基于NURBS的扩压叶栅非对称前缘设计

前缘对扩压叶栅叶型气动性能具有重要影响,圆弧形或椭圆形前缘吸力面和压力面侧为对称形状,未针对两侧流动差异进行不同设计。为进一步提升扩压叶栅气动性能,发展了一种基于三次非均匀有理B样条(non-uniform rational B-splines,NURBS)曲线的非对称前缘设计方法,在保证曲率连续的前提下,实现吸、压力面两侧非对称的前缘构造。将设计方法应用于两圆弧形前缘叶型改型设计,数值结果表明:与原始叶型相比,总压损失系数可分别降低26.3%和23.5%,提高了整体气动性能;同时与对称曲率连续前缘相比,在51.83°进口气流角下吸力峰强度降低13.4%,前缘转捩位置推后4.6%弦长,在大进口气流角下具有更好的气动性能。      

叶型对扩压叶栅角区分离的影响

为了在叶型设计阶段尽可能减小角区分离的可能性,用数值模拟方法研究角区分离形式对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响,以及叶型参数对角区分离形式和分离范围的影响。角区分离改变了吸力面的静压分布,静压沿叶展方向呈现出"C"型压力分布,与开式分离相比闭式分离加剧了吸力面的"C"型压力分布,闭式分离造成下端壁吸力面最低压力点后的流向逆压力梯度增加。分离降低叶栅扩压能力,增大损失,与开式分离相比闭式分离的气动性能降低更显著。研究结果表明:角区分离受叶型参数的影响较大,随着叶型相对厚度的增加、中弧线挠度增大、最大厚度位置后移吸力面最大厚度位置之后的型线曲率的变化梯度增大,吸力面最低压力点之后的流向逆压力梯度和吸力面展向压力梯度增大,进而增大角区分离范围,改变分离形式,由开式分离向闭式分离转变。     

变冲角下吸力面小翼对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响

为了进一步揭示吸力面小翼对压气机叶栅间隙流动的影响机理,采用数值模拟方法对压气机叶栅加装吸力面小翼控制间隙流动进行研究,着重考察了吸力面小翼在不同来流冲角下(-5°、0°、+3°)对叶栅气动性能的影响。结果显示,负冲角时,吸力面小翼有效降低了叶尖泄漏损失及遏制了压力面分离。随着冲角增加,叶顶最大压差作用区向叶栅上游移动,泄漏涡与通道涡的相互作用增强,吸力面小翼对叶栅气动性能的改善逐渐降低。     

跨声速涡轮叶栅激波损失控制方法

为了降低高负荷跨声速高压涡轮激波损失,发展了针对性的涡轮叶栅激波控制方法。针对吸力侧激波,提出可控膨胀设计概念,结合基于曲率的叶型设计方法,通过调整吸力面曲率分布以控制气流膨胀力度,减小了尾缘激波前马赫数,有效减弱了吸力侧激波强度和叶栅出口压力不均匀程度。针对压力侧激波,发展了消波设计方法,在吸力面的激波作用区域设计一鼓包型线,利用鼓包迎风面压缩波的预增压作用和外凸面膨胀波的消波作用,有效抑制了激波/边界层相互干扰,显著削弱了反射激波强度。可控膨胀设计和消波设计对叶栅尾缘两道激波的控制作用相互独立,可单独采用,当两种方法相结合时,吸力侧激波强度降低了29.66%,叶栅出口压力不均匀程度减小了29.28%,总压损失系数减小了12.11%。      

吸附式亚声速压气机叶栅气动性能实验及分析

以亚声速平面叶栅风洞为实验平台,在不同来流马赫数、攻角和吸气量状态下,测试吸附式压气机叶栅吸力面、压力面表面压力分布和叶栅尾缘等参数.结果表明,附面层吸除能促进附面层减薄,减少分离损失,有助于降低叶栅总压损失,提高气流折转能力,改善叶栅气动性能.合适吸气槽位置和吸气量的选择,有利于叶栅内部流动更趋合理.      

