多径条件下阵列互耦自校正算法研究

在实际的阵列中,阵元间的互耦和相干信源的存在都会使得大多数高分辨的DOA估计算法的性能严重下降,甚至完全失效.针对这一问题,在应用子空间原理的基础上,利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状循环特性及对称Toeplitz性,并结合前后向空间平滑算法,提出了一种阵元互耦条件下的相干信源的波达方向估计新算法.该算法无需阵元的互耦参数信息,就可准确地估计出相干信源的DOA,估计性能优良,且只需一维搜索,计算量较小.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于数字近景摄影测量的天线变形测量

文章介绍了基于数字近景摄影测量原理的天线变形测量方法。该方法利用2台CCD相机交会摄影来获取被测面图像,并对被测面上特殊标志点进行中心坐标提取,然后利用光束法平差解算标志点中心坐标。测量精度可达到1:50000,可用于卫星天线研制过程中空间环境模拟试验的检验,为卫星天线在轨正常工作提供可靠性保证。     

Singularity analysis and steering control laws for adaptive-skew pyramid-type control moment gyros

In contrast to past studies that have treated the skew angle as fixed in pyramid-type control moment gyro (CMG) systems, this paper treats the adaptive-skew pyramid-type CMG (ASCMG) system, in which the skew angle is one of the control variables for generating torques. The singular surfaces of the fixed-skew CMG are analyzed and visualized to illustrate how they depend on the skew angle, and the singular surfaces of the ASCMGs are also analyzed and visualized from a viewpoint of null motion for not only the gimbal angle but also the skew angle. The steering control laws are presented, and we numerically study their effectiveness for the reduction of settling time as compared to the fixed-skew pyramid-type CMGs.     

基于结构特征比对的指纹识别方法

针对通常的指纹识别算法都不支持指纹的旋转和偏移的问题 ,文中首先提出一个在二维平面上点与点之间的距离与平面的旋转和平移无关的数学模型。然后在分析指纹特征点的基础上提出一个基于指纹结构特征的比对算法 ,该算法主要是利用特征点之间的距离、类型和跨越纹线等结构信息来进行比对。最后用实验证明这一算法的可行性     

Discrimination of aqueous and aeolian paleoenvironments by atomic force microscopy-- a database for the characterization of martian sediments

In the search for aqueous habitats on Mars direct proof of (ancient) flowing water is still lacking, although remote sensing has provided indications of young fluvial systems. To demonstrate that such proof can be given, we examined surface marks on recent terrestrial sand grains by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and applied a quantitative three-dimensional analysis that can numerically distinguish between aeolian and aquatic transport mechanisms in sedimentary deposits on Earth. The surfaces of natural quartz grains as well as olivine, feldspar pyroxene, and monazite sands of known origin were imaged, each image yielding a three-dimensional map of the mineral surface. A fully automated analysis of distribution patterns of the structural elements that constitute the grain surfaces shows that wind-transported quartz grains have short linear elements irregularly distributed on the surface. Linear elements on water-transported grains, however, are longer with orientations that reflect the mineral symmetry. Because the surface patterns found on aqueous grains are due to preferential etching, they can be used as diagnostic fingerprints for the existence of past or present aqueous transport systems. We used a cluster analysis of the cross-correlation distance of distribution patterns in the structures of aeolian and aquatic sand grains to build a phenogram that provides a map for the relationship of the various sediments found on earth. The analysis shows that the method is highly significant and that water and wind transport can clearly be differentiated. In particular, feldspar and olivine sands contributed even more to the discrimination than quartz grains, which indicated that the method is promising for its application on future missions to Mars. Assuming that martian aqueous sand grains exhibit similar erosional patterns to mineral grains on Earth, simple AFM experiments on a Mars lander would be capable of proving the activity of flowing water in modern runoff systems and of analyzing the paleoenvironments of Mars.     

Assessing the performance of a heuristic simulated annealing algorithm for the design of distributed satellite systems

A heuristic multidisciplinary design optimization technique has been investigated for applicability to the conceptual design of distributed satellite systems. Different permutations of a simulated algorithm are applied to the problem of developing a systems architecture that minimizes a multicriterion metric (cost per image) for the NASA Origins Terrestrial Planet Finder mission. It was found that the efficiency of the simulated annealing algorithm could be improved by modifying the degrees of freedom within the algorithm. Further, a methodology has been developed for finding the Pareto-optimal set of design solutions within the system trade space when the distributed satellite system is modeled as a multi-objective design problem. These advances combine to yield new tools for systems engineers exploring the trade space of distributed satellite systems during the conceptual design stage.     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

