双层氧化物生长下热障涂层的界面失效与应力演化

在长时高温服役环境下,热障涂层（TBCs）会在内部的陶瓷层（TC）和粘结层（BC）之间生成由Al2O3层和混合性氧化物层（MO）组成的双层热生长氧化物（TGO）。其中,后期生成的MO 由于其疏松多孔、脆性大等特点,极易造成涂层内微裂纹的形成和扩展,导致涂层的过早剥落。因此,依据双层TGO 生长的扩散—氧化模型,在考虑材料非线性变形行为的基础上,运用生死单元法模拟TBCs 内双层TGO 异向生长下涂层界面的失效与应力演化过程。结果表明：MO 的生长会大幅度提升涂层界面的拉伸应力水平,易导致MO/TC 界面在高温阶段波峰区域和冷却阶段斜坡中心区域发生破坏及失效;MO/TC 界面的失效会引起BC 层波峰处更高的拉伸应力,促进冷却阶段Al2O3/BC 界面从波峰向波谷处的破坏;MO/TC 界面失效后,hAl2 O3 /hMO 的增加会加速Al2O3/BC 界面的破坏。     

钛合金空心点阵超塑成形/扩散连接成形工艺和性能研究

钛合金空心点阵是典型的承载–功能一体化结构,采用单轴拉伸方法,在不同温度、应变速率条件下测定TA15、TA32钛合金的超塑拉伸延伸率,最大延伸率分别达到1450%和950%,后在不同温度、压力条件下进行扩散连接试验。根据超塑拉伸和扩散连接试验,确定了超塑成形和扩散连接（Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding,SPF/DB）的最佳工艺参数为：920℃/1.5～2.0 MPa/2 h,制备了不同构型和几何参数的TA15、TA32钛合金空心点阵结构件。采用平压方法和三点弯曲方法测定了钛合金空心点阵的力学性能,压缩和弯曲强度最大值分别达到23.83 MPa、596MPa,通过有限元和试验分析的方法,研究了几何参数对钛合金空心点阵平压和弯曲性能的影响规律。采用单面加热方法,研究了钛合金空心点阵结构的隔热性能,在400℃/1 h条件下,隔热温差达到276.3～310℃。     

基于应变速率循环法的TA15钛合金超塑性本构方程

采用应变速率循环法对TA15钛合金进行三组高温超塑性拉伸试验,变形温度区间为850~950℃,应变速率循环区间为5×10-6~5×10-4s-1。分析拉伸试验数据后,计算出TA15钛合金动态再结晶激活能Q,结合金相组织分析得出其热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶的结论;并利用Arrhenius模型构建超塑性本构方程,应用origin数据处理软件进行数据分析,求得TA15钛合金高温条件下的超塑性本构方程。运用1stopt软件修正了该本构方程,使其精度达到99.3%。结果表明,TA15钛合金的流动应力对变形温度较为敏感,随着温度的升高,流变应力逐渐减小,软化机制愈发明显,且在900℃附近的超塑性较好,伸长率达到了846%。     

TC6钛合金超塑性变形

对TC6钛合金在800~900℃温度区间内,分别进行应变速率为0.0001~0.1 s-1的恒应变速率法拉伸实验和最大m值法超塑性拉伸实验,获得拉伸过程应力-应变曲线,并采用金相显微镜对拉伸后断口附近显微组织进行分析。结果表明：TC6合金表现出良好的超塑性性能,随着应变速率或温度的升高,伸长率先增大后减小,恒应变速率拉伸时,在温度850℃、应变速率0.001 s-1条件下伸长率可达到993%;在同一变形温度下最大m值法拉伸能获得比恒应变速率法更好的超塑性,850℃时伸长率达到1353%;TC6合金在超塑性变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,并随着应变速率和温度的升高动态再结晶行为增强。     

