壁面抽吸条件下的爆震波传播特性

为研究静止气中壁面抽吸对爆震波传播特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了多孔抽吸壁面条件下爆震波的流场结构、传播速度等特性的变化规律。结果表明多孔抽吸壁面对爆震波传播特性有两方面的影响。首先,流场与多孔壁面发生碰撞产生弧形激波,弧形激波对爆震波的横波结构造成直接破坏,导致靠近多孔壁面区域的爆震波产生明显的速度亏损,爆震波强度削弱甚至熄爆;其次,多孔壁面作用导致了流场不稳定性增强,流场与孔板碰撞产生高温高压点,对爆震波的传播有促进作用,尤其在临界条件下,可能导致爆震波熄爆后重新起爆。在保持抽吸压力和边界条件不变情况下,对不同活性及不同抽吸距离时的爆震波传播特性进行研究,发现预混气活性降低、抽吸距离增长时,爆震波结构和传播速度受壁面抽吸影响增强。在加长抽吸距离条件下,随着预混气活性的降低,存在3种爆震波传播现象,即自持传播、熄爆后重新起爆以及完全熄爆。将相应工况下的实验研究与数值模拟结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟结果的正确性。     

基于侧向膨胀影响爆震波的自持机理

为了研究受侧向膨胀影响时爆震波的传播特性及自持机理,在实验段对比分析了当量比(0.70~2.25)和波前预混气高度(1,2,3cm)对爆震波自持传播能力的影响.实验表明:波前预混气高度越高、预混气活性越强,则爆震波抵御侧向膨胀影响的能力越强,速度亏损越小,自持传播能力越强.运用Fay流体扩张理论,Dabora和Murray速度亏损理论,并结合Zeldovich-von Neumann-D?ring(ZND)模型对受侧向膨胀影响的爆震波激波角、界面角和速度亏损进行理论预测,证明Dabora的理论预测与实验值吻合很好,且发现若要受侧向膨胀影响的爆震波自持传播,则其速度亏损的极限为7.0%~11.0%.      

连续旋转爆震波细致结构及自持机理

基于化学非平衡流解耦方法和详细化学反应机理,在0.1mm的网格尺度下对连续旋转爆震波内流场和爆震波平掠惰性气体界面的传播过程进行了数值模拟。详细分析了连续旋转爆震波的空间结构,由于在出口侧无几何约束,受一系列稀疏波的影响,旋转爆震波强度受到不同程度的削弱,形状也发生了相应的变化。爆震波平掠惰性气体界面时的流场分布与连续旋转爆震波结构极为类似,对比研究了波前可燃气体层高度对爆震波结构和传播过程的影响,当爆震波高度较小时,其抵御惰性气体侧稀疏波衰减的能力弱,波阵面严重变形,爆震波解耦。若爆震波要稳定自持传播,其必须要达到一定的临界高度来抵御稀疏波的影响。     

膨胀波对斜劈稳定斜爆震波特性影响的数值研究

为探究燃烧室内可能存在的膨胀波对斜爆震稳定燃烧的影响，基于块结构自适应网格加密的AMROC程序，求解多组分可压缩化学反应流Euler方程，研究了膨胀波对斜劈诱导斜爆震流场的影响。发现无限长斜劈模型中，斜爆震波面角度是缓慢增加的，膨胀波影响下，斜爆震波面角度明显下降。从爆震波面角度变化中可以明显看出膨胀波的影响范围和爆震波的衰减程度。来流的低静压不会改变膨胀波影响范围，但容易导致爆震波衰减直至发生解耦，因此高马赫数低静压来流条件下斜爆震燃烧的稳定性和燃烧效率需要着重考虑。此外，使用普朗特-梅耶膨胀波基本原理对膨胀区进行分析，发现爆燃区流场参数与理论值吻合较好，且壁面附近前马赫线角度与近似膨胀波前沿较为接近；基于此，发展了一种定性评估斜劈末端膨胀波影响范围的手段，在膨胀波前马赫线角度基础上适当增加4°～10°，可以近似得到膨胀波的前沿位置。     