飞行器再入姿态双环滑模控制及其逻辑选择

应用滑模控制设计了一种飞行器再入姿态控制方法,这个控制器应用两环的滑模控制方案,可以获得对角速度及角度的同时跟踪并具有较好的鲁棒性和解耦性能。针对飞行器再入姿态的动力面与反作用混合控制的特点,运用优化控制选择配置算法把控制力矩指令配置为末端受动器的控制指令,分别由动力面与反作用致动器执行。再入姿态仿真验证了该方法的精度、鲁棒性以及解耦的跟踪性能及有效性。     

Determination of aerodynamic forces on satellites by theory and wind tunnel experiments

Theoretical and experimental aspects of satellite aerodynamics in free molecular flow have been studied. A FORTRAN-program package has been developed to calculate free molecular aerodynamic force and moment coefficients of general and special convex shapes, using an approximation of the surfaces by plane triangular elements.As a special case for concave bodies, the drag of a satellite of TD1A-similar shape has been investigated by an approximate theory and by wind tunnel experiments. Comparisons are made between experimental results, the approximate theory and exact theory.     

Rock surfaces as life indicators: new ways to demonstrate life and traces of former life

Life and its former traces can only be detected from space when they are abundant and exposed to the planetary atmosphere at the moment of investigation by orbiters. Exposed rock surfaces present a multifractal labyrinth of niches for microbial life. Based upon our studies of highly stress-resistant microcolonial fungi of stone monument and desert rock surfaces, we propose that microbial biofilms that develop and become preserved on rock surfaces can be identified remotely by the following characteristics: (1) the existence of spectroscopically identifiable compounds that display unique adsorption, diffraction, and reflection patterns characteristic of biogenerated organic compounds (e.g., chlorophylls, carotenes, melanins, and possibly mycosporines), (2) demonstrably biogenic geomorphological features (e.g., biopitting, biochipping, and bioexfoliation), and (3) biominerals produced in association with biofilms that occupy rock surfaces (e.g., oxalates, forsterite, and special types of carbonates, sulfides, and silicates). Such traces or biosignatures of former life could provide macroscopically visible morphotypes and chemically identifiable products uniquely indicative of life.     

基于Zernike拟合的三反射面天线赋形设计

多反射面天线系统受空间、位置和尺寸等因素的影响,其主反射面口面存在相位差,从而导致天线辐射性能下降,文章提出了一种利用Zernike多项式赋形多个反射面的方法,通过对副反射面赋形,在主反射面口面得到期望的幅度相位分布。该方法利用Zernike拟合来处理反射面间的光程差,并将主反射面作为固定面,根据几何光学法和光程条件,在Matlab中建立副反射镜初始模型,通过遗传算法优化Zernike系数调整光程差,对副反射镜面形进行优化设计,避免了复杂的微分计算。使用Grasp仿真软件对设计的三反射面天线系统进行了分析,计算表明,与未赋形的三反射面天线相比,赋形反射面天线系统主波束效率提升了10.67%,达到95%以上,验证了该赋形方法的可行性及对天线系统性能提升的有效性。     

基于无源定位系统的航迹起始算法

航迹起始是多目标航迹处理中的重要问题.针对无源定位系统的特点,提出了一种基于无源定位系统的航迹综合起始算法.首先对原始数据进行预处理,利用速度时间准则和相关波门来搜索可能的航迹,然后利用改进的3/4逻辑法进行航迹确认.基于实测数据的仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于改进最大期望算法迭代相位检测器的研究

近年来出现的基于最大期望(EM)迭代算法的相位同步算法具有比传统非数据辅助(NDA)相位估计算法更低的相位误差,是适合于Turbo编码系统的一种相位同步算法。然而,EM迭代算法对初值的选取比较敏感,收敛性较差。为了克服EM迭代算法收敛性较差的缺点,提出一种基于改进EM算法的Turbo编码系统迭代相位同步算法。针对EM算法的缺点,用数据辅助(DA)和NDA结合的方法得到的相位估计作为EM算法的初值。数值仿真显示,该方法具有比随机初始化EM算法更好的相位检测性能。     

一种从混合表面的明暗变化恢复形状的新算法

针对传统的混合表面形状恢复算法存在较大误差的问题,提出了一种基于透视投影的从混合表面的明暗变化恢复形状的新算法.首先,建立了一种改进的Ward反射模型来描述混合表面的反射特性,其次,采用更接近摄像机实际拍摄的透视投影方式,并且假定光源位于摄像机的光心处,构造了新模型下的图像辐照度方程,然后将该方程转化为包含物体表面深度信息的Hamilton-Jacobi偏微分方程,使用Fixed-point Iterative Sweeping方法和2D Central Hamiltonian函数逼近该微分方程的黏性解,进而得到物体表面的三维形状.与同类算法相比,新算法恢复的结果更加准确有效.合成花瓶图像的实验结果表明,与基于正交投影的算法相比,新算法恢复三维形状高度的平均误差和均方根误差均有较大幅度减少.     

