MEMS固体微推力器阵列驱动控制系统设计与试验

为了实现MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)固体微推力器阵列准确可靠点火,阵列单元的点火驱动控制显得尤为重要。设计了驱动控制系统,由电源模块、驱动模块、10×10规模固体微推力器阵列模块、控制及通信模块组成,并分别对各个模块的设计进行了介绍。通过把各个模块进行一体化,设计了整机结构,并制备了原理样机。最后对原理样机进行了电爆试验、点火试验以及冲量测试试验,试验表明所设计的驱动控制系统功能完备,能够对阵列单元准确点火以及多单元同时点火,具有很高的可靠性,点火成功率100%。     

基于纳米铝热剂的MEMS固体微推力器点火实验研究

MEMS固体微推力器可以形成单元数量巨大的微推力器阵列,适合低成本微、纳卫星系统,是极具潜力的新型卫星推力器。为研究基于纳米铝热剂的MEMS推力器工作特性,开展了大气和真空点火实验。大气下的燃烧羽流与空气进一步燃烧,导致羽流的发光持续时间约数ms,远大于真空试验,过估了在真空条件下的推力器作用时间。真空试验获得了动态推力特征和有效工作时间(约250μs),估算推力器的冲量约55μN·s～80μN·s。羽流影响范围的直径约为30mm、流向约70mm,羽流颗粒的运动速度约132m/s。测试结果显示,底部点火先将推进剂挤出喷孔,而后在外部燃烧和爆炸。羽流形貌有两种特征:一种是剧烈爆炸,产生蘑菇云状气体产物;而另一种未产生气状产物。前者的冲量和有效工作时间大于后者。     

激光干涉法在扭摆法测量微冲量中的应用

介绍了激光干涉法测微小转角的原理及测量方法,提出了采用激光干涉测量微冲量的方法,将激光与靶作用产生的微冲量转化为扭摆的转动角度,通过激光干涉法测量此微小转角从而计算出冲量。相同单脉冲能量下,以PVC+2%C为工质,用扭摆法测量了激光与工质作用产生的微冲量,结果表明该测试系统分辨率为2×10-8N.s,量程为2×10-7～0.8×10-5N.s。     

激光干涉法测量微冲量数据处理方法

采用激光干涉法测量微冲量是一种新的微冲量测量方法。为了有效地测量10-4~10-8N.s量级的微小冲量,对力的加载过程进行定量的描述,在激光等离子体微推进器(μLPT)研究过程中采用该方法作为测试手段。介绍了测量系统的组成及测量方法,进行典型实验并提供了实验测量结果,重点讨论了测量系统的数据处理方法,对处理过程中存在的问题及数据处理方法的局限性进行了分析。研究工作对于激光干涉法应用于μN.s量级微冲量测量具有一定的参考价值。     

激光干涉仪测微冲量原理

对激光干涉仪测量微冲量的原理进行了初步研究,将激光与靶材相互作用产生的微冲量转化为冲击摆的微幅振动,通过激光干涉仪辨识此振动以获得冲量。激光干涉仪可分辨出λ/8的微振动,为精确测量微冲量提供了可靠的保证。理论分析表明,研究工作对在作用力时间不可忽略条件下精确测量10-4N.s量级以下的微冲量具有意义。     

来流对吸气式激光推力器冲量耦合系数的影响

针对大气吸气模式激光推进的原理,采用二阶精度的Roe格式,在气体模型为完全气体时,分别对无来流以及来流马赫数为2.5和5的条件下,环聚焦激光推力器内外流场的演化过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,无来流、来流马赫数为2.5和5时的冲量耦合系数分别为2.42×10-4N.s/J,1.00×10-4N.s/J和1.13×10-4N.s/J,无来流时激光推力器的冲量耦合系数高于同工况下有来流的情况,但来流马赫数为5时由于激波不会传播到推力器前体而产生负推力,因此冲量耦合系数较马赫数为2.5时高。研究结果可为激光推力器的构形设计以及实验模拟高空环境下推力器的飞行情况提供一定的理论指导。     

微阴极电弧推力器的设计与试验

微阴极电弧推力器具有体积小、重量轻、功耗低、比冲高等优点,是微纳卫星空间推进的理想选择。为了研究其关键特性以及基本性能,设计了一套环形微阴极电弧推力器样机,包括推力器本体和功率处理单元。高速摄影对推力器点火的观测验证了磁场存在时阴极斑点的旋转,并获得了阴极斑点旋转速度与磁场强度的关系。通过飞行时间法、打靶法分别对离子速度、元冲量进行了测量,测量结果表明:推力器出口离子的轴向平均速度在15~30km/s,没有磁场时,元冲量为0.132μN·s,磁场强度为0.0457T时,达到0.262μN·s,推力器平均推力大小在μN量级。通过研究得到:微阴极电弧推力器烧蚀均匀,性能易于调节,适用于微纳卫星。     

N_2O单组元微推力器真空试验设计与分析

提出了N2O单组元微推力器冲量测量方案.通过多次试验结果拟合稳态推力与压力之间的关系,再采用动态压力计算动态推力和冲量.对催化床尺寸为8mm×35mm和10mm×25mm两个微推力器进行了高空模拟试验研究,考察了流量对微推力器比冲的影响,得到了不同流量条件下稳态推力和压力之间的关系.试验方案与分析结果为微推力器精确...     

液体工质激光推进冲量耦合系数实验测试

在成功研制液体工质注入系统的基础上,以脉冲式CO2激光器为光源,将雾化水滴用作工质,进行了激光推进性能实验测试研究。实验发现水工质激光推进冲量耦合系数较大气吸气模式获得了较为明显的提高,达到了50×10-5N.s.J-1左右。与国内外相关实验结果进行了对比分析,讨论了提高液体工质激光推进性能参数的方法。     

激光脉宽对含碳粉GAP推进剂推进性能影响初步研究

针对激光烧蚀微推进技术中推进剂微推力偏小、冲量耦合系数较低的现状,设计了掺杂碳粉的聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)推进剂。利用低功率半导体激光器,对GAP推进剂的推进性能进行了测试和分析,获得了不同脉宽条件下,比冲、冲量耦合系数的变化规律。研究结果表明,激光功率7W、脉宽2ms时,推进剂比冲和冲量耦合系数最大分别为100s和195μN/W。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.