.     

Detection of small objects in clutter using a GA-RBF neural network

Detection of small objects in a radar or satellite image is an important problem with many applications. Due to a recent discovery that sea clutter, the electromagnetic wave backscatter from a sea surface, is chaotic rather than purely random, computational intelligence techniques such as neural networks have been applied to reconstruct the chaotic dynamic of sea clutter. The reconstructed sea clutter dynamical system which usually takes the form of a nonlinear predictor does not only provide a model of the sea scattering phenomenon, but it can also be used to detect the existence of small targets such as fishing boats and small fragments of icebergs by observing abrupt changes in the prediction error. We applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain an optimal reconstruction of sea clutter dynamic based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. This GA-RBF uses a hybrid approach that employes a GA to search for the optimum values of the following RBF parameters: centers, variance, and number of hidden nodes, and uses the least square method to determine the weights. It is shown here that if the functional form of an unknown nonlinear dynamical system can be represented exactly using an RBF net (i.e., no approximation error), this GA-RBF approach can reconstruct the exact dynamic from its time series measurements. In addition to the improved accuracy in modeling sea clutter dynamic, the GA-RBF is also shown to enhance the detectability of small objects embedded in the sea. Using real-life radar data that are collected in the east coast of Canada by two different radar systems: a ground-based radar and a satellite equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we show that the GA-RBF network is a reliable detector for small surface targets in various sea conditions and is practical for real-life search and rescue, navigation, and surveillance applications     

海上无人机多机协同巡检航迹规划方法

随着无人机技术应用的不断深入,如何提高无人机编队的协同能力及在复杂动态环境的自适应性,已成为“集群智能”的 1个重要研究方向。文章对海上无人机多机协同航迹规划整体流程进行了分析,分别阐释了静态和动态场景下的多机协同规划方法。静态场景下主要采用分支定界法建立静态问题模型,为每架无人机划分作业区域、生成作业路径,使得整个巡检作业的航迹长度代价与作业时间代价最小;动态场景下主要针对气象变化、连续跟监、海域变化 3种突发场景,侧重于协同决策和路径规划设计对应的目标函数,采用启发式算法为整个巡检作业进行自适应航迹规划,以确保安全性和效率性。实验结果显示,无人机协同路径规划能够根据环境变化和任务需求动态调整多无人机的巡检路径,快速给出不同突发情况下的最佳动态调整方案,以应对复杂的海上环境并动态规避障碍物。     

Intrusion location capability added to synergistic radar technology

There is a new trend in the outdoor security market that demands more precision in identifying the crossing area of an intruder. Often called intrusion location capability, this capability also presents inherent features such as more accuracy in camera pre-set positioning and temporary disabling of sub-zone and individual sensitivity level per sub-zone. However even though market trend demands them, such features must have minimum impact to overall system cost. How the synergistic radar technology can be modified to offer intruder location capability to a sub-zone area as precise as 10% of the total zone length is presented. For a typical zone length of 100 meters, the zone is sub-divided into up to ten equally spaced sub-zones of 10 meters each, giving an intrusion crossing point resolution of 10 meters. Synergistic radar technology can be applied to buried, surface, wall and roof applications. This intrusion location capability also applies to each of these applications