航天器用钛合金表面镀覆技术

介绍了改进的钛合金镀覆前处理工艺,采用二次酸性浸锌的方法对钛合金进行活化,克服了钛合金表面易氧化造成的镀覆层结合不良的问题,并对比了不同磷含量对化学镀镍层结合性能的影响,在TC4及TA1钛合金表面制备得到了结合强度高的化学镀镍、镀金、镀银层。通过热震和划格法测试钛合金表面镀覆层与基体的结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、3D显微镜、金相显微镜等方法对镀层微观形貌和组成进行测试;并测试了镀层的电化学性能、镀银层的导电性以及镀金层的热辐射性能。实验结果表明:采用酸性浸锌溶液对钛合金进行活化,并以中磷镍作为底镀层,能够显著提高钛合金表面镀覆层的结合强度。化学镀镍层的腐蚀电位相对于钛合金基体提高了60 mV,镀金层的腐蚀电位则提高了600 mV。镀层的导电性、热控性能等都较基体钛合金有明显的提高。     

热处理对BT36高温钛合金组织及性能的影响

BT36是俄罗斯研制的一种600℃高温钛合金,该合金的特点之一是含5%左右的W。本文采用BT36轧棒(20mm)研究了5种不同的热处理制度,进行了金相组织分析和性能测试(包括拉伸、蠕变、热稳定性等)。结果表明,获得片层组织是提高合金600℃持久及蠕变性能的关键,而且需要依靠适当的热处理工艺控制片层的厚度及形貌。BT36棒材通过5重热处理(995℃ 0.5h,AC+970℃ 2h,FC→700℃ 2h,AC+500℃ 15h,AC+650℃ 6h,AC)可获得较好的综合性能。     

初始组织对Mg-8Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金蠕变性能的影响

对不同初始组织形态（铸态、固溶处理态、 T6处理态及挤压态）的Mg-8Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金在200℃/70 MPa条件下进行100 h蠕变实验,探讨晶粒尺寸、铸态合金中初始第二相、时效析出相(β′相)对合金蠕变性能和蠕变机理的影响。结果表明：在相同蠕变条件下,时效态合金具有最佳的抗蠕变性能,挤压态合金的抗蠕变性能最低,在稳态蠕变阶段固溶态合金的蠕变性能稍高于铸态合金;晶粒尺寸细小是导致挤压态合金抗蠕变性能较低的主要因素;虽然在蠕变初期,铸态合金中初始第二相起到了蠕变强化作用,但晶内析出的大量与基体完全共格的β′相则是时效态合金以及固溶态合金具有较好抗蠕变性能的主要原因。     

TA32高温钛合金超塑性能研究

采用恒应变速率法对TA32高温钛合金板材进行超塑拉伸,研究了温度920～980℃和应变速率5×10^-5～1×10^-3 s^-1条件下材料的超塑变形行为,并分析了锥形件胀形过程的变形特征和微观组织演变规律。结果表明,TA32合金具有良好的超塑性变形能力,温度920℃、应变速率1×10^-3 s^-1时最大延伸率达到864%。温度为940℃和960℃时,受平面应力变形的锥形件高度较高,分别为90 mm和92 mm;经过不同变形量的变形后微观组织变化并不显著。     

TA7钛合金高温流变行为研究

通过热压缩试验研究了TA7钛合金在变形温度850~1000℃、应变速率0.001~0.1s-1条件下的流变应力变化规律,计算并建立了描述TA7钛合金高温变形特性的本构方程。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对TA7钛合金流变应力影响显著,随变形温度升高和变形速率的降低,相同变形程度下合金的流变应力显著降低,并且在较低的应变下合金即可达到稳态流变状态。     

TC6钛合金普通退火热稳定性和高温性能研究

研究了TC6钛合金经普通退火处理后的热稳定性能和高温力学性能,并与双重退火、等温退火状态进行了对比分析。结果表明,普通退火状态TC6钛合金在300℃/5000h以下具有良好的组织和性能稳定性,不同温度瞬时拉伸、蠕变、持久等高温性能与双重退火和等温退火状态相当。经普通退火处理的TC6钛合金半成品可以满足飞机结构件的使用温度(300℃以下)要求。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.