混气活性对爆震波在突扩段传播特性的影响研究

为研究爆震波经过突扩段的传播特性,实验采用低活性混气C2H2+2.5O2+70%Ar和高活性混气C2H2+2.5O2,测量了爆震波在扩张比为1.34的圆管间传播的速度变化,并运用化学反应动力学分析爆震波动力学参数。结果表明:爆震波在小管出口的速度至多降至0.6倍的Chapman-Jouguet爆震波速。高活性混气触发的爆震波的成功传播是由于在大管产生局部爆炸,随后形成了过驱爆震波。相应地,低活性混气触发的爆震波不会形成过驱爆震波,且波速的波动范围较小。当预混气体压力小于爆震波从小管向大管成功传播的最低压力时,低活性混气触发的爆震波更快地衰减为爆燃波。通过化学反应动力学分析可知,高活性混气的爆震波稳定性参数较高,更容易形成局部爆炸。在最低压力处两种混气的爆震波诱导区长度接近0.8mm,管径与胞格宽度之比接近于1,因此爆震波在圆管中传播的准则可以用于预估爆震波在扩张比为1.34的圆管内能否成功传播。     

爆震波与非预混燃料射流相互作用的研究

为研究旋转爆震发动机（Rotating Detonation Engine, RDE）中燃料/氧化剂喷射和掺混对爆震波的影响及非预混环境下的爆震波的快速起爆与稳定传播,本文采用线性模型爆震发动机（Linear Model Detonation Engine,LMDE）来简化实际燃料喷射与爆震波相互作用的物理问题。通过RNG K-?湍流模型结合7步7组分氢气/空气机理的三维非定常反应流模拟方法,探究真实喷射条件下爆震波与混气相互作用、爆震波衰减及自持的特性。结果表明：氢气/空气的掺混均匀度至少要达到0.6才能使爆震波在非预混环境下传播;氢气孔与空气缝的入口压比需要满足爆震波进入燃烧室时,非均匀混气区恰好集中在氢气孔附近,燃料完全释放能量维持爆震波传播。     

预混气爆震波在不同直径管间的传播特性

在管径20mm与60mm的两管间研究了预混气爆震波的传播特性,着重测量了爆震波传递过程中的压力与速度变化,并分析了预混气压力、浓度、当量比以及连接段尺寸等参数对爆震波传播的影响与规律。研究发现:小管中没有爆震时大管中仍然可以出现爆震波,小张角的连接段对爆震波的再触发有利,再触发后的爆震波其压力、速度受到预混气压力、浓度及当量比等参数的影响。      

当量比和间隙尺寸对爆震波传播过程的影响

为探索微型脉冲爆震发动机推进系统的可行性,进行了微空间内爆震极限特性的研究.通过对预混氢气/氧气爆震火焰在平板狭缝中的传播过程进行测量,分析了爆震波压力、速度随当量比和间隙尺寸的变化趋势,发现在极限范围外,来自稳流段的爆震波都能在间隙内通过压力和速度的自我调整后达到稳定状态,调整过程所需的距离随间隙尺寸减小而增长.根据爆震波速度衰减的定义,给出了激波和火焰锋面速度沿间隙通道方向的变化特点,观察到了微尺寸下爆震波的4种传播模式:稳定爆震波、准稳定爆震波、低速爆震波和非爆震波.      

气相爆震波衍射现象的数值研究

对不同条件下气相爆震波在突扩管道和带扩散段管道中的衍射过程进行了数值研究.结果表明:起爆管的直径和临界爆震管直径对爆震波能否成功衍射传入主爆管起到决定性的作用.壁面反射激波与爆震波相互作用在邻近壁面处产生高温、高压区域,有助于减少爆震的诱导时间以及横波间距.扩散段扩散角越小时,反射激波强度越大.高强度的反射激波会将爆震波分为3段,在分界点处产生高温、高压点,对爆震波的衍射传播起到支持作用.      

旋转爆震发动机燃烧室气膜出流影响数值研究

针对旋转爆震发动机（RDE）壁面的高热负荷问题,开展旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面气膜冷却的数值仿真,探究气膜出流与爆震波、斜激波和燃烧室流场之间的相互作用以及气膜对壁面的冷却特性。研究结果表明:爆震波对气膜的压缩和冷却孔的堵塞作用明显,气膜对爆震波整体的传播特性影响较小。受爆震波和燃烧室流场的影响,气膜出流存在周期性的摆动情况,这在一定程度上影响了壁面的冷却效果。在爆震波覆盖的壁面区域,峰值壁温下降程度有限,但时均壁温的降幅超过26.9%;在斜激波覆盖区域,随着冷气量的增加,峰值壁温和时均壁温的降幅超过32.5%和51.3%,气膜对该区域壁面的冷却效果更加明显。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.