一种改进的无线通信网络带宽分配方法

无线通信网络中,为了实现动态、公平的带宽分配,满足用户需求,提出了一种基于令牌桶的改进带宽分配算法。该算法将令牌桶划分为和用户数相对应的虚拟分令牌桶,并且在令牌桶后加入了分漏桶来对用户占用的带宽进行二次分配,算法设定了用户优先级和用户权值,优先级可区分用户的重要程度,依据用户权值,普通用户按占用比例为重要用户贡献带宽。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法可有效提高无线通信网络的吞吐量,算法可以保证普通用户公平地获得带宽资源,同时可以满足重要用户的特殊需求。     

飞行器半实物仿真装备研究进展与展望

根据制导体制不同，分别从光学制导仿真、射频制导仿真、光学/射频复合制导仿真等方面介绍了国内外半实物仿真装备研究进展。结合飞行器对半实物仿真技术提出新的发展需求，提出了全角度空间制导仿真、特殊环境/背景制导仿真、绕飞伴飞仿真、弹体气动伺服弹性仿真等特殊背景的半实物仿真方案。最后，结合飞行器技术和半实物仿真技术发展趋势，对飞行器半实物仿真装备的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于亲和传播算法的车辆自组织网络分簇组网方法

随着5G通信和自动驾驶汽车的发展，车辆自组织网络VANET（Vehicular Ad Hoc Network）作为一种新型的移动自组织网络，因其在改善道路安全、为驾驶员和乘客提供便利方面的潜力，而引起学术界和工业界的广泛关注。它可以通过提供交通流量、事故通知、危险警告、可能存在的定位偏差、天气等信息来增强道路安全，从而提高交通效率。由于车辆的高速移动会经常引起网络拓扑中断，因此一个设计良好的路由协议至关重要。提出了一种适用于车辆自组织网络环境的基于分簇的路由协议，设计并实现了一种基于亲和传播算法的分簇组网模型V-APC（VANET-Affinity Propagation Clustering）。通过重新定义亲和传播算法的相似函数，设计了簇头的选择过程、簇的形成过程还有簇的维护过程。结果表明：采用上述方法形成的簇，在簇内的通信性能和簇稳定性方面具有显著优势，使得该协议在路由延迟和数据包转发成功率方面表现优异。     

平台-捷联冗余姿控系统设计

从系统冗余的角度研究了提高运载火箭姿态控制系统可靠性的途径 ,介绍了平台 -捷联主、从式冗余姿态控制系统的组成和工作原理及故障诊断、切换和重构的模式。对平台 -捷联冗余方案进行了半实物仿真试验 ,试验中用典型致命性故障模式分别在几个特征秒和不同通道加入系统 ,记录和观察飞行过程中姿态控制系统对故障的适应能力和响应特性 ,同时研究了故障诊断阈值等对系统的影响。仿真试验证明 ,冗余方案正确、可行 ,在主、从系统出现一度故障的情况下 ,系统控制软件能正确诊断出故障 ,并且把故障部分切除 ,使系统处于稳定飞行状态     

The Potential and Equipotentiality of Spacecraft

The problem of maintenance of the equipotentiality of spacecraft surfaces is considered. The method under examination is the use of the conductive thermal-vacuum multilayer blanket (CMLB), whose outer surface represents a fabric woven of threads of glass fiber type with interwoven metal threads. The process of spacecraft potential formation and methods of the potential calculation are described, and the results of such a calculation for the illuminated and shadowed parts of spacecraft surfaces in some characteristic near-Earth plasma environments are presented. The CMLB model is described, and the potential distribution near the CMLB surface is calculated. The conclusion was drawn that the conductive thermal-vacuum multilayer blanket used in some cases on Russian spacecraft does not ensure the equipotentiality of spacecraft surfaces, and in the case of using CMLB, the differential spacecraft charging in outer regions of the Earth's magnetosphere may reach a dangerous level for onboard electronic systems. In spite of the fact that CMLB guards against large-scale powerful discharges, one cannot exclude discharges completely, what may result in broadband noise enhancement and cause onboard systems failures.