局部附面层吸除对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

实验研究了低速条件下局部附面层吸除对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响.采用五孔气动探针测量了叶栅出口截面气动参数,并对叶片表面静压进行了测量,详细分析了局部吸气方式、吸气量和吸气位置对叶栅出口截面总压损失和负荷能力的影响.结果表明,采用吸力面两端吸气和中间吸气方式均能够有效吸除叶栅流道内低能流体,增加叶栅的气动负荷,从而提高叶栅的气动性能;采用吸力面两端吸气对叶栅气动性能的改善要优于吸力面中间吸气;叶栅气动性能的改善主要在靠近叶展中部区域,而对角区核心区和端部区域的影响并不明显.      

叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅叶片表面流动的影响

为了研究叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响,对具有可控扩散叶型(CDA)的直叶片和正弯曲25°叶片平面叶栅进行了实验研究和数值模拟,获得了两种叶栅叶片表面流场显示结果以及不同冲角下叶片表面静压系数的分布。结果表明,叶片正弯曲对其吸力面流动影响较大,吸力面近出口处两端的径向二次流区相比于直叶栅而言明显增加。正弯曲叶片吸力面形成"C"型压力分布,叶片负荷沿叶高和弦长重新分布,这种负荷的重组是弯曲改变叶栅流场的主要因素。     

高负荷压气机叶栅分离结构及其等离子体流动控制

 为揭示高负荷压气机叶栅内部流动损失的产生机理和分布规律以及等离子体气动激励的作用机制,利用拓扑分析和数值计算方法,从计算模型的建立与验证、基准流场的分离结构和等离子体流动控制3个方面展开研究;对总压损失系数分布、拓扑结构和表面流谱与空间流线分布以及旋涡结构进行分析,并开展了激励方式的优化分析.结果表明:随着攻角的增大,固壁面拓扑结构增加了3对奇点,吸力面流向激励改变了固壁面拓扑结构.当攻角为2°时,在吸力面拓扑结构中产生了一对奇点,打断了角区分离线,并引入了一条回流再附线.叶栅流道内部有5个主要涡系,尾缘径向对涡促进流体的展向流动,并成为吸力面倒流的主要组成部分;角涡是一个独立的涡系,其强度和尺度不受等离子体气动激励的影响.吸力面流向激励可以改善叶中流场,但对角区流动作用很小;端壁横向激励可以降低角区流动损失,对叶中流场作用有限;吸力面流向与端壁横向组合激励在整个叶高范围内均可以显著抑制流动分离;端壁横向流动对角区流动分离结构的影响大于吸力面附面层的分离.吸力面流向激励的优化明显降低,而端壁横向激励和组合激励的优化保持并增强了等离子体流动的控制效果.     

一种平面叶栅反设计方法的改进与验证

介绍了一种平面叶栅反设计方法,假设因压力作用有一流体微元沿槽道中心流线运动,设计参数包括:叶栅进/出口气流角、截面半径、叶型载荷分布和厚度分布等.为完善原设计方法,提出了新的理论,用于获得必要的密度分布曲线;改进了前、后倒圆造型算法,提升了叶栅气动性能;为验证改进后的设计方法,重新设计了德国Aachen涡轮静叶叶栅.      

冲角变化对弯掠压气机叶栅壁面静压分布的影响

实验研究了冲角变化对不同掠型叶片组成的平面扩压叶栅壁面静压分布的影响。结果表明,变冲角时弯掠叶栅端部横向、径向及流向压力梯度分布改善,正冲角时端壁与吸力面附面层相互作用减弱,避免了低能流体在吸力面角区的积聚及分离,同时也使得中径附近损失有所增加,但其总损失没有明显增大;负冲角时弯掠叶栅中径附近的损失增加在总损失中占主导地位,气动性能下降。在较大正冲角时弯掠叶栅仍能保持角区流动的稳定,若增大中径处的设计冲角能够获得更好的气动性能。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.