吸气式高超声速飞行器通气模型测力试验技术研究

由于内阻测量方法限制,来流Ma_∞4时常规通气模型测力试验精度无法满足吸气式高超声速飞行器设计和性能评估需求。为解决上述问题,确保试验精度满足飞行器研究需要,探索了将天平测量内阻技术引入常规通气模型测力试验的可行性。从改进试验方法角度提出了一种回避内阻测量难题的新型试验方法:采用"尾支+六分量天平"直接测量通气模型的气动特性(机体控制体产生的气动力载荷),并开展了试验验证。结果表明:由于减少了内阻测量环节,新型测力试验技术的精度高,Ma_∞=6时的阻力系数误差小于2%,远低于常规通气模型测力试验误差,具有精度高、模型相对简单、技术复杂程度较低、推广应用可能性大的优势。     

高超声速飞行器DPIV内流阻力测量技术研究

为了研究吸气式高超声速飞行器的气动特性,提出一种新的内流阻力测量技术,即采用粒子图像测速技术和总压测量技术相结合,测量超燃发动机尾喷管流场速度矢量和皮托压力分布,间接获得内流出口处平均马赫数和内流出口处静压平均值,从而实现高超声速通气模型内流阻力测量。研究结果表明:粒子图像测速技术和总压测量技术相结合,成功地实现了内流阻力测量;试验获得的粒子图像,能够清楚地显示喷管出口位置内外流的分界面及边界层和边界层的尾迹;粒子图像测速试验获得的速度矢量场结果准确,精度高,能够提供远远超出传统测量技术所能提供的流场信息。      

圆截面超燃冲压发动机冷态内流测力试验

不论是超燃冲压发动机推进性能评估,还是吸气式高超声速飞行器气动性能预测,冷态内流气动性能至关重要。为验证冷态内流测力新技术,以采用Nose-to-Tail力核算方法的圆截面超燃冲压发动机为试验对象,在马赫数6条件下开展了风洞试验,并将试验测量结果与基于动量定理的CV2预测方法的内阻评估值进行了对比。结果表明,采用天平直接测量发动机冷态内流气动力载荷的试验方法可行。测量结果可信度高;重复性好,进气道起动时的相对误差约4%;精度高,可控制在3%左右;试验信息丰富,能够直观真实地反映内流气动性能、进气道起动/不起动、溢流等物理现象。     

高超飞行器内流道激波振荡问题的数值研究及试验验证

采用数值模拟和风洞试验的方法,对吸气式高超声速飞行器盲腔状态的流动特性进行了研究。采用＂双时间步＂方法进行了内外流一体化的非定常数值模拟,利用彩色纹影系统对高超声速飞行器前体流场进行显示,并采用动态压力传感器测得了飞行器内流道的壁面压力随时间的变化。结果表明：盲腔构型在高超声速飞行中会出现周期性的激波振荡现象。数值模拟所得流场变化特征、内流道壁面压力振荡周期和壁面压力变化趋势与试验结果吻合良好。     

吸气式高超声速推进助推段内流振荡及其抑制

为了掌握高超声速飞行器盲腔流场的激波振荡机理,采用"双时间步"方法对轴对称吸气式高超声速飞行器内流道盲腔流场进行了非定常数值模拟。结果表明,飞行器内流道出现了非定常激波振荡现象,内流道壁面压力出现了低频高幅的周期性变化。为了消除高超声速飞行器内流道的激波振荡现象,设计了级间段泄流方案,对飞行器进行了内外流一体化定常和非定常的数值模拟。结果表明,级间段泄流方案可以有效地消除内流道的激波振荡现象。     

内流壁温效应对高速飞行器气动特性的影响

吸气式高速飞行器内外流高度耦合,激波-边界层干扰严重,壁面温度会影响边界层内的流动,进而影响气动特性。因此,准确评估风洞试验中的壁温效应,提高气动特性的预测精度,对飞行器设计至关重要。通过常规超高速风洞试验,结合数值模拟分析,开展了内流壁温对气动特性的影响规律及作用机理研究。结果表明：在常规超高速风洞几十秒的运行时间内,随着运行时间增加,飞行器内流道壁面温度不断升高,俯仰力矩以及内流道壁面压力均会出现显著变化,其中俯仰力矩的增加量需要2°舵偏角来平衡;此外,数值模拟分析进一步指出,飞行器俯仰力矩的变化主要原因是内流道壁面温度升高、边界层增厚、近壁低速区挤压中心的高速区,使得内流道等效面积减小、气流压缩,相应的马赫数减小、压力升高,并引起内流道激波波系前移,从而改变了内流道压力分布,最终导致俯仰力矩发生变化。     

高超声速通气模型直接测力试验

基于动量定理的内阻测量误差大,常规高超声速通气模型测力试验精度无法满足应用需求。为此,提出了采用"尾支+六分量天平"直接测量作用在通气模型机体控制体上的待测气动特性的新型试验方法,并对相关理论基础、工作原理进行了讨论。借鉴大尺度通气模型内外流解耦设计经验完成了模型设计,在FD-20A风洞上开展了原理性试验,通过对比分析来验证新型试验方法。结果表明:基于相似理论和力分解原则的通气模型直接测力试验方法可行,测量数据准确可信;试验数据信息丰富,能够准确评判间隙密封效果;由于减少了内阻测量环节,通气模型直接测力试验精度高;当来流马赫数为6时阻力系数误差小于2%,远低于常规通气模型测力试验,满足应用需求。     

通气模型高超声速风洞铰链力矩试验技术研究

针对通气飞行器内外流一体化气动布局的特点,在通气模型高超声速风洞铰链力矩试验中,通过对模型进行适当改型,在保证内流道不发生壅塞、模型外部流场结构不发生改变的前提下,实现了高超声速通气模拟和模型尾支撑;通过合理设计试验装置布局、采取防隔热措施等,解决了通气模型高超声速风洞试验中内流道气动加热和舵面缝隙窜流等导致天平产生严重温度效应,舵面气动力难以精确测量的难题。在某高超声速风洞上开展的铰链力矩试验结果表明,所采用的试验技术能够实现通气模型高超声速舵面气动力特性的精确测量。     

高超声速飞行器内流道流态及其对全机气动力影响的实验研究

对吸气式高超声速飞行器而言,内流道的流态对推进系统乃至飞行器的工作特性有重要影响.本文用风洞实验的方法研究了升力体(类X-43)、二元进气道和轴对称进气道三种构型在不同来流、内部几何和燃烧室反压条件下的内流道工作情况,着重分析了起动/不起动状态对内流道流动特征及全机气动力的影响,提出并发展了通过在燃烧室内喷射高压气流的内流道反压模拟技术,并运用这一技术成功实现了内流道由起动向不起动、由不起动向起动/再起动的切换.     

高超飞行器进气道/内流道流动特性试验

用Ma∞=7风洞试验的方法研究了一种吸气式高超声速飞行器二维进气道/内流道的流场特征与起动特性.试验结果表明:在来流总压0.5～1.9 MPa、单位雷诺数2.48×106～7>.95×106范围内,进气道起动的前提下,进气道/内流道沿程压力分布受来流总压、雷诺数的影响变化很小;在进气道外压缩段流动未受干扰前进气道隔离段最大可承受反压约为250倍自由来流压力;未加侧板时该进气道具有自起动能力,加侧板后隔离段出口压力有所增加;在设计点工况,该进气道增压比42.9,总压恢复0.27,出口马赫数2.76.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.